Crime in urban areas and thier spatial planning implications
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Crime ratio is higher in urban area compare to rural area. And crime is higher in urban due to increased population, unchecked migration, gives rise to unorganized settlements. And also lack of opportunities, uneven distribution of incomes etc.. And types of crime, what are the effects on urban due to crime, and how to reduce crime that are described here.
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Urbanization: A Theoretical View (Perspectives, growth, cause and problems)
Appreciation of an Urban Neighbourhood at Dehradun Uttarakahnd
Appreciation of an Urban Neighbourhood at Dehradun Uttarakahnd
Problem of urban housing, slums and there solutions
Problem of urban housing, slums and there solutions
The Challenges and the Opportunities in the Urban Planning Preparedness
The Challenges and the Opportunities in the Urban Planning Preparedness
Levels, Patterns and Trends of Urbanization (World)
Levels, Patterns and Trends of Urbanization (World)
Similar to Crime in urban areas and thier spatial planning implications
CYBER-SECURITY TACTICS IN MITIGATING CYBERCRIMES: A REVIEW AND PROPOSAL
This article underscores the urgent need for a global response to cyber threats, discusses the risks
associated with increasing reliance on technology, and sets the stage for a review focused on understanding and mitigating cybercrimes. In summary, the passage discusses the internet's impact on
national development and the growing problem of cybercrime. It calls for a deeper understanding of the
characteristics and motivations of cybercriminals and highlights several questions that need to be
addressed to effectively combat cybercrime and its detrimental effects on society. The classification of cybercrime is summarized into five categories: Cybercrimes against Persons (including cyber
pornography, cyber stalking, financial cybercrimes, phishing, and vishing), Cybercrimes against Property(involving intellectual property violations, data theft, and "Man in the Middle" attacks), Cybercrimes against Government, Denial of Service (DOS) Attacks, and Other Cybercrimes (comprising data diddling,salami attacks, email bombing, email spoofing, logic bombs, internet time theft, and mobile and wireless technology-related cybercrimes).
EA&SP_GROUP_ASSIGNMENT_1.pdf
This document provides an overview of cybercrime, including definitions, types, impacts, and challenges. It notes that while cybercrime poses significant threats, there are major evidence gaps regarding its nature, scale, and costs. It recommends improving measurement and the evidence base to better inform policy responses. A socio-ecological framework is proposed to understand cybercrime at individual, relationship, community, and societal levels to guide multi-tiered prevention efforts.
Impact of Cyber Crime Issues and Challenges
The facilities of computer technology have not come out without drawbacks. Though it makes the life so speedy and fast, but hurled under the eclipse of threat from the deadliest type of criminality termed as Cybercrime without computers, entire businesses and government operations would almost cease to function. This proliferation of cheap, powerful, user friendly computers has enabled more and more people to use them and, more importantly, rely on them as part of their normal way of life. As businesses, government agencies, and individuals continue to rely on them more and more, so do the criminals Restriction of cybercrimes is dependent on proper analysis of their behavior and understanding of their impacts over various levels of society. Therefore, in the current manuscript a systematic understanding of cybercrimes and their impacts over various areas like Soci eco political, consumer trust, teenager etc. With the future trends of cybercrimes are explained. Dr. Renu | Pawan ""Impact of Cyber Crime: Issues and Challenges"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23456.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/23456/impact-of-cyber-crime-issues-and-challenges/dr-renu
Hacking Municipal Government Best Practices for Protection of Sensitive Loc...
1. Local governments are increasingly being targeted by cyber attacks as more infrastructure becomes internet-
connected. This exposes sensitive data and critical systems to risks.
2. State and local governments are often unprepared to deal with cybersecurity threats due to a lack of skilled
personnel and budgetary resources. They also may not adequately share intelligence about threats.
3. The annual cost of cyber attacks on businesses alone is estimated to be between $400-500 billion. Securing critical
infrastructure like power grids against cyber threats will require tremendous resources, with some projections
putting worldwide annual cybersecurity costs at trillions of dollars by 2020.
Dr.sc.Mensut Ademi The role of police reducing the fear of crimePresentation....
Summary: 1. Introduction. – 2. The Social-Psychological Model of Fear of Criminality. – 3. Law Enforcement Agencies. – 4. Results and Discussions. – 5. Confronting The Fear of Crime. – 6. Role of Politics and Media and Fear of Crime. – 7. Conclusions.
Keywords: Fear of Crime, Police, Community Policing, Neighbourhood, Situation.
Abstract
The feeling of fear of crime is a condition created in the hearts of many citizens, both in urban and rural areas, in war or peace, and the goal of many international researchers in the field of criminology is to evaluate it. This article is broken into three parts. The first part introduces the factors that explain the fear of crime, a including socio-demographic and social-psychological model by A. van der Wurff, L. van Staalduinen, and P. Stringer. The second part provides an overview of paradoxes and inconsistencies in the literature regarding fear of crime and the police’s role in reducing the fear of crime. Discussing public, political, and media perceptions of the role of police, and these perceptions’ implications for possible ways the police can increase feelings of security. Finally, it covers measures that can reduce fear of crime.
The police presence in dangerous areas with criminal influence is an important factor to reduce the fear of crime. Citizens continue to make more demands of the police to fight crime, and this task is directed mainly at community policing.
Alleviation of the fear of crime comes with the preventive actions of the police. They believe their presence in a neighbourhood calms the situation. For citizens, on the other hand, police presence can be seen as an indicator of an unsafe, tense, or disorderly situation.
Changing Trends in Criminal Justice and Human Rights in Globalised World
This PowerPoint presentation has been designed by me for my father who is an Advocate and was invited by an institution for a webinar to provide knowledge to the budding lawyers on the abovementioned topic. It contains information and suggestions regarding trends in the criminal justice system and human rights globally.
Crimes and Insecurity in the cityNameProfessor.docx
Crimes and Insecurity in the city
Name
Professor
Course
Date
Crimes and Insecurity in the city
Introduction
Development practitioners in both public and the private sectors, mainly those into urban design and development have now established a consensus that different social structural processes could constitute both driving shafts to stimulate urban development on one side and dealing with bottlenecks on the other side. Security is a primary ingredient in designing an environment that is conducive to successful efforts in developing project plans and putting it into action. Therefore, crime is a critical social structural characteristic that requires proper informed understanding to improve security in the any city and its environs. Proper social structural adjustment leads to creation of a user-friendly environment that will facilitate urban development by the practitioners.
Background
Crime ranges from simple and petty issues such pickpocketing to more sophisticated illegal actions. Crime is measurable. Thus, crime is the level of lawlessness and disintegration of social order. Crime has adverse effect on society. High crime rates disturb the security of any region and eventually leads to a state of insecurity. A United Nations report states, among other things, crime: “impairs the overall development of nations, undermines spiritual and material well-being, compromises human dignity and creates a climate of fear and violence. These adverse effects of crime endanger personal security and erodes the quality of life (United Nations 1992:6)”. It is very difficult to achieve sustainable development in a situation marked by uncontrolled and uncontrollable crime because it breeds and accompanies insecurity. (Albert 1998).
Crimes in the city can be categorized into specific areas. Physical criminal violence or physical assault includes homicide, armed robbery, carjacking, attempted murder, manslaughter, and rape. Psychological violence includes lies, threats, and brainwashing. These serve to diminish mental potentialities (Galtung 1990:10-12). Violent crime causes direct harm (Chesnais1992:217), this is a major contributing factor that disturbs security in the city. Violent crimes are more associated by members of the lower social status in a society. These poor people’s life is characterized by poverty. Also, there is also the violent crime against property ownership,- car-jacking and house breaking. Last, less visible crime is another category which often comes under the name of corruption. This includes criminal activities such as embezzling public funds, and filing false information. Such crimes are mainly committed by the elite in society. Most elites are rich and politically connected. By the very covert nature of hidden crimes, most of their perpetrators go free. (United Nations 1992:6). The local people are the main people affected by these crimes (John, (2010). Identifying the root causes of violen.
Cyber Crime: Youth in Social Decline
This document discusses the growing issue of cybercrime in Bangladesh, particularly among youth. As internet and technology usage increases, so do various forms of cybercrime like hacking, phishing, cyberbullying, and the spreading of misinformation. Many youth are victimized on social media and fall prey to financial crimes. While laws and enforcement agencies have been established to address cybercrime, challenges remain like a lack of skills and resources within law enforcement. The document calls for greater public awareness, strengthened laws and policies, and international cooperation to curb cybercrime and protect Bangladesh's digital progress and national security.
Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-12, August 2016 DOI 10.5897JIIS2015.0
Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-12, August 2016
DOI 10.5897/JIIS2015.0089
Article Number: 930ADF960210
ISSN 2141-6478
Copyright © 2016
Author(s) retain the copyright of this article
http://www.academicjournals.org/JIIS
Journal of Internet and Information
Systems
Review
Challenges to enforcement of cyber-crimes laws
and policy
Ajayi, E. F. G.
School of Law, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Received 4 August, 2015; Accepted 25 July, 2016
Cybercrime, a concept which to date has defied a globally accepted definition, appears to be the latest
scourge plaguing man and same has occupied the cynosure. The word “cybercrime” is on the lips of
almost everyone involved in the use of the computer and Internet, be it individual, corporate,
organization, national, multinational or international. The attention accorded cybercrimes is not far-
fetched; on one hand, it is partly rooted in its unavoidable nature as a result of the fact that
telecommunications via the cyberspace, is the veritable means by which social interaction, global trade
and commerce are transacted; and on the other, the economic losses to which all citizens are exposed
whether now or in the nearest future. Aside economic losses, other consequences of cybercrimes
includes but not limited to setback to the brand image and company reputation otherwise known as
goodwill, loss of intellectual property and sensitive data, opportunity costs which includes but not
limited to service and employment disruptions, penalties and compensatory payments to affected
clienteles, contractual compensation for delays, cost of countermeasures and insurance, cost of
mitigation strategies and recovery from cyber-attacks, the loss of trade and competitiveness, distortion
of trade and job loss. This paper argues that it is not as if relevant laws and regulations are not in place
because some advanced nations in the world have in one form or another, laws against cybercrimes,
yet, the challenge of cybercrimes remains intractable and bewildering. As nations across the globe
strives to curb cybercrimes through the instrumentality of the law, so are the cyber criminals devising
new and sophisticated techniques to further their trade, thereby rendering impotent, the extant legal
measures. This Article intends to bring to the fore, a comprehensive account of why cybercrimes
remains an albatross in order showcase the enormity of the challenge faced by humanity, in the hope
that, when the extent of the problem is known, may be, a global solution would timeously be fashioned
out, to stem the tide of cybercrimes.
Key words: Cybercrimes, cyber criminals, challenges, enforcement, economic losses.
INTRODUCTION
Cyber-crimes are relatively a new phenomenon but same
has occupied the cynosure of global attention simply
because all citizens of the world, irrespective of whether
private or public, are vulnerable to it, the said vulnerability
Email: [email pr ...
Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-12, August 2016 DOI 10.5897JIIS2015.0
Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-12, August 2016
DOI 10.5897/JIIS2015.0089
Article Number: 930ADF960210
ISSN 2141-6478
Copyright © 2016
Author(s) retain the copyright of this article
http://www.academicjournals.org/JIIS
Journal of Internet and Information
Systems
Review
Challenges to enforcement of cyber-crimes laws
and policy
Ajayi, E. F. G.
School of Law, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Received 4 August, 2015; Accepted 25 July, 2016
Cybercrime, a concept which to date has defied a globally accepted definition, appears to be the latest
scourge plaguing man and same has occupied the cynosure. The word “cybercrime” is on the lips of
almost everyone involved in the use of the computer and Internet, be it individual, corporate,
organization, national, multinational or international. The attention accorded cybercrimes is not far-
fetched; on one hand, it is partly rooted in its unavoidable nature as a result of the fact that
telecommunications via the cyberspace, is the veritable means by which social interaction, global trade
and commerce are transacted; and on the other, the economic losses to which all citizens are exposed
whether now or in the nearest future. Aside economic losses, other consequences of cybercrimes
includes but not limited to setback to the brand image and company reputation otherwise known as
goodwill, loss of intellectual property and sensitive data, opportunity costs which includes but not
limited to service and employment disruptions, penalties and compensatory payments to affected
clienteles, contractual compensation for delays, cost of countermeasures and insurance, cost of
mitigation strategies and recovery from cyber-attacks, the loss of trade and competitiveness, distortion
of trade and job loss. This paper argues that it is not as if relevant laws and regulations are not in place
because some advanced nations in the world have in one form or another, laws against cybercrimes,
yet, the challenge of cybercrimes remains intractable and bewildering. As nations across the globe
strives to curb cybercrimes through the instrumentality of the law, so are the cyber criminals devising
new and sophisticated techniques to further their trade, thereby rendering impotent, the extant legal
measures. This Article intends to bring to the fore, a comprehensive account of why cybercrimes
remains an albatross in order showcase the enormity of the challenge faced by humanity, in the hope
that, when the extent of the problem is known, may be, a global solution would timeously be fashioned
out, to stem the tide of cybercrimes.
Key words: Cybercrimes, cyber criminals, challenges, enforcement, economic losses.
INTRODUCTION
Cyber-crimes are relatively a new phenomenon but same
has occupied the cynosure of global attention simply
because all citizens of the world, irrespective of whether
private or public, are vulnerable to it, the said vulnerability
Email: [email pr ...
Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-12, August 2016 DOI 10.5897JIIS2015.0.docx
Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-12, August 2016
DOI 10.5897/JIIS2015.0089
Article Number: 930ADF960210
ISSN 2141-6478
Copyright © 2016
Author(s) retain the copyright of this article
http://www.academicjournals.org/JIIS
Journal of Internet and Information
Systems
Review
Challenges to enforcement of cyber-crimes laws
and policy
Ajayi, E. F. G.
School of Law, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Received 4 August, 2015; Accepted 25 July, 2016
Cybercrime, a concept which to date has defied a globally accepted definition, appears to be the latest
scourge plaguing man and same has occupied the cynosure. The word “cybercrime” is on the lips of
almost everyone involved in the use of the computer and Internet, be it individual, corporate,
organization, national, multinational or international. The attention accorded cybercrimes is not far-
fetched; on one hand, it is partly rooted in its unavoidable nature as a result of the fact that
telecommunications via the cyberspace, is the veritable means by which social interaction, global trade
and commerce are transacted; and on the other, the economic losses to which all citizens are exposed
whether now or in the nearest future. Aside economic losses, other consequences of cybercrimes
includes but not limited to setback to the brand image and company reputation otherwise known as
goodwill, loss of intellectual property and sensitive data, opportunity costs which includes but not
limited to service and employment disruptions, penalties and compensatory payments to affected
clienteles, contractual compensation for delays, cost of countermeasures and insurance, cost of
mitigation strategies and recovery from cyber-attacks, the loss of trade and competitiveness, distortion
of trade and job loss. This paper argues that it is not as if relevant laws and regulations are not in place
because some advanced nations in the world have in one form or another, laws against cybercrimes,
yet, the challenge of cybercrimes remains intractable and bewildering. As nations across the globe
strives to curb cybercrimes through the instrumentality of the law, so are the cyber criminals devising
new and sophisticated techniques to further their trade, thereby rendering impotent, the extant legal
measures. This Article intends to bring to the fore, a comprehensive account of why cybercrimes
remains an albatross in order showcase the enormity of the challenge faced by humanity, in the hope
that, when the extent of the problem is known, may be, a global solution would tim eously be fashioned
out, to stem the tide of cybercrimes.
Key words: Cybercrimes, cyber criminals, challenges, enforcement, economic losses.
INTRODUCTION
Cyber-crimes are relatively a new phenomenon but same
has occupied the cynosure of global attention simply
because all citizens of the world, irrespective of whether
private or public, are vulnerable to it, the said vulnerability
Email: [email p.
Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-12, August 2016 DOI 10.5897JIIS2015.0.docx
Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-12, August 2016
DOI 10.5897/JIIS2015.0089
Article Number: 930ADF960210
ISSN 2141-6478
Copyright © 2016
Author(s) retain the copyright of this article
http://www.academicjournals.org/JIIS
Journal of Internet and Information
Systems
Review
Challenges to enforcement of cyber-crimes laws
and policy
Ajayi, E. F. G.
School of Law, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Received 4 August, 2015; Accepted 25 July, 2016
Cybercrime, a concept which to date has defied a globally accepted definition, appears to be the latest
scourge plaguing man and same has occupied the cynosure. The word “cybercrime” is on the lips of
almost everyone involved in the use of the computer and Internet, be it individual, corporate,
organization, national, multinational or international. The attention accorded cybercrimes is not far-
fetched; on one hand, it is partly rooted in its unavoidable nature as a result of the fact that
telecommunications via the cyberspace, is the veritable means by which social interaction, global trade
and commerce are transacted; and on the other, the economic losses to which all citizens are exposed
whether now or in the nearest future. Aside economic losses, other consequences of cybercrimes
includes but not limited to setback to the brand image and company reputation otherwise known as
goodwill, loss of intellectual property and sensitive data, opportunity costs which includes but not
limited to service and employment disruptions, penalties and compensatory payments to affected
clienteles, contractual compensation for delays, cost of countermeasures and insurance, cost of
mitigation strategies and recovery from cyber-attacks, the loss of trade and competitiveness, distortion
of trade and job loss. This paper argues that it is not as if relevant laws and regulations are not in place
because some advanced nations in the world have in one form or another, laws against cybercrimes,
yet, the challenge of cybercrimes remains intractable and bewildering. As nations across the globe
strives to curb cybercrimes through the instrumentality of the law, so are the cyber criminals devising
new and sophisticated techniques to further their trade, thereby rendering impotent, the extant legal
measures. This Article intends to bring to the fore, a comprehensive account of why cybercrimes
remains an albatross in order showcase the enormity of the challenge faced by humanity, in the hope
that, when the extent of the problem is known, may be, a global solution would timeously be fashioned
out, to stem the tide of cybercrimes.
Key words: Cybercrimes, cyber criminals, challenges, enforcement, economic losses.
INTRODUCTION
Cyber-crimes are relatively a new phenomenon but same
has occupied the cynosure of global attention simply
because all citizens of the world, irrespective of whether
private or public, are vulnerable to it, the said vulnerability
Email: [email pr.
Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-12, August 2016 DOI 10.5897JIIS2015.0.docx
Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-12, August 2016
DOI 10.5897/JIIS2015.0089
Article Number: 930ADF960210
ISSN 2141-6478
Copyright © 2016
Author(s) retain the copyright of this article
http://www.academicjournals.org/JIIS
Journal of Internet and Information
Systems
Review
Challenges to enforcement of cyber-crimes laws
and policy
Ajayi, E. F. G.
School of Law, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Received 4 August, 2015; Accepted 25 July, 2016
Cybercrime, a concept which to date has defied a globally accepted definition, appears to be the latest
scourge plaguing man and same has occupied the cynosure. The word “cybercrime” is on the lips of
almost everyone involved in the use of the computer and Internet, be it individual, corporate,
organization, national, multinational or international. The attention accorded cybercrimes is not far-
fetched; on one hand, it is partly rooted in its unavoidable nature as a result of the fact that
telecommunications via the cyberspace, is the veritable means by which social interaction, global trade
and commerce are transacted; and on the other, the economic losses to which all citizens are exposed
whether now or in the nearest future. Aside economic losses, other consequences of cybercrimes
includes but not limited to setback to the brand image and company reputation otherwise known as
goodwill, loss of intellectual property and sensitive data, opportunity costs which includes but not
limited to service and employment disruptions, penalties and compensatory payments to affected
clienteles, contractual compensation for delays, cost of countermeasures and insurance, cost of
mitigation strategies and recovery from cyber-attacks, the loss of trade and competitiveness, distortion
of trade and job loss. This paper argues that it is not as if relevant laws and regulations are not in place
because some advanced nations in the world have in one form or another, laws against cybercrimes,
yet, the challenge of cybercrimes remains intractable and bewildering. As nations across the globe
strives to curb cybercrimes through the instrumentality of the law, so are the cyber criminals devising
new and sophisticated techniques to further their trade, thereby rendering impotent, the extant legal
measures. This Article intends to bring to the fore, a comprehensive account of why cybercrimes
remains an albatross in order showcase the enormity of the challenge faced by humanity, in the hope
that, when the extent of the problem is known, may be, a global solution would timeously be fashioned
out, to stem the tide of cybercrimes.
Key words: Cybercrimes, cyber criminals, challenges, enforcement, economic losses.
INTRODUCTION
Cyber-crimes are relatively a new phenomenon but same
has occupied the cynosure of global attention simply
because all citizens of the world, irrespective of whether
private or public, are vulnerable to it, the said vulnerability
Email: [email pr.
An Intelligence Analysis of Crime Data for Law Enforcement Using Data Mining
The concern about national security has increased significantly since the 26/11 attacks at Mumbai, India. However, information and technology overload hinders the effective analysis of criminal and terrorist activities. Data mining applied in the context of law enforcement and intelligence analysis holds the promise of alleviating such problem. In this paper we use a clustering/classify based model to anticipate crime trends. The data mining techniques are used to analyze the city crime data from Tamil Nadu Police Department. The results of this data mining could potentially be used to lessen and even prevent crime for the forth coming years
CSU-1.pptx
Cybercrime targets or uses computers and networks to commit criminal acts. There are two main categories: crimes that target devices like viruses, malware, and denial of service attacks; and crimes that use computers to enable other offenses like identity theft and financial fraud. Social engineering manipulates users into providing sensitive information. Cybercrime types include email scams, hacking, data/identity theft, and ransomware. Crimes are against persons, property, or government and are difficult to investigate due to the digital nature and potential international scope of offenses.
WHAT ARE THE METHODS THAT CAN BE EMPLOYED TO REDUCE THE TH.docx
WHAT ARE THE METHODS THAT CAN BE EMPLOYED TO REDUCE THE THREAT TO THE NATION’S CYBER SYSTEMS
A Master Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty
of
American Public University
By
Daniella Rowell
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the degree
of
Master of Arts
March 2016
American Public University
Charles Town, WV
A dynamic cyber terrorism framework. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security by Ahmad, R. & Yuns, Z., 2012 advance an upsurge of cybercrime over the past few years. This increase is related to the dynamism shown by the integration of cybercrime in the execution of conventional crimes. This literature resource is important to this research as it explores a rather sensitive sector within the borders of the United States which is national security. The United States has many enemies most notably terrorists who target systems of the country’s defense systems. An analysis of this literature breaks down the attacks already conducted against the defense infrastructure as well as highlighting vulnerabilities existing within the sector. As a matter of fact, double standards of some security personnel raise an unprecedented risk since terrorist end up gaining inside knowledge on how to attack systems. Many at times cyber terrorism is neglected when expounding on the scope of cybercrime as more conventional cyber-attacks such as fraud, cyber defamation amongst other get a fair share of attention. A shift from the more obvious forms is evident in this literature as cyber terrorism is not a new form of attack in the context of the United States. As it's rightly opened in this literature, the start of the next world war could be a blackout but not a bang as many people expect. A single code could be enough to put everything in our country to stand still ranging from trains, airport operations, and power plants amongst others. Consequently, this research shall explore the perceived complacency within the defense department so as to make recommendations on how to prevent such attacks. In addition, the defense may have to ensure that its personnel’s loyalty is to the United States and its people alone and that no form ill-intended collaborations shall be made to expose the system’s vulnerabilities to an enemy. Moreover, the public is charged with responsibilities of understanding cyber terrorism to enable them to raise alarm whenever queer activities in the neighborhood are detected.
This literature resource is relevant to the research paper as it creates a general picture of what cybercrime is. Brenner, W. 2010 literature Cybercrime defines literature in its very nature. It occurs in two basic ways which either happen independently or simultaneously. On one hand, computers can be used in the perpetration of cyber-attacks but could be targeted on the other hand. This model carries a lot of weight in understanding how the legal definition of cybercrime is arrived at. Some individuals are ignorant of activities they perform.
Terrorist Cyber Attacks
Terrorist cyber attacks pose a significant threat to national institutions and have the potential to cause greater devastation than cybercrimes targeting individuals. As technology advances rapidly, organizations must constantly upgrade their security systems to defend against evolving cyber threats from terrorist groups. A successful terrorist cyber attack could put people at risk by allowing sensitive information to fall into the wrong hands, disrupting critical resources, or manipulating data to cause harm. Key targets include energy, transportation, banking, and communication networks. Nations must remain vigilant against these threats through strong cyber defenses and active countermeasures.
Internet Security Threat
This document discusses the growing threat of cyber crime and terrorism posed by the internet. It provides statistics showing a rapid rise in internet-related criminal complaints and losses. Specifically, the US saw a 22% increase in complaints from 2008-2009, with losses rising from $264.6 million to $559.7 million. Other countries like Belgium, South Korea, and European/East Asian nations also saw large increases in cyber crime. The document examines how critical infrastructure systems are vulnerable, citing examples of attacks on Iran's nuclear power plant and Chinese hacking of Taiwanese government computers, representing the emergence of online warfare. It argues the internet poses a serious and growing threat to national security worldwide.
Media and the Criminal Justice System3
The document discusses how media coverage influences the public's perception of the criminal justice system. It argues that media portrayals of the system, whether positive or negative, can impact policy decisions within police departments, courts, and corrections centers. This may result in changes like employee firings, internal investigations, or privatization of services. The document also suggests that sensationalized media coverage of violent crime can increase fear among the general public and influence attitudes toward criminal justice policy.
A Review Paper On Cyber Crime
This document provides a review of cybercrime. It begins with definitions of crime and cybercrime. It then discusses several common types of cybercrimes like financial crimes, cyber pornography, drug trafficking, and cyber terrorism. It also examines cybercriminals and categorizes them from teenagers to professional hackers. The document analyzes data on the countries most affected by cybercrime. It concludes that cybercrime causes significant financial losses globally and emphasizes the importance of awareness and cybersecurity laws.
Similar to Crime in urban areas and thier spatial planning implications (20)
CYBER-SECURITY TACTICS IN MITIGATING CYBERCRIMES: A REVIEW AND PROPOSAL
CYBER-SECURITY TACTICS IN MITIGATING CYBERCRIMES: A REVIEW AND PROPOSAL
Hacking Municipal Government Best Practices for Protection of Sensitive Loc...
Hacking Municipal Government Best Practices for Protection of Sensitive Loc...
Dr.sc.Mensut Ademi The role of police reducing the fear of crimePresentation....
Dr.sc.Mensut Ademi The role of police reducing the fear of crimePresentation....
Changing Trends in Criminal Justice and Human Rights in Globalised World
Changing Trends in Criminal Justice and Human Rights in Globalised World
Crimes and Insecurity in the cityNameProfessor.docx
Crimes and Insecurity in the cityNameProfessor.docx
Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-12, August 2016 DOI 10.5897JIIS2015.0
Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-12, August 2016 DOI 10.5897JIIS2015.0
Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-12, August 2016 DOI 10.5897JIIS2015.0
Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-12, August 2016 DOI 10.5897JIIS2015.0
Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-12, August 2016 DOI 10.5897JIIS2015.0.docx
Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-12, August 2016 DOI 10.5897JIIS2015.0.docx
Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-12, August 2016 DOI 10.5897JIIS2015.0.docx
Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-12, August 2016 DOI 10.5897JIIS2015.0.docx
Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-12, August 2016 DOI 10.5897JIIS2015.0.docx
Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-12, August 2016 DOI 10.5897JIIS2015.0.docx
An Intelligence Analysis of Crime Data for Law Enforcement Using Data Mining
An Intelligence Analysis of Crime Data for Law Enforcement Using Data Mining
WHAT ARE THE METHODS THAT CAN BE EMPLOYED TO REDUCE THE TH.docx
WHAT ARE THE METHODS THAT CAN BE EMPLOYED TO REDUCE THE TH.docx
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原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024
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A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
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Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
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scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
ISPM 15 Heat Treated Wood Stamps and why your shipping must have one
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TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
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CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
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objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine Learning
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The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
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Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
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Crime in urban areas and thier spatial planning implications
- 1. SARVAJANIK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY ,SURAT FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING MASTER OF ENGINEERING (TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING) Affiliated with GUJARAT TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY Graduate Report Presentation on “Crime in Urban area and their Spatial Planning Implications” ME –TCP , YEAR -1, Semester -1 Under the subject of SOCIAL ECONOMIC PLANNING (Subject Code :37140810) Prepared by : Guided by : Ajay R. Patel Prof. Zarana Gandhi Enrollment no : 190420748016 Prof. Palak Shah Prof.(Dr.) Pratima Patel Faculty & Head Faculty of Civil Engineering , SCET 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 1
- 2. content Introduction Urban crime Causes of urban crime Effect of urban crime Controlling measures Conclusion References 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 2
- 3. Introduction • Urbanisation characterises development and in inter-alia involves intense economic and industrial activities. At the same time, urbanisation influenced by the increased population, unchecked migration, gives rise to unorganised settlements. • Lack of opportunities, uneven distribution of incomes, diverse socio- religious-cultural disparities make urban areas spheres of increased criminal activities. • Organised groups, Gangsters, professional criminals, new entrants, youths, juveniles etc. find crime a thriving vocation as short cut for an easy and good living in urban environment. 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 3
- 4. • There is a positive correlation between crime rate and size of cities. Bigger the city, higher the rate of crime. • The types of crimes also significantly differ from rural areas to urban areas. Economic offences such as property thefts, automobile thefts, pick pocketing, cheating etc, are more in urban areas than in rural areas. Murder, physical violence, instance of unit cases etc, are relatively rare in rural areas. 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 4
- 5. Urban crime • There are generally four types of crime are happened in urban area: 1. Violent crime 2. Property crime 3. Economic crime 4. Cyber-crime 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 5
- 6. Violent crime (1) Murder :- Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification or valid excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human with malice aforethought. This state of mind may, depending upon the jurisdiction, distinguish murder from other forms of unlawful homicide, such as manslaughter. Figure 1: Murder (Source: baomoi.com) 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 6
- 7. Circumstances for murder :- • Argument (unspecified) • Robbery • Juvenile gang killing • Contravention of narcotic drug laws • Argument over money or property • Brawl due to influence of alcohol • Romantic triangle • Gangland killing • Brawl due to influence of narcotics • Burglary 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 7
- 8. Sexual assault (2) Sexual assault : Sexual assault is an act in which a person intentionally sexually touches another person without that person’s consent or physically forces a person to engage in a sexual act against their will. Figure 2: Sexual assault (Source: securipedia.eu) 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 8
- 9. It includes (in most jurisdictions): • Rape • Attempted rape • Child sexual abuse • Elderly sexual assault • Sexual harassment • Groping • Domestic violence 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 9
- 10. Social impact • Women may particularly avoid social situations with men, due to a heightened awareness of the potential for violence that some men are capable of. • Research has shown that women regularly feel vulnerable in their local communities and in public spaces as a consequence of the fear of rape. • Work life may also be disrupted, due to avoidance of social situations and feelings of low self-worth and self-doubt. 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 10
- 11. Riot (3) Riot : A riot is a form of civil disorder commonly characterized by group lashing out in a violent public disturbance against authority, property or people. Like, 1) Police riot 2) Prison riot 3) Religious riot 4) Student riot Figure 3: Riots (Source: securipedia.eu) 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 11
- 12. Social impact • Destruction by riots can have social impact such as increase in citizens' perception of insecurity, fear of crime, and avoiding of the places of the riots. This can result in urban space becoming increasingly more attractive for rioters, with a chain of increasing destruction. 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 12
- 13. Property crime (1) Robbery :- Robbery is the crime of taking or attempting to take something of value by force, threat of force, or by instilling fear in the victim. Like, 1) Armed robbery 2) Aggravated robbery 3) Highway robbery 4) Carjacking Figure 5: Robbery (Source: securipedia.eu) 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 13
- 14. Burglary (2) Burglary: Burglary is the crime of illicitly entering a building or other property with the intent to commit an offence, particularly (but not limited to) theft. Figure 6: Burglary (Source: securipedia.eu) 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 14
- 15. Social impact • Robbery can also lead to more positive social effects. • Besides the effect of serious psychological distress, robbery may lead to physical harm, (personal) financial loss, a decrease in perceived security, an increase of feelings of personal vulnerability. • A social effect could be that victims develop avoidance behaviour, for example to avoid crowded situations and just go out the door during the day time and to only visiting trusted persons. 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 15
- 16. Economic crime • Economic crime, also known as financial crime, refers to illegal acts committed by an individual or a group of individuals to obtain a financial or professional advantage. Figure 7: Economics crime (Source: uktech. news) 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 16
- 17. common types of financial crime 1) Identity Theft 2) Tax Fraud 3) Health Care Crimes 4) Schemes and Scams 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 17
- 18. Cyber crime • Cyber-crime is any criminal act related to computers and networks which is called hacking, phishing, spamming or is used as a tool to commit an offence conducted through the Internet. • Cyber-crime is a term for any illegal activity that uses a computer as its primary means of commission. 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 18 • Figure 8: Cybercrime (Source: cpomagazine.com)
- 19. Causes of crime 1) Poverty or Homelessness 2) Mental disorder 3) Wrong moral choice 4) Bad influence 5) Connections with drugs and alcohol 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 19
- 20. Crime impact on urban area 1) Reduce safety 2) Disrupts Order 3) Impedes Community Collaboration and Trust 4) Generates Stress 5) Economic Costs 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 20
- 21. Controlling measure 1) More prisons 2) More police 3) Improved Crime Analysing Techniques 4) Allowing Concealed Weapons 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 21
- 22. Conclusion • As you can see, crime is a problem for urbanized areas, including murder, nonnegligent manslaughter, aggravated assault, rape, drug possession or selling, robbery, including burglary, larceny and motor vehicle theft, and arson. • There are several general reasons for why people commit crimes, including losing emotional control, drug and alcohol influences, bad influences and moral choices, and perhaps mental disorders • You also saw the list of possible suggestions that we could take, as a nation, in our policies and our culture, to help decrease the type of environment that leads to criminal activity. 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 22
- 23. References •https://bloomp.net/articles/urban-crime-causes-solutions.html •https://www.civilserviceindia.com/subject/Sociology/notes/urbanizati on-and-crime.html •https://www.ukessays.com/essays/geography/impact-urbanization- crime-rates-2643.php •https://securipedia.eu/mediawiki/index.php?search=security+issue&t itle=Special%3ASearch&go=Go 03-12-2019 ME-TCP ( CRIME IN URBAN AREA AND THEIR SPATIAL PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ) 23