Cquestrate Presentation
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The document proposes a process to sequester carbon dioxide by enhancing the ocean's capacity to act as a carbon sink. The process involves thermally decomposing limestone to produce calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. When added to seawater, the calcium oxide forms calcium bicarbonate and absorbs additional carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This increases the ocean's ability to store carbon while also mitigating ocean acidification. The document discusses various options for handling the pure carbon dioxide produced and locations where the process could be implemented at scale.
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3) Prevention of the salinization and acidification of groundwater and surface waters resulting from road salting, acid precipitation, and acid mine drainage. MHCO3 replacing MCl in road salting operations provides non-point source application of bicarbonate for the neutralization of acid precipitation. The elimination of MCl salts prevents the chloride salinization of groundwater and surface waters. MHCO3 can also be applied locally, providing point source application for the neutralization of acid mine drainage point sources.
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The “Carbon Negative Water Solutions environmental trifecta” has three main components detailed as follows:
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2) Elimination of brine disposal from both seawater and groundwater brine desalination operations. The most common technology for this step usually involves 1) the electrolysis of brine, producing a base MOH, and 2) the aeration of CO2 gas forming carbonic acid, which reacts with the base to produce a carbonate salt [MCO3 or MHCO3]. Various HxClx marketable byproducts are produced, including H2, Cl2, HCl, and ClOx. The H2 can supplement the hydrogen economy.
3) Prevention of the salinization and acidification of groundwater and surface waters resulting from road salting, acid precipitation, and acid mine drainage. MHCO3 replacing MCl in road salting operations provides non-point source application of bicarbonate for the neutralization of acid precipitation. The elimination of MCl salts prevents the chloride salinization of groundwater and surface waters. MHCO3 can also be applied locally, providing point source application for the neutralization of acid mine drainage point sources.
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yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Asam Basa Air Laut_Pertemuan 6
The document discusses acids, bases, and pH. It explains that acids donate H+ ions while bases accept H+ ions. Common acids include HCl and carbonic acid, while NaOH is a strong base. Neutralization reactions between acids and bases produce water and salts. Buffers resist changes in pH. The pH scale ranges from 0-14 with acidic solutions having a pH below 7 and basic solutions above 7. The carbonate buffering system and carbon dioxide system in the ocean help regulate ocean pH. Increasing carbon dioxide absorption is lowering ocean pH and threatening marine organisms with calcium carbonate shells or skeletons.
Carbon Capture And Storage
Carbon capture and storage aims to prevent CO2 emissions from large stationary sources like power plants from entering the atmosphere. It involves capturing about 90% of CO2 emissions, compressing and transporting it, then permanently storing it underground. CO2 can be stored in deep saline formations or depleted oil and gas fields, where it becomes trapped between rock grains and in the pores of reservoir rocks. Several CCS projects have already stored millions of tons of CO2 underground for decades. While CCS could help slow the rise of atmospheric CO2, it is still a relatively new technology that requires further development and legal/regulatory frameworks to become widely implemented.
05_Day_1_Lackner
The document discusses engineering responses to climate change through a proactive strategy of providing clean, affordable energy for a growing global population. It outlines challenges like reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on oil. New technologies like carbon capture and storage could allow continued fossil fuel use while storing carbon underground. A triad of large-scale zero-carbon options is proposed: solar, nuclear, and fossil energy with carbon storage. Markets would drive efficiency along with alternative energy development.
Steel et al 2013_Conversion of CO2 into mineral carbonates
This document investigates using a regenerable buffer (tertiary amine) to control pH and enable the conversion of CO2 into magnesium carbonate minerals for carbon sequestration. Tertiary amines can complex with protons to raise the pH for magnesium carbonate precipitation at around 8.2. Increasing the temperature decreases the pH as the strength of the amine-proton bond decreases with higher temperatures. This approach provides both the low pH and high temperature needed for magnesium dissolution from minerals like serpentine, as well as the high pH for carbonate precipitation. The regenerable buffer concept was found to work, achieving 20-40% carbonate yields using triethylamine or tripropylamine at 18
Carbon sequestartion.ppt
This document discusses various methods of carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change, including capturing CO2 from power plant flue gases using chemical absorption with amines, enhancing soil carbon through agricultural practices like no-till farming, storing CO2 in geological formations like depleted oil and gas reservoirs, and increasing terrestrial carbon sinks in forests, soils, and other ecosystems. The large-scale potential of carbon sequestration makes it an important tool for reducing CO2 emissions while still allowing continued fossil fuel usage.
An Accelerated Weathering of Limestone Reactor - Phil Renforth at the Alterna...
An Accelerated Weathering of Limestone Reactor - Phil Renforth at the Alterna...UK Carbon Capture and Storage Research Centre
1) Accelerated weathering of limestone has the potential to store large volumes of carbon dioxide by increasing alkalinity in the oceans, but questions remain about environmental impacts and stability of stored carbon.
2) Laboratory experiments and geochemical modeling show that limestone dissolution rates and carbon dioxide uptake can be modeled and are dependent on factors like surface area, water volume, temperature, and gas-liquid interface.
3) At an industrial scale, accelerated weathering of limestone would require very large reactor volumes, on the order of 105-106 m3, to sequester a million tons of carbon dioxide per year.Atmosphere And Environment (4 E1)
Joseph Priestley conducted experiments in the late 18th century that led to the isolation of oxygen and the development of carbonated drinks. The document then discusses the composition of air and methods for separating air into its components. It describes common air pollutants like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide along with their sources and harmful effects. Methods for reducing air pollution through the use of catalytic converters and flue gas desulfurization are also summarized.
Atmosphere And Environment (4 E1)
Joseph Priestley conducted experiments in the late 18th century that led to the isolation of oxygen and the development of carbonated drinks. The document then discusses the composition of air and methods for separating air into its components. It also describes common air pollutants like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide along with their major sources and harmful effects. Methods for reducing air pollution through the use of catalytic converters and flue gas desulfurization are also summarized.
Carbon cycle
The document discusses the carbon cycle, which involves carbon continually moving through living organisms, oceans, atmosphere, and rocks. There are four main subcycles - the rock subcycle over millions of years, ocean subcycle over hundreds of years, biological subcycle over days to years, and fossil fuel subcycle over millions of years being released in recent decades. Carbon is essential for life and plays a key role in climate as a greenhouse gas.
Carbon Cycle
The document summarizes the carbon cycle, which is the movement of carbon between different reservoirs on Earth and in its atmosphere. Carbon continually cycles between living organisms, oceans, atmosphere, and rocks through various processes over timescales ranging from years to millions of years. Key parts of the cycle include photosynthesis fixing carbon from the atmosphere into organisms, respiration and decomposition releasing carbon back to the air, and geological processes like weathering sequestering carbon in rocks over millions of years.
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Alternative Point-Source CO2 Mitigation: Spontaneous Conversion of CO2 to Oce...
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Separation of calcium carbonate and barium sulphate from a mixed sludge prduc...
Separation of calcium carbonate and barium sulphate from a mixed sludge prduc...
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
Steel et al 2013_Conversion of CO2 into mineral carbonates
Steel et al 2013_Conversion of CO2 into mineral carbonates
An Accelerated Weathering of Limestone Reactor - Phil Renforth at the Alterna...
An Accelerated Weathering of Limestone Reactor - Phil Renforth at the Alterna...
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Consult the full report at https://www.oecd.org/digital/oecd-artificial-intelligence-review-of-germany-609808d6-en.htm
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My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
ここ3000字までしか入らないけどタイトルの方がたくさん文字入ると思います。
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Overview
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
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Cquestrate Presentation
- 1. Sequestering carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by enhancing the capacity of the oceans to act as a carbon sink Tim Kruger www.cquestrate.com
- 2. CaCO 3 CaO + CO 2 Thermally decompose (calcine) limestone at temperatures greater than 850C Δ H = +163kJ/mol * Assuming no recapture of heat, energy requirement is 2.669GJ/tonne of CaCO 3 * Reaction enthalpy calculated at 1000C Concept
- 3. CaCO 3 CaO + CO 2 CaO + H 2 O Ca(OH) 2 Ca(OH) 2 + 2CO 2 Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 Concept The calcium oxide generated from the calcination of limestone is added to seawater At seawater pH, the calcium oxide will form a solution of calcium bicarbonate For each mol of CO 2 emitted during the calcination, almost two mols of CO 2 will be absorbed in the seawater Δ H = -65kJ/mol
- 4. CaCO 3 CaO + CO 2 CaO + H 2 O Ca(OH) 2 Ca(OH) 2 + 2CO 2 Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3 H + + HCO 3 - 2H + + CO 3 2- Concept On addition of calcium oxide to seawater, the system of equilibria associated with the dissolution of CO 2 in water will be shifted to the right. This increases the capacity of the oceans to act as a carbon sink , whilst simultaneously mitigating the effects of ocean acidification caused by heightened levels of CO 2 in the atmosphere
- 5. CaCO 3 CaO + CO 2 CaO + H 2 O Ca(OH) 2 Options Ca(OH) 2 + 2CO 2 Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3 H + + HCO 3 - 2H + + CO 3 2- Concept There are five potential ways in which to deal with the pure CO 2 produced in the calcination process
- 6. CaCO 3 CaO + CO 2 CaO + H 2 O Ca(OH) 2 Options Release Ca(OH) 2 + 2CO 2 Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3 H + + HCO 3 - 2H + + CO 3 2- Concept Releasing CO 2 into the atmosphere may seem counterproductive – we are after all trying to remove CO 2 – but given that the process is net ‘carbon negative’ even if the CO 2 emitted is released, this may be the most economic route
- 7. CaCO 3 CaO + CO 2 CaO + H 2 O Ca(OH) 2 Options Release Sequester Ca(OH) 2 + 2CO 2 Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3 H + + HCO 3 - 2H + + CO 3 2- Concept The cost for geologically storing pure CO 2 has been estimated to be USD0.5 – 8 per tonne of CO 2 . In comparison sequestering carbon dioxide from the flue gases of a conventional fossil fuel power plant, where the CO 2 concentration is typically in the region of 10% , costs in the region of USD47 per tonne of CO 2
- 8. CaCO 3 CaO + CO 2 CaO + H 2 O Ca(OH) 2 Options Release Sequester Fuel Production Ca(OH) 2 + 2CO 2 Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3 H + + HCO 3 - 2H + + CO 3 2- Concept With the addition of more energy , pure CO 2 can be used as a feedstock for the production of hydrocarbons
- 9. CaCO 3 CaO + CO 2 CaO + H 2 O Ca(OH) 2 Options Release Sequester Fuel Production Reduce to Carbon Ca(OH) 2 + 2CO 2 Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3 H + + HCO 3 - 2H + + CO 3 2- Concept With the addition of more energy, pure CO 2 can be reduced to carbon. If CO 2 emissions are no longer a problem, carbon is an excellent energy vector , with 6000 times the energy per unit volume of unpressurised hydrogen
- 10. Concept CaCO 3 CaO + CO 2 CaO + H 2 O Ca(OH) 2 Options Release Sequester Fuel Production Reduce to Carbon Growing Biomass in Arid Environments Ca(OH) 2 + 2CO 2 Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3 H + + HCO 3 - 2H + + CO 3 2-