C++ is a middle-level programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in 1979 at Bell Labs. C++ runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX.
This reference will take you through simple and practical approach while learning C++ Programming language.
Pratik Bakane C++ programs...............This are programs desingedby sy diploma student from Governement Polytecnic Thane.....programsare very easy alongwith coding andscreen shot of the output
Pratik Bakane C++ programs...............This are programs desingedby sy diploma student from Governement Polytecnic Thane.....programsare very easy alongwith coding andscreen shot of the output
Pratik Bakane C++ programs...............This are programs desingedby sy diploma student from Governement Polytecnic Thane.....programsare very easy alongwith coding andscreen shot of the output
Pratik Bakane C++ programs...............This are programs desingedby sy diploma student from Governement Polytecnic Thane.....programsare very easy alongwith coding andscreen shot of the output
Pratik Bakane C++ programs...............This are programs desingedby sy diploma student from Governement Polytecnic Thane.....programsare very easy alongwith coding andscreen shot of the output
Pratik Bakane C++ programs...............This are programs desingedby sy diploma student from Governement Polytecnic Thane.....programsare very easy alongwith coding andscreen shot of the output
Pratik Bakane C++ programs...............This are programs desingedby sy diploma student from Governement Polytecnic Thane.....programsare very easy alongwith coding andscreen shot of the output
Pratik Bakane C++ programs...............This are programs desingedby sy diploma student from Governement Polytecnic Thane.....programsare very easy alongwith coding andscreen shot of the output
Pratik Bakane C++ programs...............This are programs desingedby sy diploma student from Governement Polytecnic Thane.....programsare very easy alongwith coding andscreen shot of the output
Pratik Bakane C++ programs...............This are programs desingedby sy diploma student from Governement Polytecnic Thane.....programsare very easy alongwith coding andscreen shot of the output
This presentation is an introduction to Complex Event Processing (CEP) intended for an practicioners of Runtime Verification. It first describes typical CEP problems, popular tools and their query languages. It then presents BeepBeep 3, an event stream processor that attempts to bridge the gap between RV and CEP. Thanks to BeepBeep’s generic architecture and flexible input language, queries and properties from both fields can be efficiently processed.
In recent decades, the Neo-Darwinian Synthesis has been quietly expanded to embrace the evolution of complex systems (living and non-living) and the information on which they are based (e.g., Adami 2011; Mayfield 2013). The expanded theoretical framework is especially appropriate—perhaps essential—for understanding the evolution of modern humans, who represent major changes in the way that information is stored, transmitted, translated, and manipulated (Maynard Smith and Szathmáry 1995). Modern humans may be distinguished from earlier forms of Homo by an enhanced faculty for manipulation of information (i.e., computation) that permits generation of a potentially infinite variety of combinations of hierarchically-organized units of information. This faculty is most commonly manifest in the computations that underlie spoken and unspoken language (Hauser et al. 2002), which may be considered a form of information technology. Spoken or imagined words are “material symbols” (Clark 2008) manipulated in the brain to facilitate complex computation in a manner analogous to the beads of an abacus.
If technology is viewed as a form of computation (i.e., manipulation of objects and materials), this faculty also is evident in the artifacts produced by modern humans, which exhibit an increasingly complex, hierarchical organization with a potentially infinite variety of combinatorial possibilities. Because the acquisition of syntactic language requires a lengthy "critical period" of exposure during childhood, the computational complexity of language appears to be linked to the significantly delayed maturation of the modern human brain (which is only 25% of its adult volume at birth). Greenfield (1991) found that the manipulation of objects exhibits increasing complexity (i.e., more hierarchical levels of organization) during childhood and noted overlap in areas of the brain activated for language and object manipulation. The enhanced faculty for manipulation of information and objects (i.e., increased computational complexity) found in modern humans is thus plausibly tied to the delayed growth of the brain and extended childhood, which begins to evolve after about 0.5 million years ago, but apparently is not comparable to that of living people until after 0.2 million years ago (Smith et al. 2007; Smith et al. 2010). The evolution of enhanced computational complexity in modern humans transformed existing systems of communication and technology, yielding an open-ended syntactic form of language and potentially infinite variety of hierarchically structured artifacts. Modern humans created new forms of information, including visual art (analog) and notation (digital), and colonized most terrestrial habitats on Earth by designing their own adaptive “traits” (e.g., tailored clothing) based on complex technological computations.
This presentation is an introduction to Complex Event Processing (CEP) intended for an practicioners of Runtime Verification. It first describes typical CEP problems, popular tools and their query languages. It then presents BeepBeep 3, an event stream processor that attempts to bridge the gap between RV and CEP. Thanks to BeepBeep’s generic architecture and flexible input language, queries and properties from both fields can be efficiently processed.
In recent decades, the Neo-Darwinian Synthesis has been quietly expanded to embrace the evolution of complex systems (living and non-living) and the information on which they are based (e.g., Adami 2011; Mayfield 2013). The expanded theoretical framework is especially appropriate—perhaps essential—for understanding the evolution of modern humans, who represent major changes in the way that information is stored, transmitted, translated, and manipulated (Maynard Smith and Szathmáry 1995). Modern humans may be distinguished from earlier forms of Homo by an enhanced faculty for manipulation of information (i.e., computation) that permits generation of a potentially infinite variety of combinations of hierarchically-organized units of information. This faculty is most commonly manifest in the computations that underlie spoken and unspoken language (Hauser et al. 2002), which may be considered a form of information technology. Spoken or imagined words are “material symbols” (Clark 2008) manipulated in the brain to facilitate complex computation in a manner analogous to the beads of an abacus.
If technology is viewed as a form of computation (i.e., manipulation of objects and materials), this faculty also is evident in the artifacts produced by modern humans, which exhibit an increasingly complex, hierarchical organization with a potentially infinite variety of combinatorial possibilities. Because the acquisition of syntactic language requires a lengthy "critical period" of exposure during childhood, the computational complexity of language appears to be linked to the significantly delayed maturation of the modern human brain (which is only 25% of its adult volume at birth). Greenfield (1991) found that the manipulation of objects exhibits increasing complexity (i.e., more hierarchical levels of organization) during childhood and noted overlap in areas of the brain activated for language and object manipulation. The enhanced faculty for manipulation of information and objects (i.e., increased computational complexity) found in modern humans is thus plausibly tied to the delayed growth of the brain and extended childhood, which begins to evolve after about 0.5 million years ago, but apparently is not comparable to that of living people until after 0.2 million years ago (Smith et al. 2007; Smith et al. 2010). The evolution of enhanced computational complexity in modern humans transformed existing systems of communication and technology, yielding an open-ended syntactic form of language and potentially infinite variety of hierarchically structured artifacts. Modern humans created new forms of information, including visual art (analog) and notation (digital), and colonized most terrestrial habitats on Earth by designing their own adaptive “traits” (e.g., tailored clothing) based on complex technological computations.
In computer science, divide and conquer (D&C) is an algorithm design paradigm based on multi-branched recursion. A divide and conquer algorithm works by recursively breaking down a problem into two or more sub-problems of the same (or related) type, until these become simple enough to be solved directly. The solutions to the sub-problems are then combined to give a solution to the original problem.
In computer science, merge sort (also commonly spelled mergesort) is an O(n log n) comparison-based sorting algorithm. Most implementations produce a stable sort, which means that the implementation preserves the input order of equal elements in the sorted output. Mergesort is a divide and conquer algorithm that was invented by John von Neumann in 1945. A detailed description and analysis of bottom-up mergesort appeared in a report by Goldstine and Neumann as early as 1948.
Divide and Conquer Algorithms - D&C forms a distinct algorithm design technique in computer science, wherein a problem is solved by repeatedly invoking the algorithm on smaller occurrences of the same problem. Binary search, merge sort, Euclid's algorithm can all be formulated as examples of divide and conquer algorithms. Strassen's algorithm and Nearest Neighbor algorithm are two other examples.
Aiming to eliminate the compromises in organizational life. Covering some interesting and provocative ideas, spanning human rights, complexity science, the death of heuristics, influence flows, personal knowledge mastery, social physics, trust, the digital nervous system, Web 3.0, performance and learning, public relations, collective intelligence, sociocracy, Holacracy, podularity, wirearchy, emergent civilization, self-organization, organized self, socioveillance, middleware corporate, bread incorporated and the Mozilla manifesto.
WTF - Why the Future Is Up to Us - pptx versionTim O'Reilly
This is the talk I gave January 12, 2017 at the G20/OECD Conference on the Digital Future in Berlin. I talk about fitness landscapes as applied to technology and business, the role of unchecked financialization in the state of our politics and economy, and why technology really wants to create jobs, not destroy them. (There is a separate PDF version, but some readers said the notes were too fuzzy to read.)
This is the slide for what I shared in JS Group meetup, 2014, Taiwan. It covers what JavaScript could do for making the program more "functional", the benefits, price and the limitation.
Emerging Languages: A Tour of the HorizonAlex Payne
A tour of a number of new programming languages, organized by the job they're best suited for. Presented at Philadelphia Emerging Technology for the Enterprise 2012.
Oh Crap, I Forgot (Or Never Learned) C! [CodeMash 2010]Chris Adamson
Abstract: Chances are you code in a language that's either descended from C, inspired by C, or run in an interpreter that itself is written in C. Still... do you actually know how to code in C? Despite its long-standing position as a sort of "lingua franca", an agreed-upon common language, more and more developers are putting together successful, satisfying careers, without ever learning this seminal language. But what if you have to call into C code from your favorite scripting language, or use APIs like OpenGL that are written to be called from C? Many developers find C very challenging, particularly its manual memory-management and other low-level concerns. In this session, we'll show you why you shouldn't be afraid of C, how you can use the skills you already have from the languages you code in today, and how to master structs, enums, typedefs, malloc(), free(), and the rest of C's sharp edges. Examples will be from the point-of-view of the C-skewing iPhone SDK, but will be designed to be broadly applicable and platform-agnostic.
The next version of JavaScript, ES6, is starting to arrive. Many of its features are simple enhancements to the language we already have: things like arrow functions, class syntax, and destructuring. But other features will change the way we program JavaScript, fundamentally expanding the capabilities of the language and reshaping our future codebases. In this talk we'll focus on two of these, discovering the the myriad possibilities of generators and the many tricks you can pull of with template strings.
Create the equivalent of a four function calculator. The program should request the user to enter a number, an operator, and another number. carry out the specified arithmetical operation: adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing the two numbers. (Using switch statement ).ThesisScientist.com
Presentation / Workshop which will teach you the core patterns, concepts and visualisation options of D3.js (v4). Accompanying exercises can be found here: https://github.com/josdirksen/d3exercises
In graph theory, graph coloring is a special case of graph labeling; it is an assignment of labels traditionally called "colors" to elements of a graph subject to certain constraints. In its simplest form, it is a way of coloring the vertices of a graph such that no two adjacent vertices share the same color; this is called a vertex coloring. Similarly, an edge coloring assigns a color to each edge so that no two adjacent edges share the same color, and a face coloring of a planar graph assigns a color to each face or region so that no two faces that share a boundary have the same color.
Backtracking is a general algorithm for finding all (or some) solutions to some computational problems, notably constraint satisfaction problems, that incrementally builds candidates to the solutions, and abandons each partial candidate c ("backtracks") as soon as it determines that c cannot possibly be completed to a valid solution.
Backtracking is a general algorithm for finding all (or some) solutions to some computational problems, notably constraint satisfaction problems, that incrementally builds candidates to the solutions, and abandons each partial candidate c ("backtracks") as soon as it determines that c cannot possibly be completed to a valid solution.
Knapsack problem ==>>
Given some items, pack the knapsack to get
the maximum total value. Each item has some
weight and some value. Total weight that we can
carry is no more than some fixed number W.
So we must consider weights of items as well as
their values.
Office automation system for scholl (oasfs) by vikas sharmaVikas Sharma
This project on “OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEM FOR SCHOOL” is used to computerize the work of an office. This project is a part for adding new employee, viewing record of employee, transfer details of employee, generating pay slip, modify employee record and display the report. This project was developed with Visual Basic .NET as Front End and M.S-Access as Back End.
This is fully click driven Windows based package. It consists of forms and buttons for adding, deleting, modifying, viewing the record, generation of pay slip and creates the final report related to an employee
Library and member management system (lamms) by vikas sharmaVikas Sharma
The project entitled LIBRARY AND MEMBER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM is a application software developed to maintain the records related to Book, Member of library like Stock Maintenance of Books, Book Search, Book Issue, Book Returns Member detail, Membership fee Collected, different Users as per status and all necessary requirements for the Library to manage day to day operations. This project was developed with Visual Basic .NET as Front End and M.S-Access as Back End.
This is fully click driven Windows based package. It consists of forms for adding, deleting, modifying, viewing the record, generation of report and creates the final report.
Optimization is an act, process, or methodology of making something (as a design, system, or decision) as fully perfect, functional, or effective as possible. Website optimization is a technique to designing and developing a website in such a way that it should be capable to satisfy some key points.
Optimizing website, you can attract relevant customers who are searching for your service using search engines like Google and Yahoo. In other words SEO means finding ways to increase your site's appearance in web visitors' search results.
Web Site Optimization include
1. Serving websites faster and uptime of the site
2. Search engine optimization (SEO)
3. Website design
4. Usability
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. This tutorial offers several things.
You’ll see some neat features of the language.
You’ll learn the right things to google.
You’ll find a list of useful books and web pages.
But don’t expect too much!
It’s complicated, and you’ll learn by doing.
But I’ll give it my best shot, okay?
3. Basic syntax
Compiling your program
Argument passing
Dynamic memory
Object-oriented programming
4. #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
float c(float x) {
return x*x*x;
}
int main() {
float x;
cin >> x;
cout << c(x) << endl;
return 0;
}
Includes function definitions
for
console input and output.
Function declaration.
Function definition.
Program starts here.
Local variable declaration.
Console input.
Console output.
Exit main function.
5.
6. // This is main.cc
#include <iostream>
#include “mymath.h”
using namespace std;
int main() {
// ...stuff...
}
// This is mymath.h
#ifndef MYMATH
#define MYMATH
float c(float x);
float d(float x);
#endif
Functions are declared in mymat h. h, but not defined.
They are implemented separately in mymat h. cc.
8. // This is main.cc
#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << “Hello!” << endl;
glVertex3d(1,2,3);
return 0;
}
Include OpenGL functions.
Include standard IO
functions.
Long and tedious
explanation.
Calls function from standard
IO.
Calls function from OpenGL.
Make object file.
Make executable, link GLUT.
Execute program.
% g++ -c main.cc
% g++ -o myprogram –lglut main.o
% ./myprogram
9. Software engineering reasons.
Separate interface from implementation.
Promote modularity.
The headers are a contract.
Technical reasons.
Only rebuild object files for modified source files.
This is much more efficient for huge programs.
10. INCFLAGS =
-
I/afs/csail/group/graphics/courses/6.837/public/includ
e
LINKFLAGS =
-L/afs/csail/group/graphics/courses/6.837/public/lib
-lglut -lvl
CFLAGS = -g -Wall -ansi
CC = g++
SRCS = main.cc parse.cc curve.cc surf.cc camera.cc
OBJS = $(SRCS:.cc=.o)
PROG = a1
all: $(SRCS) $(PROG)
$(PROG): $(OBJS)
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(OBJS) -o $@ $(LINKFLAGS)
.cc.o:
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $< -c -o $@ $(INCFLAGS)
depend:
makedepend $(INCFLAGS) -Y $(SRCS)
clean:
rm $(OBJS) $(PROG)
main.o: parse.h curve.h tuple.h
# ... LOTS MORE ...
Most assignments include
makef i l es, which describe
the files, dependencies, and
steps for compilation.
You can just type make.
So you don’t have to know
the stuff from the past few
slides.
But it’s nice to know.
11.
12. #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int n;
cin >> n;
float f[n];
for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
f[i] = i;
return 0;
}
Arrays must have known
sizes at compile time.
This doesn’t compile.
13. #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int n;
cin >> n;
float *f = new float[n];
for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
f[i] = i;
delete [] f;
return 0;
}
Allocate the array during
runtime using new.
No garbage collection, so
you have to delete.
Dynamic memory is
useful when you don’t
know how much space
you need.
14. #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int n;
cin >> n;
vector<float> f(n);
for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
f[i] = i;
return 0;
}
STL vector is a resizable
array with all dynamic
memory handled for you.
STL has other cool stuff,
such as strings and sets.
If you can, use the STL
and avoid dynamic
memory.
15. #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int n;
cin >> n;
vector<float> f;
for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
f.push_back(i);
return 0;
}
An alternative method
that does the same thing.
Methods are called with
the dot operator (same as
Java).
vector is poorly named,
it’s actually just an array.
16. float twice1(float x) {
return 2*x;
}
void twice2(float x) {
x = 2*x;
}
int main() {
float x = 3;
twice2(x);
cout << x << endl;
return 0;
}
This works as expected.
This does nothing.
The variable is
unchanged.
17. vector<float>
twice(vector<float> x) {
int n = x.size();
for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
x[i] = 2*x[i];
return x;
}
int main() {
vector<float>
y(9000000);
y = twice(y);
return 0;
}
There is an incredible
amount of overhead here.
This copies a huge array
two times. It’s stupid.
Maybe the compiler’s
smart. Maybe not. Why
risk it?
18. void twice3(float *x) {
(*x) = 2*(*x);
}
void twice4(float &x) {
x = 2*x;
}
int main() {
float x = 3;
twice3(&x);
twice4(x);
return 0;
}
Pass pointer by value
and
access data using
asterisk.
Pass by reference.
Address of variable.
The answer is 12.
19. You’ll often see objects passed by reference.
Functions can modify objects without copying.
To avoid copying objects (often const references).
Pointers are kind of old school, but still useful.
For super-efficient low-level code.
Within objects to handle dynamic memory.
You shouldn’t need pointers for this class.
Use the STL instead, if at all possible.
20.
21. Classes implement objects.
You’ve probably seen these in 6.170.
C++ does things a little differently.
Let’s implement a simple image object.
Show stuff we’ve seen, like dynamic memory.
Introduce constructors, destructors, const, and
operator overloading.
I’ll probably make mistakes, so some debugging too.
23. The C++ Programming Language
A book by Bjarne Stroustrup, inventor of C++.
My favorite C++ book.
The STL Programmer’s Guide
Contains documentation for the standard template library.
http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/
Java to C++ Transition Tutorial
Probably the most helpful, since you’ve all taken 6.170.
http://www.cs.brown.edu/courses/cs123/javatoc.shtml
Editor's Notes
about as simple as it gets – just get a feel for the syntax
but you’ll have more complicated programs
so you want to organize better
first way to do that is by separating into multiple files
same program, but we’ve pulled c functions out
we put it in a separate file … or rather, two separate files
header file (you see on the right) declares the functions – that is, gives name, parameters, return type.
but doesn’t include the implementation, which is done in a separate file.
so when you code up the main program file, you can include the header file, and call the functions
because in c++ you can only call functions that are declared.
so here’s the basic setup
you write a bunch of cc files that implement functions (or objects, as we’ll see later)
the headers include the declarations of functions (or objects)
include the headers in the cc files if you’re using those functions
compile to object files
link all object files together
get program
make graphics
almost all c++ will make use of libraries
bunch of convenient functions that you can use
two libraries you’ll be using for almost assignments are glut (exp) and iostream (exp)
so main here actually calls functions defined in both these libraries
and here’s how we might compile
why? examples of purely functional programming languages… haskell, basic scheme…
why? examples of purely functional programming languages… haskell, basic scheme…
why? examples of purely functional programming languages… haskell, basic scheme…
why? examples of purely functional programming languages… haskell, basic scheme…