Credibility
When claims are presented to you, evaluate them by asking two key questions:
1. How credible is the claim itself?
2. How credible is the source of the claim?
First, let’s consider the credibility of the claim itself. When you’re thinking critically, you’re evaluating every claim against what you already know to see if it seems plausible or implausible. Consider the following claims:
I can run three miles in 30 minutes.
I can teleport up to 300 meters away.
Does one seem more believable than the other? That’s what we mean by considering the credibility of the claim. In fact, the literal meaning of “incredible” is “unbelievable” or “impossible.”
You’re constantly evaluating claims against things you already know. And the more you know about a topic, the better you can judge a claim’s credibility. For example, imagine that your car has developed an odd rattling noise. A mechanic tells you that it’s likely the heat shield protecting your catalytic converter. If you don’t know exactly what the catalytic converter is or where to find it under the hood, you might run this diagnosis by a trusted friend who has more experience working on cars to see if it sounds credible.
Whenever you’re evaluating a claim, keep an eye out for the following:
· Whether evidence is offered to support the claim
· Whether there are any obvious inaccuracies
· Whether the claim is an observation or an inferred conclusion
Every day, according to the Department of Transportation, 1.73 million people travel on domestic flights in the United States. And every day, airlines dispense more than 10 million plastic cups to these passengers—cups that go straight into our landfills.
Does this sound credible? There are three claims here. First, do you find the Department of Transportation credible? If you do a quick search, you’ll find that the website of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics does in fact provide this exact information. Now, based on your personal experience with air travel, does it seem likely that each passenger uses about five cups when they fly? Finally, do all airlines throw away these cups or do some of them have recycling programs? These are the kinds of questions to ask when sizing up the credibility of a claim.
Answer the following questions about the material above.
Multiple Choice Question
A credible claim has which of the following characteristics?
· It uses inductive reasoning to reach a conclusion.
· It appears to be plausibly true.
· It contains premises and a conclusion.
· It is unexpected and memorable.
Multiple Choice Question
Marcus claims that if you have diabetes, you should avoid starchy foods like bread and potatoes. Which of the following situations would MOST likely make you question the credibility of his claim?
· Several of your family members have diabetes and were told by their doctors that starch-heavy foods can be incorporated into a healthy diabetic diet.
· You remember seeing a news report on television that highlight.
You have been hired by Nobody State University (NSU) as a consulta.docxjeffevans62972
You have been hired by Nobody State University (NSU) as a consultant to help the university with how to increase their total revenue. The university has been struggling in recent years, so they have hired you to help them in their last attempt to find an appropriate solution so that the university can survive.
Raise or Lower Tuition? Suppose that, in an attempt to raise more revenue, Nobody State University increases its tuition.
· Assess a raise in tuition and if it will necessarily result in more revenue.
· Describe the conditions under which revenue will (a) rise, (b) fall, or (c) remain the same.
· Explain the process of revenue at NSU, focusing on the relationship between the increased revenue from students enrolling at NSU despite the higher tuition and the lost revenue from possible lower enrollment.
· If the true price elasticity were (-1.2), discuss what you would suggest the university do to expand revenue.
· Using what you have learned in this course, explain how you would resolve this problem if you were the President of NSU.
In a three- to five-page paper (not including title and reference pages), provide subheadings or separate paragraphs for each of the questions listed to help focus your paper for the executives that have requested it. Support your paper with at least two academic sources from the Ashford Library.
You are required to format you paper according to APA style guidelines.
Sources / 5.1 Credibility Questions: 0 of 3 complete (0%) | 0 of 2 correct (0%)
Credibility
When claims are presented to you, evaluate them by asking two key questions:
1. How credible is the claim itself?
2. How credible is the source of the claim?
First, let's consider the credibility of the claim itself. When you're thinking critically, you're evaluating every claim against what you already know to see if it seems plausible or implausible. Consider the following claims:
I can run three miles in 30 minutes.
I can teleport up to 300 meters away.
Does one seem more believable than the other? That's what we mean by considering the credibility of the claim. In fact, the literal meaning of "incredible" is "unbelievable" or "impossible."
You're constantly evaluating claims against things you already know. And the more you know about a topic, the better you can judge a claim's credibility. For example, imagine that your car has developed an odd rattling noise. A mechanic tells you that it's likely the heat shield protecting your catalytic converter. If you don't know exactly what the catalytic converter is or where to find it under the hood, you might run this diagnosis by a trusted friend who has more experience working on cars to see if it sounds credible.
Whenever you're evaluating a claim, keep an eye out for the following:
· Whether evidence is offered to support the claim
· Whether there are any obvious inaccuracies
· Whether the claim is an observation or an inferred conclusion
Every day, according to the Department of Transportation,.
Week 1 Discussion 1Corrections An Overview Please respond .docxcelenarouzie
Here are my responses to the questions posed:
Corporations exercise power over the media through ownership. As the chart shows, just a handful of massive media conglomerates own most of the major news outlets in America. This level of consolidation allows these corporations to influence the types of stories covered and how they are framed. Reporters and editors know their jobs depend on not angering the corporate owners, so they self-censor. Stories that could hurt corporate profits or power are avoided or downplayed.
These media corporations have further consolidated their control by continuing to merge and acquire more outlets. For example, Comcast acquired NBCUniversal in 2011, giving it control of NBC, CNBC, MSNBC and many other properties. Disney purchased 21
Successful College App Essays. Online assignment writing service.Cola Gigli
This document provides steps for requesting assignment writing help from HelpWriting.net:
1. Create an account with a password and email.
2. Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, deadline, and attach a sample if wanting the writer to imitate your style.
3. Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications, history, and feedback, then pay a deposit to start the assignment.
4. Review the completed paper and authorize final payment if satisfied, or request free revisions. HelpWriting.net guarantees original, high-quality content or a full refund.
The document discusses identifying and evaluating claims. It provides examples of claims and explains that a claim is a controversial statement used to support an argument. For a claim to be valid, it must be supported by clear evidence. False claims cannot be backed by scientific research or facts. The document emphasizes that opinions are different from claims and that claims require evidence to be considered credible.
How To Write A Critical Analysis Example. How ToCarolina Fox
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net, including creating an account, submitting a request form with instructions and sources, reviewing writer bids and samples, placing a deposit to start the writing, and utilizing free revisions to ensure satisfaction with the final work. Customers are assured of original, high-quality content and refunds for any plagiarized work. The process aims to fully meet customer needs for academic assistance.
The document discusses how rap culture influences black communities. It notes that rap originated in the 1970s as a way for African Americans to express themselves politically or emotionally. Over time, rap stars became fashion icons, promoting expensive lifestyles that fans sought to emulate through purchasing trendy but unaffordable items. This exploitation of black communities promotes unrealistic body goals and financial pressures, as fans aspire to live like their idol rap stars despite often living in poverty.
Essay On Land Pollution In Sanskrit. Online assignment writing service.Allison Gilbert
The passage discusses the Mexican American perception of Mexican immigrants in America. It notes that companies recruiting Mexican workers would often spread stereotypes about Mexicans being genetically suited for certain jobs. This helped propagate negative ideas about Mexicans and played a role in the Mexican American reception of immigrants. Many Mexican Americans distanced themselves from the stereotypes by emphasizing their American citizenship. As a result, they began rallying for the same immigration restrictions as white Americans, forcing Mexican workers to contend with opposition from Mexican Americans as well as whites in the U.S. Understanding this perspective provides important context for the challenges faced by Mexican immigrants, known as the Mexican Struggle.
You have been hired by Nobody State University (NSU) as a consulta.docxjeffevans62972
You have been hired by Nobody State University (NSU) as a consultant to help the university with how to increase their total revenue. The university has been struggling in recent years, so they have hired you to help them in their last attempt to find an appropriate solution so that the university can survive.
Raise or Lower Tuition? Suppose that, in an attempt to raise more revenue, Nobody State University increases its tuition.
· Assess a raise in tuition and if it will necessarily result in more revenue.
· Describe the conditions under which revenue will (a) rise, (b) fall, or (c) remain the same.
· Explain the process of revenue at NSU, focusing on the relationship between the increased revenue from students enrolling at NSU despite the higher tuition and the lost revenue from possible lower enrollment.
· If the true price elasticity were (-1.2), discuss what you would suggest the university do to expand revenue.
· Using what you have learned in this course, explain how you would resolve this problem if you were the President of NSU.
In a three- to five-page paper (not including title and reference pages), provide subheadings or separate paragraphs for each of the questions listed to help focus your paper for the executives that have requested it. Support your paper with at least two academic sources from the Ashford Library.
You are required to format you paper according to APA style guidelines.
Sources / 5.1 Credibility Questions: 0 of 3 complete (0%) | 0 of 2 correct (0%)
Credibility
When claims are presented to you, evaluate them by asking two key questions:
1. How credible is the claim itself?
2. How credible is the source of the claim?
First, let's consider the credibility of the claim itself. When you're thinking critically, you're evaluating every claim against what you already know to see if it seems plausible or implausible. Consider the following claims:
I can run three miles in 30 minutes.
I can teleport up to 300 meters away.
Does one seem more believable than the other? That's what we mean by considering the credibility of the claim. In fact, the literal meaning of "incredible" is "unbelievable" or "impossible."
You're constantly evaluating claims against things you already know. And the more you know about a topic, the better you can judge a claim's credibility. For example, imagine that your car has developed an odd rattling noise. A mechanic tells you that it's likely the heat shield protecting your catalytic converter. If you don't know exactly what the catalytic converter is or where to find it under the hood, you might run this diagnosis by a trusted friend who has more experience working on cars to see if it sounds credible.
Whenever you're evaluating a claim, keep an eye out for the following:
· Whether evidence is offered to support the claim
· Whether there are any obvious inaccuracies
· Whether the claim is an observation or an inferred conclusion
Every day, according to the Department of Transportation,.
Week 1 Discussion 1Corrections An Overview Please respond .docxcelenarouzie
Here are my responses to the questions posed:
Corporations exercise power over the media through ownership. As the chart shows, just a handful of massive media conglomerates own most of the major news outlets in America. This level of consolidation allows these corporations to influence the types of stories covered and how they are framed. Reporters and editors know their jobs depend on not angering the corporate owners, so they self-censor. Stories that could hurt corporate profits or power are avoided or downplayed.
These media corporations have further consolidated their control by continuing to merge and acquire more outlets. For example, Comcast acquired NBCUniversal in 2011, giving it control of NBC, CNBC, MSNBC and many other properties. Disney purchased 21
Successful College App Essays. Online assignment writing service.Cola Gigli
This document provides steps for requesting assignment writing help from HelpWriting.net:
1. Create an account with a password and email.
2. Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, deadline, and attach a sample if wanting the writer to imitate your style.
3. Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications, history, and feedback, then pay a deposit to start the assignment.
4. Review the completed paper and authorize final payment if satisfied, or request free revisions. HelpWriting.net guarantees original, high-quality content or a full refund.
The document discusses identifying and evaluating claims. It provides examples of claims and explains that a claim is a controversial statement used to support an argument. For a claim to be valid, it must be supported by clear evidence. False claims cannot be backed by scientific research or facts. The document emphasizes that opinions are different from claims and that claims require evidence to be considered credible.
How To Write A Critical Analysis Example. How ToCarolina Fox
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net, including creating an account, submitting a request form with instructions and sources, reviewing writer bids and samples, placing a deposit to start the writing, and utilizing free revisions to ensure satisfaction with the final work. Customers are assured of original, high-quality content and refunds for any plagiarized work. The process aims to fully meet customer needs for academic assistance.
The document discusses how rap culture influences black communities. It notes that rap originated in the 1970s as a way for African Americans to express themselves politically or emotionally. Over time, rap stars became fashion icons, promoting expensive lifestyles that fans sought to emulate through purchasing trendy but unaffordable items. This exploitation of black communities promotes unrealistic body goals and financial pressures, as fans aspire to live like their idol rap stars despite often living in poverty.
Essay On Land Pollution In Sanskrit. Online assignment writing service.Allison Gilbert
The passage discusses the Mexican American perception of Mexican immigrants in America. It notes that companies recruiting Mexican workers would often spread stereotypes about Mexicans being genetically suited for certain jobs. This helped propagate negative ideas about Mexicans and played a role in the Mexican American reception of immigrants. Many Mexican Americans distanced themselves from the stereotypes by emphasizing their American citizenship. As a result, they began rallying for the same immigration restrictions as white Americans, forcing Mexican workers to contend with opposition from Mexican Americans as well as whites in the U.S. Understanding this perspective provides important context for the challenges faced by Mexican immigrants, known as the Mexican Struggle.
The document discusses Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory of criminology. The theory asserts that criminal behavior is learned through association with others who communicate criminal values and attitudes. It argues that influences from outside parties, such as peers, impact an individual's choices and decision-making when it comes to criminal behavior rather than individuals making fully independent choices regardless of external influences.
Top 3 Best Research Paper Writing Services Online - The Jerusalem PostTasha Holloway
Here are some examples of discourse communities I am part of:
- College students at my university. As a student, I am part of the discourse community of my college. We share experiences related to academics, campus life, and being young adults pursuing higher education.
- Artists in my local community. I am an amateur painter and enjoy learning from other local artists. We communicate through a shared interest in visual art and often discuss techniques, styles, and find inspiration from each other.
- Online gaming community. As an avid gamer, I am part of virtual communities centered around specific games. We interact regularly to discuss gameplay, strategies, and share news about the games.
- Language learners. I am currently
Formidable How To Write A Good Abstract Example IntScott Donald
The document provides instructions for creating an account on the HelpWriting.net site to request writing assistance. It explains that individuals can complete an order form with their writing needs and deadline, and writers will bid on the request. The customer can then choose a writer, make a deposit, and receive their completed paper which they can request revisions on until satisfied.
This document discusses the logical fallacy of overgeneralizing. It provides examples of statements that overgeneralize based on small, unrepresentative samples. Readers are encouraged to avoid making sweeping generalizations and to consider whether evidence is representative of the whole group when evaluating arguments. The document aims to help students identify overgeneralizing and improve their ability to detect logical fallacies in arguments.
Sample Narrative Essay. Online assignment writing service.Ashley Smith
- Louis Riel was a national hero to the Métis people of Canada for defending their rights. He formed the Comité National des Métis and provisional government at Fort Garry to negotiate with the Canadian government.
- When negotiations failed, he had Thomas Scott executed in order to establish authority, though this was also controversial.
- Riel played a key role in negotiating the Manitoba Act and establishing the province of Manitoba, gaining rights and recognition for the Métis people. However, his actions also generated opposition and controversy.
The prompt asks for a comparison between the characters of Perseus from Clash of the Titans and Odysseus from Homer's Odyssey. Both characters pursue dangerous quests - Perseus seeks Medusa's head to defeat the Kraken, while Odysseus faces many obstacles on his long journey home after the Trojan War. However, their motivations differ - Perseus acts to avenge his family, while Odysseus simply wants to return to his wife and kingdom.
Argumentative Essay On Should Smoking Be Banned In Public PlacesDianne Aldrian
The document provides instructions for creating an account and submitting a request for writing assistance on the HelpWriting.net website. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions until satisfied, with a refund option for plagiarism.
Free Time Activities Essay In Hindi. Online assignment writing service.Kari Lowry
Dimmesdale experiences strange new feelings about himself and inner turmoil. He encounters various people in the woods who he desires to speak ungodly oaths to, including a church elder, elderly widow, young woman convert, sailor, and children. He struggles with self-control. Dimmesdale then meets Mistress Hibbins and Chillingworth, before returning to town feeling like a changed man, unable to recognize himself.
Cosmological argument essay Religious Studies - A Level A Levels AQA .... Explain the Cosmological argument for the existence of God. - A-Level .... Explain The Cosmological Argument For The Existence Of Essay .... Cosmological argument model essay: - Document in A Level and IB .... Explain aquinas cosmological argument essay. Explain Key Criticisms .... Cosmological argument essay. Cosmological Argument Essay RSS03 - A-Level Religious Studies .... Explain The Cosmological Argument - GCSE Religious Studies Philosophy .... Cosmological Argument Lesson: What is the Cosmological Argument .... Cosmological Argument Teaching Resources. Design/Cosmological argument Essay/RS/A Teaching Resources. Cosmological argument essay conclusion, The Cosmological Argument: The .... Outline the Cosmological Argument for the existence of God. - A-Level .... OCR Cosmological Argument Essay Teaching Resources. Cosmological Argument - Philosophy A Level. PPT - The Cosmological Argument PowerPoint Presentation, free download .... Cosmological Argument Introduction Resources Teaching Resources. Cosmological Arguments - YouTube. Essay cosmological argument - dissertationsmean.x.fc2.com. What are the key ideas of the cosmological argument? - A-Level .... The Cosmological Argument Poster Philosophy Challenge. In Defense of the Kalam Cosmological Argument Free Essay Example. Cosmological Argument ESSAY PLAN - OCR Religious Studies A Level NEW .... Introduction to the Cosmological Argument - Useful both GCSE A-level .... Cosmological Argument Essay A-Level Philosophy Teaching Resources. The Kalam Cosmological Argument Cosmological argument, Teleological .... THE COSMOLOGICAL ARGUMENT Cosmological argument, Teleological .... Cosmological ESSAY PLANS Arguments From Observation- Philosophy ... Cosmological Argument Essay Cosmological Argument Essay
Here are the key character traits of Harley Quinn based on the information provided:
- Intelligent - Graduated from university with a PhD in psychiatry.
- Ambitious - Worked hard to achieve her educational goals.
- Naive - Initially she was deceived by the Joker into believing his manipulations.
- Impulsive - Her impulsive actions led her down a path of crime against her initial career goals.
- Loyal - Remains devoted to the Joker despite his abuse and mistreatment of her.
- Emotionally volatile - Prone to extremes of emotion in her devotion to the Joker and reactions.
- Reckless - Her criminal activities show a
Analytical Essay Macbeth Ambition. Online assignment writing service.Tonya Jackson
The document discusses Sophocles' play Antigone and how it relates to the concept of justice and vengeance. It notes that justice can take different forms like reparations, atonement, and vengeance depending on culture and moral beliefs. While some like reparations and atonement are more morally accepted, vengeance has negative connotations. The document suggests Antigone explores how those who have been wronged may seek vengeance in the form of karma by doing the same or worse to those who disrespected them. It begins analyzing how this theme is portrayed in the play and relates it to a Criminal Minds episode plot.
1. A solution of imine (L3) was slowly added to a solution of palladium(II) chloride and lithium chloride in methanol.
2. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours to form a yellow precipitate.
3. The precipitate was filtered, washed, dried under vacuum to obtain the final product [Pd(HL)2Cl2] (C3) in 87% yield.
1. The establishment of programs for deaf and blind students at Columbia University in 1864 marked the beginning of higher education opportunities for students with disabilities in the US.
2. Federal funding to support veterans with disabilities after World Wars I and II, as well as the disability rights movement, led to new protections and support services on college campuses.
3. Over time, students with disabilities transitioned from marginalized, experimental programs into mainstream student affairs and higher education due to changing laws and institutional responses.
This linguistics lecture discusses logical fallacies of insufficient evidence, including inappropriate appeals to authority where the cited authority is unreliable, appeals to ignorance based on lack of evidence, false alternatives that pose false dichotomies
This linguistics lecture discusses logical fallacies of insufficient evidence, including inappropriate appeals to authority where the cited authority is unreliable, appeals to ignorance based on lack of evidence, false alternatives that pose false dichotomies
This document provides an overview and examples of logical fallacies of insufficient evidence, including inappropriate appeal to authority, appeal to ignorance, false alternatives, loaded questions, questionable cause, hasty generalization, slippery slope, and weak analogy. It defines each fallacy and gives examples to illustrate situations that would constitute each fallacy. The document is intended to help the reader understand and identify these common fallacies of reasoning.
This linguistics lecture discusses logical fallacies of insufficient evidence, including inappropriate appeals to authority where the cited authority is unreliable, appeals to ignorance based on lack of evidence, false alternatives that pose false dichotomies
How To Write A Financial Analysis Paper - The World Financial ReviewShannon Olsen
The document provides steps for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net:
1. Create an account with a password and email.
2. Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, deadline, and attaching a sample for style imitation.
3. Review bids from writers for the request, choose one based on qualifications, order history, and feedback, then pay a deposit to start.
4. Review the paper upon completion and authorize final payment if pleased, or request revisions using the free revision policy.
Electricity Load Shedding In Pakistan Essay In EnglishSharon Lopez
This document discusses three critics - Stempel, Rosenberg, and McCloskey - and their differing interpretations of Iago's motives in Shakespeare's play Othello. Stempel views Iago as purely evil, while Rosenberg argues he is a more complex, cunning character. McCloskey believes Iago sought justice that got out of hand. After examining their papers, the document concludes Iago had built-up jealousy and hatred towards Othello and Cassio due to harming his reputation, and sought revenge through his actions in the play.
This document outlines the design of a case study to analyze the effects of Antaquil versus placebo on cravings in individuals with alcohol dependence. The design calls for a double-blind, randomized study involving multiple outpatient clinics. Qualifying participants will be randomly assigned to receive either Antaquil or placebo. Researchers will assess and compare craving levels between the two groups using a two sample t-test to analyze differences in means. The goal is to determine if Antaquil is effective at minimizing alcohol cravings.
InstructionsYou are to create YOUR OWN example of each of t.docxvanesaburnand
Instructions:
You are to create YOUR OWN example of each of the devices. One example per device. Please underline your example in each sentence.
Example:
1. The girl ran
as
fast
as
a cheetah in the relay race. (Simile)
2.
Ouch!
I hurt my hand moving the chair away from the desk. (Onomatopoeia)
.
InstructionsYou are a research group from BSocialMarketing, LLC.docxvanesaburnand
Instructions:
You are a research group from BSocialMarketing, LLC. -a marketing consulting company that evaluates the effectiveness of clients’ social media activities/ websites.
As a group, you will
select a publicly-traded company
and
analyze the social media
aspects of that company.
Overview:
Over the last several years, more companies have begun to use social media as part of their overall communication and marketing strategies, and you have been asked to investigate…
how successful is their social media campaign,
what are the current trends,
how companies have changed the way they do business,
and what the future looks like in the context of social media use.
Objective of research:
Investigate how your selected company is using social media to enhance communications and business interactions within the company (internal communication: Employee) and externally with partners, vendors, customers, and the community. Social media includes but not limit to: Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, YouTube, etc.…
Investigate the individual company by asking…
What specific examples and details is the company using social media?
How are they being implemented? Is there a strategy?
What are their objectives?
Are they successful?
What results have they seen that can specifically be tied to social media? Increase in revenue or customer satisfaction?
What improvements could they make?
.
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- Louis Riel was a national hero to the Métis people of Canada for defending their rights. He formed the Comité National des Métis and provisional government at Fort Garry to negotiate with the Canadian government.
- When negotiations failed, he had Thomas Scott executed in order to establish authority, though this was also controversial.
- Riel played a key role in negotiating the Manitoba Act and establishing the province of Manitoba, gaining rights and recognition for the Métis people. However, his actions also generated opposition and controversy.
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Dimmesdale experiences strange new feelings about himself and inner turmoil. He encounters various people in the woods who he desires to speak ungodly oaths to, including a church elder, elderly widow, young woman convert, sailor, and children. He struggles with self-control. Dimmesdale then meets Mistress Hibbins and Chillingworth, before returning to town feeling like a changed man, unable to recognize himself.
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- Ambitious - Worked hard to achieve her educational goals.
- Naive - Initially she was deceived by the Joker into believing his manipulations.
- Impulsive - Her impulsive actions led her down a path of crime against her initial career goals.
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1. A solution of imine (L3) was slowly added to a solution of palladium(II) chloride and lithium chloride in methanol.
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This linguistics lecture discusses logical fallacies of insufficient evidence, including inappropriate appeals to authority where the cited authority is unreliable, appeals to ignorance based on lack of evidence, false alternatives that pose false dichotomies
This linguistics lecture discusses logical fallacies of insufficient evidence, including inappropriate appeals to authority where the cited authority is unreliable, appeals to ignorance based on lack of evidence, false alternatives that pose false dichotomies
This document provides an overview and examples of logical fallacies of insufficient evidence, including inappropriate appeal to authority, appeal to ignorance, false alternatives, loaded questions, questionable cause, hasty generalization, slippery slope, and weak analogy. It defines each fallacy and gives examples to illustrate situations that would constitute each fallacy. The document is intended to help the reader understand and identify these common fallacies of reasoning.
This linguistics lecture discusses logical fallacies of insufficient evidence, including inappropriate appeals to authority where the cited authority is unreliable, appeals to ignorance based on lack of evidence, false alternatives that pose false dichotomies
How To Write A Financial Analysis Paper - The World Financial ReviewShannon Olsen
The document provides steps for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net:
1. Create an account with a password and email.
2. Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, deadline, and attaching a sample for style imitation.
3. Review bids from writers for the request, choose one based on qualifications, order history, and feedback, then pay a deposit to start.
4. Review the paper upon completion and authorize final payment if pleased, or request revisions using the free revision policy.
Electricity Load Shedding In Pakistan Essay In EnglishSharon Lopez
This document discusses three critics - Stempel, Rosenberg, and McCloskey - and their differing interpretations of Iago's motives in Shakespeare's play Othello. Stempel views Iago as purely evil, while Rosenberg argues he is a more complex, cunning character. McCloskey believes Iago sought justice that got out of hand. After examining their papers, the document concludes Iago had built-up jealousy and hatred towards Othello and Cassio due to harming his reputation, and sought revenge through his actions in the play.
This document outlines the design of a case study to analyze the effects of Antaquil versus placebo on cravings in individuals with alcohol dependence. The design calls for a double-blind, randomized study involving multiple outpatient clinics. Qualifying participants will be randomly assigned to receive either Antaquil or placebo. Researchers will assess and compare craving levels between the two groups using a two sample t-test to analyze differences in means. The goal is to determine if Antaquil is effective at minimizing alcohol cravings.
Similar to CredibilityWhen claims are presented to you, evaluate them by as.docx (20)
InstructionsYou are to create YOUR OWN example of each of t.docxvanesaburnand
Instructions:
You are to create YOUR OWN example of each of the devices. One example per device. Please underline your example in each sentence.
Example:
1. The girl ran
as
fast
as
a cheetah in the relay race. (Simile)
2.
Ouch!
I hurt my hand moving the chair away from the desk. (Onomatopoeia)
.
InstructionsYou are a research group from BSocialMarketing, LLC.docxvanesaburnand
Instructions:
You are a research group from BSocialMarketing, LLC. -a marketing consulting company that evaluates the effectiveness of clients’ social media activities/ websites.
As a group, you will
select a publicly-traded company
and
analyze the social media
aspects of that company.
Overview:
Over the last several years, more companies have begun to use social media as part of their overall communication and marketing strategies, and you have been asked to investigate…
how successful is their social media campaign,
what are the current trends,
how companies have changed the way they do business,
and what the future looks like in the context of social media use.
Objective of research:
Investigate how your selected company is using social media to enhance communications and business interactions within the company (internal communication: Employee) and externally with partners, vendors, customers, and the community. Social media includes but not limit to: Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, YouTube, etc.…
Investigate the individual company by asking…
What specific examples and details is the company using social media?
How are they being implemented? Is there a strategy?
What are their objectives?
Are they successful?
What results have they seen that can specifically be tied to social media? Increase in revenue or customer satisfaction?
What improvements could they make?
.
InstructionsYou are attending an international journalist event.docxvanesaburnand
Instructions:
You are attending an international journalist event and have been chosen to give a presentation of the roles of the media in influencing government and its citizens. Identify and describe the possible roles of the media in influencing government and its citizens using specific descriptive examples.
Please create a PowerPoint presentation to assist you in your presentation. As you complete your presentation, be sure to: Use speaker's notes to expand upon the bullet point main ideas on your slides, making references to research and theory with citation. Proof your work Use visuals (pictures, video, narration, graphs, etc.) to compliment the text in your presentation and to reinforce your content.
Do not just write a paper and copy chunks of it into each slide. Treat this as if you were going to give this presentation live.
Presentation Requirements:
(APA format) Length: 8-10 substantive slides (excluding cover and references slides)
Font should not be smaller than size 16-point Parenthetical in-text citations included and formatted in APA style
References slide (a minimum of 2 outside scholarly sources plus the textbook and/or the weekly lesson for each course outcome)
Title and introduction slide required
.
InstructionsWrite the Organizational section of your project pap.docxvanesaburnand
Instructions
Write the Organizational section of your project paper. This section should be 4 page and include at least 5 APA formatted references one of which may be the company or SBA website depending on your type of project.
This section should include the following:
The organization’s mission and vision (business plan – write a mission statement)
The organization's structure - How does this compare to competitors? Based on the organization's structure - how receptive to change will the organization be?
The management chart showing levels and responsibility. What type of organization is it (matrix, hierarchical or something else?)
A description of employees and/or headcount in the organization:
For the company analysis: How diverse is the company’s workforce? Leadership? Is diversity company-wide or are certain levels or positions more or less diverse than others?
For the business plan: how will you incorporate diversity into your organization?
Discussion of concepts such as leadership, management, and role theories - how they are reflected in the organization?
.
InstructionsWrite a two-page (double spaced, Times New Roman S.docxvanesaburnand
Instructions
Write
a two-page (double spaced, Times New Roman Size 12) response to
one
of the following questions. Cite the week’s readings at least
twice
in your answer from
The Human Condition by
Hannah, Arendt. The University of Chicago Press; 2nd edition
Questions:
Define Labor, Work, and Action from the perspective of Arendt.
Where does politics fall for Arendt; the public or the private?
How are necessity and Action related to one another for Arendt?
.
InstructionsWrite a thesis statement in response to the topi.docxvanesaburnand
Instructions
Write a thesis statement in response to the topic:
Should world leaders use a pandemic crisis brought about by a killer virus to boost their own popularity?
To help you organize your paper, compose a topic sentence for each point in the thesis.
.
InstructionsWhat You will choose a current issue of social.docxvanesaburnand
Instructions:
What:
You will choose a current issue of social justice, research it, and write an analysis of the topic, using support from your research, and including knowledge gained and referenced from your textbook.
How:
should be 4-6 pages in length, double spaced, Times New Roman, 12 point font. Should include a title page and a reference page (these two pages are not included in the required 5-6 pages).
Some questions to consider while researching and writing about your topic:
• Why is this topic controversial?
• What are some of the causes?
• What are some of the effects?
• Who does it affect? (who = social class, race/ethnicity, age range)
• Is it happening all over the U.S., or are there regions where it is more of (or less of) an issue?
• What needs to happen for it to change?
• What is being done about it? What is NOT being done about it?
• Who (person, group or organization) might have the power to improve or fix it?
The Textbook is:
Making a Difference: Using Sociology to Create a Better World, 1st ed.
By: Michael Schwalbe
Please let me know if it is needed and I will try and upload the textbook
.
InstructionsWrite a paper about the International Monetary Syste.docxvanesaburnand
Instructions
Write a paper about the International Monetary System that addresses each of the following issues:
· Define the International Monetary System and outline the history of the system.
· Describe and provide examples of what is meant by “currency regimes,” and define selected types of regimes and form an argument for selecting fixed exchange rate and arguments for selecting flexible exchange rates.
· Describe and define the creation of the Euro and discuss the benefits as well as the problems associated with the creation of this currency.
Support your paper with at least five (5) resources. In addition to these specified resources, other appropriate scholarly resources, including older articles, may be included. Your paper should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts that are presented in the course and provide new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic. Your response should reflect scholarly writing and current APA standards.
Length: 5-7 pages (not including title and reference pages).
Eiteman, D., Stonehill, M., & Moffett, M. (2016). Multinational business finance. Boston, MA: Prentice-Hall.
Read Chapters 1, 2
This is a major resource, however, I think the assignment can be accomplished without it. I can’t seem to be able to download the book.
The global company's challenge.
Authors:
Dewhurst, Martin1
Harris, Jonathan2
Heywood, Suzanne
Aquila, Kate
Source:
McKinsey Quarterly. 2012, Issue 3, p76-80. 5p.
Document Type:
Article
Subject Terms:
*International business enterprises
*Emerging markets
*Economies of scale
*Contracting out
*Risk management in business
*Business models
*Executives
*Financial leverage
*Globalization
*Research & development
Developing countries
Company/Entity:
International Monetary Fund DUNS Number: 069275188
Aditya Birla Management Corp. Pvt. Ltd.
International Business Machines Corp. DUNS Number: 001368083 Ticker: IBM
NAICS/Industry Codes:
919110 International and other extra-territorial public administration
928120 International Affairs
541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology)
541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology
Abstract:
The article focuses on the management of risks, costs, and strategies by international businesses in emerging markets. It states that the International Monetary Fund reported that the ten fastest-growing economies after 2012 will all be in developing countries. It mentions that technology company International Business Machines expects by 2015 to earn 30 percent of revenues in emerging markets compared to 17 percent in 2009, while Indian multinational conglomerate Aditya Birla Group earns over half of its revenue outside India and has operations in 40 nations. It talks about the benefit of economies of scale in shared services enjoyed by large global companies and comments that the ability to outsource business services and manufacturing is benefiting local busine.
InstructionsWrite a comprehensive medical report on a disease we.docxvanesaburnand
This document provides instructions for a medical student to write a 4-6 page report in APA format on one of several diseases studied, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, appendicitis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, myocardial infarction, digitalis or hypertension. The report should include relevant medical history, testing/diagnostics, treatment options and a recommended plan of action for the chosen disease. Students are directed to submit their report as a Microsoft Word document to the designated Submissions Area by the assigned due date.
InstructionsWhether you believe” in evolution or not, why is it.docxvanesaburnand
Instructions
Whether you “believe” in evolution or not, why is it important to be knowledgeable about Darwin's theory? How might genetics and evolution apply to our modern society when we consider the differences between people? Should we stratify people based on intelligence or other specific qualities? Have you observed traits in your parents that you do not like and see them in yourself? (You do not have to be specific about personal issues but can write about issues in a general sense.)Your journal entry must be at least 200 words in length. No references or citations are necessary.
.
InstructionsWe have been looking at different psychological .docxvanesaburnand
This document provides instructions to analyze Michelle Obama's social media accounts using various psychological theories including schema/script theory, cultivation theory, agenda-setting theory, social learning theory, and uses and gratifications theory. The analysis should include an introduction of Michelle Obama and her social media use, examples of how each theory applies to her social media accounts, and conclusions.
InstructionsThis written assignment requires the student to inve.docxvanesaburnand
Instructions
This written assignment requires the student to investigate his/her local, state and federal legislators and explore their assigned committees and legislative commitments. The student is expected to investigate current and actual legislative initiatives that have either passed or pending approval by the house, senate or Governor’s office. The student will draft a letter to a specific legislator and offer support or constructive argument against pending policy or legislation. The letter must be supported with a minimum of 3 evidence based primary citations. (See Rubric)
.
InstructionsThe Art Form Most Meaningful to MePick the form .docxvanesaburnand
Instructions
The Art Form Most Meaningful to Me
Pick the form of cultural expression most important to you. It could be music, theater, dance, visual arts—whatever excites and/or inspires you most. Describe:
Its most significant characteristics (e.g., visual, audio, etc.)
Your favorite artists in this art, and why.
The one example of this art that inspires you most.
500 words
.
InstructionsThink of a specific topic and two specific kin.docxvanesaburnand
Instructions
Think of a specific topic and two specific kinds of audiences.
Then write a short example (150–200 words) of how this topic might be presented to each of the two audiences.
How does the intended audience influence the choice of words and use of language in a document?
.
InstructionsThere are different approaches to gathering risk da.docxvanesaburnand
Instructions:
There are different approaches to gathering risk data which include qualitative and quantitative data collection.
Select three limitations to traditional cost risk analysis. Explain in 250 words how qualitative and quantitative data collection are different. Also, discuss how the risk driver approach can be useful in minimizing the limitation to traditional cost risk analysis.
Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.
.
InstructionsThe Public Archaeology Presentation invites you.docxvanesaburnand
Instructions
The Public Archaeology Presentation invites you to evaluate the public archaeology outreach of a site such as an archaeological excavation that is open to the public, an outdoor museum that is hosting or has hosted archaeological excavations, a museum with archaeological collections, etc.* Using the insight you have gained in this course about important topics in archaeology such as archaeological method and theory, subsistence, cultural patterns in prehistory, and environmental interaction, evaluate the ways in which, at the site you have chosen, the knowledge gained from archaeological excavations is being used, or is not being used, to highlight and address issues in the local, regional, or global communities. For example, current issues often addressed in public archaeology include historic preservation, economic growth, environmental degradation, looting, STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) education, volunteer opportunities, and more. You will present your findings to your classmates in the Week 8 Public Archaeology discussion in the form of a multimedia presentation.
Any of the sites listed above are ideal for this project. If you are considering a site and are unsure whether it would be suitable for the Public Archaeology Presentation, discuss the site with your instructor. If you are having trouble locating archaeological excavations or museums in your area, check with your local Chamber of Commerce or Tourism Bureau or the Anthropology department/professor at the nearest college or university. Some small sites have limited funding and are not able to advertise extensively.
Guidelines
Your assignment will take the form of a multimedia presentation, such as a YouTube video, blog, PowerPoint presentation, etc. Ideally, your presentation will include audio, but if this is not possible, your presentation must include sufficient text to explain your findings and conclusions.
By Wednesday of Week 8, you will submit a short introduction and a link to your presentation in a designated discussion area AND in the Assignments Folder (this allows me to provide you with private feedback and a grade). Your presentation must be shared online, but you may choose how to do so. There are many free tools out there. Check out the following website for some ideas:
http://blog.crazyegg.com/2013/05/28/online-presentation-tools/
.
Speak and/or write professionally using standard English. If speaking, pay attention to correct grammar and enunciation. If writing, check your spelling and grammar carefully. Poor grammar, spelling, and/or enunciation may affect your grade.
Your presentation must include a written References section in proper citation format detailing the sources you used.
Initial Research
Once you have chosen a site and your instructor has approved it, conduct research using the UMUC Library databases, the internet, and other sources (nearby public librarie.
InstructionsThe tools of formal analysis are the starting point .docxvanesaburnand
Instructions
The tools of formal analysis are the starting point for understanding any work of art; these tools help you realize how a work of art was made and develop a deeper appreciation of it.
Step 1: Examine
Choose a work of art (1.3.6 (Caravaggio p. 79);
or
2.2.27 (Baca p. 224);
or
4.1.13 (Rivera p. 576)).
Start your formal analysis by taking a long look at the artwork using Part I of this book, the elements and principles of art as they relate to your chosen work.
Step 2: Write
Work of Art information:
State the title, artist, date, dimensions, and medium (what it is made of).
State the name of the exhibition in which the work was displayed/ where the artwork is located
Draft a thorough, detailed description of the work of art you chose.
Be sure to:
Write your
formal analysis
. Visually analyze and describe the contents of the work of art. Apply a minimum of 5 elements
and
5 principles of art vocabulary words as you discuss the art.
Include an additional
method of analysis
that is discussed in chapter 1.10 (Learning Module 2.5) to guide your research in order to understand why the artwork was made and what its message is.
Investigate the artist’s life when the work was created. Delve into the time and place in which he or she lived.
What symbols did the artist use, and what was his or her state of mind? Recognize that some artworks are meant to convey distinct messages, which were clear to their contemporary audiences.
Step 3:
Organize your findings into a combined analysis paper
using MLA format
. Your analysis should be a minimum of 800 words.
Use reliable sources. Include your research, as well as your own opinions, to form your interpretation of the artwork.
Before you submit... make sure that you have the following:
Formal analysis of the work of art selected
Identify and discuss one additional mode of analysis
The analysis length should be 3 - 5 pages
Use MLA format (Times New Roman 12 point size font, double-spaced, appropriate in-text citations, Works Cited page, etc...)
Cite external sources
Similarity Report must within 0-10%
.
InstructionsThe Homeland Security (DHS) agency is intended t.docxvanesaburnand
The document provides instructions for a 10-12 page paper on the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) structure, capabilities, areas for improvement regarding counter-terrorism efforts, and how it works with intelligence agencies. It asks the writer to analyze DHS capabilities to determine the most likely types of attacks, identify DHS strengths and weaknesses, examine inter-agency cooperation, and summarize findings and recommendations in a 2-page executive brief. It also prompts drafting a thesis statement on the topic of increasing threats in cyberspace.
InstructionsThe student should describe how learning abou.docxvanesaburnand
Instructions:
The student should describe how learning about entrepreneurship would help them (a) know more about themselves, (b) identify their purpose in life, and (c) identify how they could positively transform the world.
To answer, the student must:
to. Use a maximum of 150 words
b. Choose font size 12 points Times New Roman or Arial
c. Separate lines to space and a half (1.5)
d. Validate your answer using at least two references
and. Include bibliography of references at the end of the forum
.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
CredibilityWhen claims are presented to you, evaluate them by as.docx
1. Credibility
When claims are presented to you, evaluate them by asking two
key questions:
1. How credible is the claim itself?
2. How credible is the source of the claim?
First, let’s consider the credibility of the claim itself. When
you’re thinking critically, you’re evaluating every claim against
what you already know to see if it seems plausible or
implausible. Consider the following claims:
I can run three miles in 30 minutes.
I can teleport up to 300 meters away.
Does one seem more believable than the other? That’s what we
mean by considering the credibility of the claim. In fact, the
literal meaning of “incredible” is “unbelievable” or
“impossible.”
You’re constantly evaluating claims against things you already
know. And the more you know about a topic, the better you can
judge a claim’s credibility. For example, imagine that your car
has developed an odd rattling noise. A mechanic tells you that
it’s likely the heat shield protecting your catalytic converter. If
you don’t know exactly what the catalytic converter is or where
to find it under the hood, you might run this diagnosis by a
trusted friend who has more experience working on cars to see
if it sounds credible.
Whenever you’re evaluating a claim, keep an eye out for the
following:
· Whether evidence is offered to support the claim
· Whether there are any obvious inaccuracies
· Whether the claim is an observation or an inferred conclusion
Every day, according to the Department of Transportation, 1.73
million people travel on domestic flights in the United States.
And every day, airlines dispense more than 10 million plastic
cups to these passengers—cups that go straight into our
landfills.
2. Does this sound credible? There are three claims here. First, do
you find the Department of Transportation credible? If you do a
quick search, you’ll find that the website of the Bureau of
Transportation Statistics does in fact provide this exact
information. Now, based on your personal experience with air
travel, does it seem likely that each passenger uses about five
cups when they fly? Finally, do all airlines throw away these
cups or do some of them have recycling programs? These are
the kinds of questions to ask when sizing up the credibility of a
claim.
Answer the following questions about the material above.
Multiple Choice Question
A credible claim has which of the following characteristics?
· It uses inductive reasoning to reach a conclusion.
· It appears to be plausibly true.
· It contains premises and a conclusion.
· It is unexpected and memorable.
Multiple Choice Question
Marcus claims that if you have diabetes, you should avoid
starchy foods like bread and potatoes. Which of the following
situations would MOST likely make you question the credibility
of his claim?
· Several of your family members have diabetes and were told
by their doctors that starch-heavy foods can be incorporated
into a healthy diabetic diet.
· You remember seeing a news report on television that
highlighted several studies showing a link between diabetes and
the consumption of starchy foods.
· Marcus is a diabetic himself and had a number of diabetes-
related health problems when he ate too many starchy foods.
· Marcus cites a number of peer-reviewed sources to back up his
claim.
· Response Board Question
Top of Form
Your friend tells you that neutron stars have an escape velocity
of twice the speed of light. How would you go about
3. determining whether or not her claim is credible? Practice:
Credibility
How Much Do We Waste?
Forty percent of the food we produce in this country never gets
eaten.
Your junk mail alone adds 39 pounds of garbage to the landfill
every year.
Somewhere between 500 billion and one trillion plastic bags are
consumed worldwide each year.
Shocking statistics can be an impressive way to get people’s
attention and motivate them into action on behalf of a good
cause. But as with any claim, it’s worth investigating these
stated facts rather than taking them at face value. In the
following activity, you will look at several different websites to
explore the credibility of claims about waste.
Use the embedded links to answer the questions below.
The first step to evaluating credibility is to ask yourself whether
or not the claim seems believable at first glance.
Poll Question
Suppose you hear someone say that people in the United States
throw away 250 million tons of garbage each year. Off the top
of your head, how credible does this claim seem?
Top of Form
· Very credible
· Credible
· Not sure
· Not very credible
· Not credible at all
Bottom of Form
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Sometimes numerical claims are easier to evaluate when you do
the math and break down exactly what the claim is saying.
Multiple Choice Question
According to the U.S. Census, there were approximately 309
4. million people in the United States in 2010. If the statistic about
Americans throwing away 250 million tons of garbage per year
is true, roughly how much trash would each person be throwing
away each year, on average?
· a little less than ten tons per person
· a little less than one hundred tons per person
· a little less than half of a ton per person
· a little less than one ton per person
When you’re investigating a claim about which you have very
little background information, websites like Wikipedia can
often serve as good starting points to find out more information.
Multiple Choice Question
Look at the Wikipedia entry on Landfills in the United States.
According to this page, how much trash did Americans produce
in 2010?
· about 250 tons of trash
· about 250 million tons of trash
· about 350 million tons of trash
· about 150 tons of trash
Because websites like Wikipedia rely on user-written and user-
edited content, to investigate further, you want to find out
where Wikipedia got this information to better determine if it’s
accurate.
Multiple Choice Question
The footnote accompanying that particular statistic goes to the
Landfills page of the EPA’s website. What does this webpage
say about how much trash Americans generate per year?
· It does not provide any statistics about how much trash
Americans generate each year.
· It says that Americans generate 100 million tons of trash each
year.
· It says that Americans generate 250 tons of trash each year.
· It says that Americans generate 258 million tons of trash each
year.
· Response Board Question
Top of Form
5. Knowing what you know now, do you think this claim is
credible? If not, what other information would you need before
you’d accept it as definite fact?
To recap, here is a list of basic steps to follow when
investigating a claim:
1. Ask yourself if the claim sounds credible off the top of your
head.
2. Think about what the claim is actually stating, doing the math
if necessary.
3. Look up the claim on the Internet to see where it came from.
4. Once you find the claim, check if the website references a
source.
5. If the website does provide references, investigate those
websites for credibility.
Use the steps above to investigate the following claim.
· Response Board Question
Top of Form
As you’re browsing the web, you come across this site, which
claims that Americans throw away 2.5 million plastic bottles
every hour. Go through the first three steps from above. Using
just that information, explain why you believe (or don’t believe)
this claim. Experts
As we said previously, when claims are presented to you, you
should evaluate them with two questions:
1. How credible is the claim itself?
2. How credible is the source of the claim?
Now let’s take up the challenge of evaluating a source. This
process also relies on two essential questions:
1. Is the source likely to have accurate information and
authentic knowledge?
2. Is there reason to think that the source might be intentionally
misleading?Expertise
An expert is someone who knows more than most people about a
specific subject. We can’t be knowledgeable about everything,
so we look to experts for guidance. Expert opinion doesn’t
guarantee truth, but it is usually a reliable guide to it. You must
6. have good reasons to be skeptical of a claim held by experts in
the field.
If you’re having trouble deciding if someone is truly an expert,
here are some things to look for:
· Education from reputable institutions or in relevant programs
· Experience—the more in the field, the better
· Professional accomplishments that are directly relevant
· Reputation among peersLimits of Expertise
Expertise adds credibility, but it only goes so far. As a critical
thinker, you’ll want to keep an eye out for the ways that the
credibility of experts is damaged.
Expertise loses credibility when the expert
· makes a claim outside their area of expertise (remember the
fallacy of unqualified authority);
· makes simple factual errors or mistakes in logic or reasoning;
· seems to be speaking from an emotional orientation;
· has a clear conflict of interests (e.g., being paid to present a
specific view);
· doesn't provide sufficient support for tenuous claims; or
· holds a view in direct opposition to most other experts in the
same subject area.Peer Review
If a medical doctor does research and uncovers, say, a new
method of treating cystic fibrosis, the finding isn’t considered
valid until it has been reviewed by other doctors specializing in
this same field. This is called peer review, and it’s used in
numerous disciplines.
When reviewing a peer’s work, scholars are typically checking
to see that the author knows what he or she is talking about, has
taken into account previous work in the field, and has added
something new to the conversation about the topic.
Professional communities often publish journals that include
only peer-reviewed articles as the official means of “certifying”
new information as credible. This is most common with
scientific research, academic scholarship, and professional
journals. A peer-reviewed journal is typically your best source
for the most credible information in such fields.News
7. For more general information, such as today’s news, our most
credible sources are the major publishers and broadcasters like
the New York Times, the BBC, and National Public Radio.
These organizations are closely watched by competitors, critics,
and colleagues, and the appearance of any false information is
considered scandalous.
When the credibility of these sources is called into question, it
is typically on the basis of the following errors:
· Skewed perspective (i.e., overemphasizing particular issues or
viewpoints)
· Missing information
· Unprofessional reporters
· The profit motive (i.e., advertisers influencing content)
It’s appropriate to be wary of what you see on the news if
something in the report contradicts what you already know with
a reasonable degree of certainty or if support for a claim isn’t
provided. Being human, reporters can
· make mistakes;
· let personal opinions govern how they research, interpret, and
tell a story; or
· use the available information to make inferences that aren’t
justified.
Different news outlets will cover stories in varying depths. For
example, after an eight-hour congressional hearing, NPR will
typically run a five-minute story, while CNN will cover the
same event in 30 seconds. If you find a news story that seems
puzzling to you, the confusion can often be cleared up simply
by finding a source offering deeper coverage.
Answer the following questions about the material above.
Multiple Choice Question
Arlene is a neurologist and claims that if you have less sleep
one night, you’re likely to have more vivid and numerous
dreams the following night. You might be inclined to question
Arlene’s expertise on the subject if you found out which of the
following things?
· The vast majority of neurologists believe that less sleep yields
8. less dreaming the following night.
· Arlene has a PhD and has been certified by the American
Academy of Sleep Medicine.
· Arlene has been working at a sleep research center for the last
12 years.
· Arlene provides support for her claim and cites other well-
respected experts in the field.
Multiple Choice Question
If an article has been peer-reviewed, you can count on which of
the following?
· It probably has a strong bias.
· It is less credible than mainstream news outlets.
· Other experts in the field have assessed it for quality control.
· The facts contained within it are guaranteed to be accurate.
Practice: Experts
Hasty Reporting, Regrettable Mistake
As previously noted, the largest news publishers and
broadcasters are usually very credible. But even giants like NPR
are not infallible. In the following article, Alicia C. Shepherd
describes the events leading to a crucial reporting error during
the coverage of the shooting of Representative Gabrielle
Giffords and the remorse that members of the news organization
felt afterwards.
Read the article below, and then answer the following
questions.
NPR’s Giffords Mistake: Re-Learning the Lesson of Checking
Sources
Multiple Choice Question
What mistake did NPR make when reporting the Giffords story?
· They reported that the gunman had come up to Giffords’s desk
and started shooting people, but he actually used a sniper rifle
from a distance.
· They reported that Giffords had been killed, but she was
actually still alive and in the hospital.
· They reported that Giffords had been shot, but only the people
9. around her had actually been shot.
· They reported that the shooting had taken place in a shopping
center, but it actually took place at a football stadium.
Short Answer Question
For what two reasons was this mistake especially serious?
In this instance, NPR’s blunder was a result of which of the
following mistakes?
· NPR had only one source for the report instead of at least two.
· NPR tried to immediately correct the mistake via email.
· Senior editors were consulted before going on air.
· NPR did not use a source with accurate, firsthand information.
· Response Board Question
Top of Form
The article mentions that other news sources, including CNN,
Fox News, and the New York Times, repeated NPR’s false
story. To what extent do you think these other news
organizations are accountable for the mistake?
Twitter plays a role in the story of this reporting error. How do
you think the rise of social media has impacted source
credibility? On the whole, do you think social media outlets
have helped to challenge questionable claims and hold the
mainstream media accountable, or do they tend to lower the
quality of information by spreading rumors and misinformation
faster? Explain.Bottom of Form
Which of the following BEST describes the writer’s evaluation
of the situation?
· NPR got all the heat for reporting a mistake, but really their
sources should be blamed.
· NPR has lost all credibility and should never be trusted again.
· The scandal was overblown and it wasn’t that big of a deal
that NPR made one small mistake.
· NPR made a terrible, harmful mistake; however, they should
be commended for their willingness to admit fault. Everyone
Else
10. Beyond formal scholarship and major news organizations, there
is an ocean of sources that provide information and, in some
cases, misinformation. In the digital age, literally anyone can
make a claim or offer their opinion on something you’re
interested in.
Which earbuds should I buy?
How big should a chicken coop be?
What is business casual dress?
The most common ways to answer such questions are to ask
friends, seek out people who might know, or look at the top hits
on Google. But how can you tell which sources are most
credible?
Information available on the Internet ranges from personal
webpages expressing the opinion of one person unchecked by
anyone else to digital outlets of the credible journal articles,
experts, and major news organizations we discussed earlier.
When reading (or watching) anything on the web, the questions
you ask should be the same as those that apply in any other
context:
· Who is speaking or writing?
· What is the intended audience?
· Where are they speaking or writing?
· Who has invested the time and/or money to disseminate this?
The answers to these questions help you determine the
perspective of a particular website, page, project, or author.
Knowing the perspective helps you evaluate the claims being
made.
Most information is put out there for a reason, so you can’t
escape the fact that everyone offering information is doing so
with some kind of bias or agenda. Of course, just because they
have a perspective doesn’t necessarily mean the information is
inaccurate. But if you can identify the perspective, you can find
sources with competing perspectives to round out the picture.
For example, in an election between two candidates, you’ll
learn a lot more by looking at both candidates’websites than by
looking at just one and assuming it tells you all you need to
11. know.
It’s also important to be wary of user-written and user-edited
information resources such as Wikipedia, About.com, or Yahoo
Answers. While these sites often come up early on in search
engine results, there is no guarantee that their content is
authored by individuals with genuine expertise on the subject.
These sites can provide fast information for low-stakes
questions (like finding out what films a familiar-looking TV
guest star appeared in) but you should cross-reference the
information with additional resources for any matter of
importance.
The first step in evaluating Internet resources is to start with the
URL or web address of the page you’re looking at. The URL
will offer clues about the website’s type and purpose..com =
commercial site
Some commercial sites are promoting their own business, like
Disney.com. These are perhaps best understood as
advertisements. This doesn’t mean the information they present
is false, but it’s important to understand the perspective of the
site.
Other commercial sites belong to businesses that let people post
whatever they want, such as YouTube.com. These sites rarely
play any role in vouching for the validity of the content on their
site..org = nonprofit site
Most .org sites are hosted by nonprofit organizations, and there
are few nonprofit organizations without some sort of
perspective. So you’ll find different information about gun
control at a site like NRA.org, which is set up to advocate for
the rights of gun owners, than you will at a site like
BradyCampaign.org, which is set up to advocate for tougher
controls on gun ownership..gov = government site
Government sites are those hosted by the government. How
credible you find them may depend on how much you trust
government in general, but most government agencies have an
interest in accurate data themselves and are not motivated to
spread misinformation or deception..edu = educational or
12. academic site
Educational sites belong to an accredited university and
typically provide information about that particular school. Some
of these websites also host pages that offer information about
particular academic topics or research projects of interest to
faculty at the school.
So it’s up to you, as a critical thinker, to ask a few questions:
· What’s the site’s reputation? If you’re not sure, you can
search to see if the site is ever referenced by other sites you
already find credible.
· Is the site well-produced and free of sloppy writing, spelling
errors, and editorial mistakes?
· Does the author or speaker offer any credentials lending
credibility to their claims?
· Could the information be outdated? For example, a 2004
article reviewing the best earbuds on the market is most likely
no longer accurate.
· What person or organization created, sponsors, or vouches for
the credibility of the information on this website or page? And
if they have a strong perspective from one side of a
controversial issue, what other sources could help round out the
picture?
Answer the following questions about the material above.
Multiple Choice Question
Which of the following is the best approach to seeking
information on the Internet?
· If you can tell a website has a bias, assume that its content
isn’t true.
· Take advantage of the information the Internet has to offer,
but approach everything you read with a critical eye.
· Don’t trust any information from online sources, because
anybody can say anything on the Internet.
· Trust everything you read on websites with URLs that end in
.edu, .gov, and .org, and don’t trust what you read on websites
with URLs that end in .com.
Multiple Choice Question
13. Which of the following situations would be the MOST
appropriate use of a user-written reference source like
Wikipedia?
· learning what you need to know about Andrew Jackson so you
can write a research paper evaluating his presidency
· looking up symptoms of a medical condition to determine if
you have a particular disease
· obtaining unbiased reporting of a current event as it’s
happening
· gathering some background information on what mycology is
all about before diving into reading an academic article about
the topic
Multiple Choice Question
Based on its URL alone, you could safely assume that the
website located at http://www.cdkc.edu/ is which of the
following?
· an academic institution’s website
· a nonprofit organization’s website
· a government website
· a commercial webpage Practice: Everyone Else
Fun in the Sun
One of the most common pieces of wisdom is that exposure to
UV rays from the sun can lead to skin cancer—and therefore,
wearing sunscreen and limiting time in the sun are two of the
best safeguards against it. However, in the abundance of
information on the web, you will occasionally find divergent
opinions. When making decisions about your health, it’s
important to critically evaluate your sources. This lesson will
have you evaluate the credibility of websites making claims
about the benefits and dangers of sunscreen use.
While there are many aspects to evaluating websites for
credibility, this activity will focus on a few simple steps:
1. Read the article and identify the claims it is making.
2. Look for what support, if any, is given for the claims.
3. Identify the author and what his or her credentials are.
14. 4. Identify the organization behind the webpage and what their
purpose is.
Read the article at the link below, and then answer the
following questions.
Sunscreen May Not Be Your Friend
Short Answer Question
What basic argument regarding sunscreen does this author
make?
Multiple Choice Question
Check out the references the author provides and the sources he
cites in defense of his argument. Which of the following is
TRUE of the author’s use of references and citations in this
article?
· The author includes several quotations from medical doctors
that support his claims.
· The author makes several references in the body of the article
to experts who back up his claims.
· The author uses footnotes to cite many articles that back up
his claims.
· The author includes only one citation to an article whose link
does not work.
Multiple Choice Question
According to the About page, who is the author, and what
credentials does he have?
· He is a biologist specializing in evolutionary studies.
· He is a former athlete and was an undergraduate biology major
in college.
· He is a board-certified dermatologist with many years of
medical practice.
· He is a licensed chiropractor with degrees in fitness, health,
and nutrition.
Short Answer Question
Use the website’s Home page and describe what the purpose of
the website appears to be.
Take Two
15. Now that you’ve explored the credibility of one website, apply
those same practices to another article about sunscreen use.
Read the article below and then answer the following questions.
Sunscreens: Safe and Effective
Short Answer Question
What basic argument regarding sunscreen do these authors
make?
Multiple Choice Question
In this article, which of the following is TRUE of the authors’
use of footnotes and citations?
· The authors do not include any citations for the evidence
presented in the article.
· The authors do not make any scientific claims that would
require footnotes or citations.
· The authors use over 30 footnotes to back their claims, many
of which point to peer-reviewed studies.
· The authors cite one main article where they got their
information.
Multiple Choice Question
Who are the authors, and what credentials do they have?
· They are both medical doctors and photobiologists who study
the interaction of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and the skin.
· They are manufacturers of sunscreen who have spent years
reviewing different brands.
· They are researchers affiliated with and funded by the
National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements.
· They are investigative journalists who specialize in exposing
misleading advice from pharmaceutical companies.
Short Answer Question
Use the website’s About Us page and describe what the purpose
of the website appears to be.
Multiple Choice Question
Of the two websites, which is a more credible source?
· The article from the Skin Cancer Foundation is a more
credible source, because it is longer and goes into more detail
about the issues.
16. · The article from the Skin Cancer Foundation is a more
credible source, because it is written by qualified experts and
provides citations from other credible sources.
· The article from Mark’s Daily Apple is more credible, because
it questions common wisdom and challenges claims made by the
FDA.
· The article from Mark’s Daily Apple is a more credible
source, because the author uses his personal experience to back
up his claims.
Your Turn
Read and evaluate the website at the link below, and then
answer the following question.
Food Renegade: Should You Use Sunscreen
· Response Board Question
Top of Form
Explain to what extent you think that this website is credible.
Include information such as who the author is, whether or not
the author cites sources, and your ruling on this site’s
credentials.
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