The document discusses creating an inclusive and accessible web for all. It notes that 97% of homepages had accessibility errors in 2021, with 61% being missing alt text. It emphasizes that disability can be both apparent and non-apparent, and that 14.1 million people in the UK have a disability. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the move to digital services. The document outlines the four principles of accessibility as defined by the WCAG: perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust. It provides tips for performing an accessibility audit, including using tools like WAVE and including human judgment.

1. Creating an inclusive
web.
Slideshare.Net/miracleinameti
@mira_inam
Miracle Inameti-Archibong
John Lewis Finance

2. There are so many
things I want to change.
What can I
influence?
What’s within
my control?

3. 97%
of homepages had
accessibility errors.
April 2021, WebAIM

4. 61%
of the errors were missing
alt text.
April 2021, WebAIM

5. -MARK GIFFORD, CIVICACTIONS
“…Any of us could find the
abilities we enjoy today gone
tomorrow”

6. WE ALL
KNOW
SOMEONE
01

7. 1 IN 5
14.1 million people in the UK
are living with a disability.

8. 14%
An estimated 2 million
people are living with sight
loss. Department of Works
& Pensions.

9. Our vision is
our dominant
sense.

10. 80%
..of what we learn is done
through perception,
learning, cognition, and
other activities mediated
through vision.

11. Disability is both apparent and non-
apparent.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Visual acuity Light & glare
sensitivity
Contrast
sensitivity
Limited field
of vision
Colour
blindness
others
Source: WebAIM

12. Those with more
significant vision
loss consistently
reported higher
levels of internet
proficiency.
70%
27%
2%
Advanced Intermediate Beginner

13. £17.1 billion of potential spending
is lost because of inaccessible
websites (Click-away pound).

14. 15% of the world’s population lives
with a disability (WHO, 2021).

15. This 15% is often
underrepresented and ignored in
marketing efforts (BBC, 2021;
Mallon, 2019).

16. “65% of customers find that “a
positive experience with a brand
[is] more influential than great
advertising” (PWC).

17. 83% of participants with access
needs limit their shopping to sites
that they know are accessible
(Click-Away Pound).

18. 86% have chosen to pay more for a
product from an accessible website
(Click-Away Pound).

19. Over 10 lawsuits per day in 2021
(Usablenet).

20. DIGITAL BY
DEFAULT
02

21. COVID 19 has accelerated the move
to digital services.

22. Many essential services have moved
online exclusively with very limited
or restricted offline alternatives.

23. 99%
..of GP practice have
switched to a system of
total remote triage (NHS
Digital, Appointments in
General Practice).

24. 111%
Increase in NHS APP
registration (NHS Digital,
Appointments in General
Practice).

25. Use of e-prescription
services also increased, with
1.25 million nominations
((NHS Digital, Appointments in
General Practice).

26. Since January 2015, banks have been
closing at a rate of around 54 each
month (Which.co.uk).

27. By we will 2025 we will see worsen
economic inequality as the tech-
savvy pull further ahead of those
who have less access to digital tools
(Pew Research Centre).

28. ACCESSIBILTY
CRITERIA.
03

29. Your audits should cover the four
principles of accessibility as
outlined by WCAG.

30. PERCEIVABLE
Information and user interface
must be presentable to users in
ways they can perceive.

31. Alt text
Assistive
technologies
Text alternatives for any
non-text content.
CAPTCHA
Visual
formating

32. 61%
..of all homepage
accessibility error is due
to missing alternative
text (WebAIM).

33. No text describing where the
link will go if clicked or
triggered.
 Empty links
 Non-descriptive links
 Linked images

34. Missing form input label.
Empty description of what the
various fields and controls in the
form are for.

35. Missing Label
Labeled

36. Empty Buttons.
No text describing the function of
the button.

37. Syncronised captions.
Alternatives for time-based
media.
Make transcripts and audio
files available.

38. Adaptable formats (visually,
audibly, tactilely.
Create content that can be
presented in different ways .
Meaningful sequence.

39. Use of colour Resize text
Make it easier for users to
see and hear content .
Colour contrast Audio Control

40. (Images from Squarespace)

41. OPERABLE
The interface cannot require
interaction that a user cannot
perform.

42. Keyboard
navigation
Responsive
design
Make all functionality
available from a keyboard.
Colour contrast Audio Control

44. Adjustable
timing
Timeout
Provide users enough time
to read and use content.
Re-authentication Pause

45. Animation from Interactions.
Flashing visual content.
Three flashes or below threshold.

46. Assisted
technology
Bypass content
blocks
Easy and sensible navigation.
Breadcrumbs Headings & titles

48. UNDERSTANDABLE
The Interface content or operation
cannot be beyond the user’s
understanding.

49. Unusual words Reading levels
Easy to read and understand
content.
Abrevations Consistent layout

50. Make the behaviour of functional
and interactive components
predictable.
Present content in a predictable
way.

51. Accessible error labels &
Instructions.
People with some disabilities have
more difficulty creating error-free
input.
Accessible authetications.

52. ROBUST
Content must be compatible with
current and future user agents,
including assistive technologies.

53. HOW TO
PERFORM AN
ACCESSIBILTY
AUDIT.
04

54. CREATE A CHECKLIST
Digital
Accessibility
Checklist.
Web Content
Accesibility
Guidelines.

55. WAVE
WebAIM Accessibility
Tool

58. WAVE API
Allows automated and
remote accessibility
analysis.

59. WordPress
Accessibility plugin

60. Lighthouse

61. Only 25% of
issues detected
by automated
tools (BIA).

62. Human judgment trumps
automation.
 Non-descriptive alt txt
 Colour that convey meaning
 Skip to content links

63. Download a
screen
reader.

64. How do
screen
readers
work?

67. —MAI SHALVI
“To be inclusive, companies
have to be more creative,
welcoming, and go beyond the
required regulations.”

68. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
 https://wave.webaim.org/.
 https://wave.webaim.org/api/.
 https://blog.hubspot.com/website/wordpress-accessibility-
plugin.

69. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, and
includes icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik
THANKS!
WEBSITE: https://miracleinametiarchibong.com/
TWITTER: @mira_inam