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1. Crisis Intervention
Promoting Resilience & Resolution
Presented by: Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes
Executive Director, AllCEUs
AllCEUs.com Unlimited CEUs and Specialty Certifications $59
By Lennis G. Echterling et al.
2. Objectives
Resilience and Transcendence
Crisis Resolution: The Change Process
Making Contact: The Power of Connecting
Making Meaning: Transforming a Crisis
Narrative
Managing Emotional Arousal
Envisioning Possibilities: Creative Coping
Crisis Intervention with families
3. Resilience and Transcendence
Crisis is a point of threat and opportunity (-/+)
Six facets of crisis experience (BASICS)
Behavioral
Affective (Emotional)
Somatic
Interpersonal
Cognitive
Spiritual
Crime victim | Death of a Loved One | Natural Disaster |
Secondary Trauma by Media in Children
4. Resilience and Transcendence
Validation of the experience is crucial (LUVE)
Listen
Understand
Validate
Explore client strengths
Crime victim | Death of a Loved One | Natural Disaster |
Secondary Trauma by Media in Children
5. Crisis Resolution: The Change Process
Chaos Theory
Chaotic systems are predictable for a while and then
'appear' to become random.
Each point in a chaotic system is close to other points
with significantly different future paths. An arbitrarily
small change of the current path may lead to
significantly different future behavior.
6. Crisis Resolution: The Change Process
Complexity Theory
Emphasizes interactions and the accompanying feedback
loops that constantly change systems.
Systems are unpredictable, they are also constrained by
order-generating rules (Reward principle)
Individual behaviors and choices are more important than
executive plans in an organization.
Focus on self-organization instead of management control.
Use small changes and interventions
Encourage conflict and change
This may seem to push the person to an unstable situation,
but the person actually can gain improvements from the
healthy edge of chaos (Comfort zone)
7. The Change Process: 3 Principles
Large changes result from small changes
Change can begin suddenly and resolve
rapidly (Microsoft Updates)
Change is a complete reordering. Something new
emerges and noting is ever the same
8. Solution vs. Resolution
Solutions are largely outside yourself
Stronger security
Behavior alterations (Preparation/prevention)
Resolutions are internal events
Alteration in mood
Shift in thinking
Change of heart
Crime victim | Death of a Loved One | Natural Disaster
9. Making Contact: The Power of Connecting
Reconnecting
Social supports are a powerful buffer
Connecting to others is a fundamental human need
Humans are hardwired to help each other
Humans develop empathy even before verbal skills
10. Making Contact: The Power of Connecting
Receiving support
Use reaching out questions
Provide encouragement
Acknowledge the crisis experience
Make positive observations
Be tentative rather than authoritative, owning your
impressions
Highlight the survivor in crisis
Invite the person to talk (or not) about the experience
11. Making Meaning: Transforming a Crisis
Crisis can shatter people’s assumptions about the
world
Basic Assumptins
The world is benevolent
The world is meaningful and predictable
The self is worthy / Life is fair
As humans, we need to create meaning
Crime victim | Death of a Loved One | Natural Disaster |
Secondary Trauma by Media in Children
12. Making Meaning: Transforming a Crisis
Telling the Story
Survivors often have slightly different accounts of the
crisis each time they tell it
Changing recollections are the result of trying to find
meaning and resolve crisis
Help clients rectify discrepancies by pointing out
positive change or evidence of strength
Listen for the hero in the tragedy
Crime victim | Death of a Loved One | Natural Disaster |
Secondary Trauma by Media in Children
13. Narrative
The narrative can be used to help people explore the
bigger picture
The narrative can be continued into a positive resolution
The narrative can be explored in terms of focus and
character development (what role did others play or could
they play)
Ask making meaning questions
What have you discovered about yourself?
What sense do you make of this?
What do you see as the purpose for this?
What keeps you going through this difficult time?
14. Managing Emotional Arousal
People in crisis experience
Distressful emotions: Fear, anger, grief
Positive emotions: Resolve, courage, compassion, hope
Highlight the positive
Handling Distress
Catharsis is not necessary
Expression is…
Arousing Resolve
Performance quality is curvilinear proportion to
emotional arousal
15. Taking Action
Envisioning Possibilities
Explore goals
Create goals that are positive
Create a goal statement… “When you achieve this…”
Use scaling…. Getting from 1 to 10 (1 is the crisis)
Creative Coping
Examine current behaviors in terms of creative coping
Educate about common behavioral changes in response
to stress/crisis
Using Resources
16. Tools
Refer to the acute crisis in the past tense
Describe resolution and coping in the present
Special case: Flashbacks and nightmares
Have been/were vs. are…. You have been having flashbacks
Before you …what are you doing…
Transform crisis metaphors
I feel trapped…. “And when you begin to escape from the
trap, what is the first thing you will be doing?”
I feel overwhelmed. “When you decide to start sharing some
of this load with someone else, to whom will you turn, and
what will you want them to do?”
17. Tools cont…
Reframing
Situational context (global vs specific)
Temporal context (Stable/ongoing vs. changeable/time-
limited)
Normalize negative cognitions
Enhancing emotions of resolve
Look for exceptions to the distress
Daily inventories
Narratives
Ask presumptive questions of resolve…”When things
improve…”
Reflect emotions of resolve
18. Tools cont…
Moving On
As you begin to resolve this painful time in your life,
how your life be different?
When you leave here, what is the first thing you see
yourself doing?
What do you see as your next step?
19. Finding the Pony
Parents tried to teach their son that life wasn’t
fair by making him shovel a room full of manure
Parent’s returned at the end of the day to pick up
the child.
What happened???
20. Families and Couples in Crisis
When one member of the system is in crisis, it
impacts the entire system
Families and couples may face developmental
crises
Family members need to learn LUVE skills
Listen
Understand
Validate
Enhance resolve
21. Summary
Resilience and Transcendence
Crisis Resolution: The Change Process
Making Contact: The Power of Connecting
Making Meaning: Transforming a Crisis Narrative
Managing Emotional Arousal
Envisioning Possibilities
Creative Coping