After more than five years of peatland restoration, respondents expected to see: - More peatlands rewetted or flooded - More trees re-introduced - Less incidences of fire The document assessed stakeholder perspectives on the biophysical, social, economic, and governance aspects of peatland restoration efforts in several countries. On the biophysical side, respondents felt restoration had only achieved hydrological and revegetation targets in some areas. Socially, immediate impacts like changes in resource utilization needed measuring, and women's participation strengthening could lead to more inclusive decision making. Economically, household incomes and avoided emissions were important to track. Governance-wise, dedicated organizations and secure long-

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2. Background
Biophysical Aspects
1. After more than five years of peatland restoration, what do you expect
to happen?
a. More peatland rewetted or flooded
b. More trees re-introduced
c. Less incidences of fire
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3. Background
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4. Biophysical Aspects
2. If your understanding of restoration is related to hydrology, do you think peatland
restoration has achieved its target in increasing water table?
a. Mostly achieved as planned
b. Some have achieved the target
c. Only few have achieved the target
d. None have achieved the target
e. Don’t have the opportunity to observe
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6. Biophysical Aspects
3. If your understanding of restoration is related to revegetation, do you think peatland
restoration has achieved its target in re-introducing local species?
a. Mostly achieved as planned
b. Some have achieved the target
c. Only few have achieved the target
d. None have achieved the target
e. Don’t have the opportunity to observe
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8. Biophysical Aspects
4. If your understanding of restoration is related to fire occurrence, do you think
peatland restoration has achieved its target in reducing fire incidents or hotspots?
a. Mostly achieved as planned
b. Some have achieved the target
c. Only few have achieved the target
d. None have achieved the target
e. Don’t have the opportunity to observe Slide # 8

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10. Social Aspects
1. What do you think needs to be measured immediately to assess social impact?
a. Changes in community behaviour in utilizing peat/peatland resources.
b. The impact of restoration activities on the social structure of the community
c. Identify potential conflicts
d. Identify groups that are ‘for’ and ‘against’ peat restoration efforts
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12. Social Aspects
2. When behavioural changes are observed, what aspect of peatland restoration are
affected?
a. Further conversion and utilization of peat are reduced
b. Keep using existing peatland but are aware of peat wetness by keeping soil
moist, increase water table by blocking drainage canals.
c. Choose different type of vegetation that can support their livelihoods, while
maintaining peatland
d. Choose other economic/livelihood alternatives that do not threaten peat/not
related to the peat ecosystems
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14. Social Aspects
3. Considering the different community conditions in each peat hydrological unit, how
should the social impacts be measured?
a. Compare social impacts across community group
b. Compare within a certain group over a period before and after interventions
c. Create a baseline to compare the impacts across community groups
d. Create idealized situation with a couple of relevant assumptions
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16. Social Aspects
4. When women participation in peatland restoration is strengthened, what progress do
you think will show?
a. More women are actively taking part in decision making process
b. More women leadership on issues that relevant to women and children interests
c. More programs that are socially dedicated to women
d. More decisions are made in inclusive manner
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18. Economic Aspects
1. Which economic data are more important to measure the impact of restoration?
a. Fresh data that are taken directly from respondents (income, saving, etc.)
b. Calculated data on return on invested capital
c. Calculated data on value of avoided emissions
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20. Economic Aspects
2. Considering ongoing interventions, at what level can the economic impact of peat
restoration activities be measured?
a. Household income
b. Businesses activities
c. Workforce absorption
d. Contribution to Gross Domestic Product
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22. Economic Aspects
3. If the impact measurement is carried out at the household level, which respondent is
most relevant to measuring the economic impact of peat restoration?
a. Households directly involved in restoration activities
b. Household not directly involved in restoration activity but their properties are affected
by those activities
c. Absentee land managers/owners
d. (a) and (b) but not (c)
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24. Economic Aspects
4. How should the results of the economic impacts of restoration should be presented?
a. Initial data and leave to the readers to interpret
b. Detailed and quantitative (with diagram/chart or table) and interpretation
c. Descriptive and qualitative based on analyzed data
d. Directly demonstrates values before and after restoration intervention
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26. Governance Aspects
1. In your view, what is most important to ensure sustainable peatland restoration
programs?
a. Specific regulations on peatland restoration
b. Dedicated organization to peatland restoration
c. Secured annual budget for peatland restoration program
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28. Governance Aspects
2. If your view on sustainability is related to regulations, do you think the Government
has sufficient regulations on peatland restoration?
a. Quite adequate
b. Somewhat sufficient
c. Hardly sufficient
d. Don’t have the opportunity to observe
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30. Governance Aspects
3. If your view on sustainability is related to organization, do you think the Government
has sufficient organization on peatland restoration?
a. Quite adequate
b. Somewhat sufficient
c. Hardly sufficient
d. Don’t have the opportunity to observe
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32. Governance Aspects
4. If your view on sustainability is related to budget, do you think the Government has
sufficient funding on peatland restoration?
a. Adequate funding
b. Somewhat sufficient
c. Hardly sufficient
d. Don’t have the opportunity to observe
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34. Thank you
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