#CPAF15 WS7: Addressing climate change issues in fisheries and aquaculture in CRFM Member States - recent initiatives and opportunities for up-scaling (
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The document discusses climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture in the Caribbean region and recent initiatives to address these issues. It outlines key challenges like rising sea levels, changing weather patterns, and damage to coral reefs from warming oceans. Recent regional projects aim to build climate resilience in fishing communities through activities like developing early warning systems for fishers of weather threats and establishing a regional fisheries risk insurance fund to incentivize climate-smart practices. The document also discusses partnerships and opportunities to scale up best practices to increase adaptation efforts across the Caribbean.
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#CPAF15 WS7: Addressing climate change issues in fisheries and aquaculture in CRFM Member States - recent initiatives and opportunities for up-scaling (
- 1. CARIBBEAN REGIONAL FISHERIES MECHANISMCARIBBEAN REGIONAL FISHERIES MECHANISM Addressing climate change issues in fisheries and aquaculture in CRFM Member States - recent initiatives and opportunities for up-scaling Caribbean and Pacific Agri-food Forum Link – Learn – Transform 03 – 04 November 2015 Barbados WS7 - Building partnerships and alliances to scale up climate-smart and adaptation solutions in the Caribbean
- 2. CARICOM Fisheries & Aquaculture - SituationCARICOM Fisheries & Aquaculture - Situation ReviewReview 1. Direct Employment: ~ 341,000 2. 2014 marine fish production - 136,661 mt, valued at US$370.5 Mn 3. 2014 aquaculture production – 8,566 mt, valued at US$49.8 Mn 3. Foreign Trade (>US$269 million in 2014) 4. Livelihood opportunities for socio- economically disadvantaged 5. Food security a. Fish – known source of high-quality protein, minerals and trace elements, fat- soluble vitamins, essential fatty acids b. Eating fish - part of the cultural traditions of Caribbean people (per capita intake averages 27kg/pers/pa) . c. Artisanal, small-scale fisheries employ and provide a ready source of protein for much of the rural poor in the coastal CARICOM Caribbean.
- 3. Key Issues and ChallengesKey Issues and Challenges
- 4. Policies, Strategies and Action Plans for addressingPolicies, Strategies and Action Plans for addressing CCA and DRM in Fisheries & AquacultureCCA and DRM in Fisheries & Aquaculture Caribbean Community Common Fisheries Policy (2011; 2014) Art 4 (4.3) Objectives Integrate environmental, coastal and marine management considerations into fisheries policy so as to safeguard fisheries and associated ecosystems from anthropogenic threats and to mitigate the impacts of climate change and natural disasters Art. 17 Public Awareness Establish research and education programmes to raise awareness of the impact of global warming, climate change, sea level rise and other environmental changes on the fisheries sector. Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management in Fisheries and Aquaculture – Strategy and Action Plan (2012) Improving the Outlook for Caribbean Coral Reefs – A Regional Plan of Action (2014 to 2019)
- 5. Impacts of Climate Change on Fisheries & AquacultureImpacts of Climate Change on Fisheries & Aquaculture Ocean Currents ENSO Sea Level Rise Rainfall River flows Lake levels Thermal structure Storm severity Storm frequency Acidification Production ecology Fishing & Aquaculture operations Community Livelihoods Wider society & economy Species composition Production & yield Distribution Diseases Coral bleaching Calcification Invasive alien species Safety & efficiency Infrastructure Adaptation & mitigation costs Market impacts Water allocation Loss & damage to assets Risk to health & life Displacement & conflict Situation exacerbated by: Overfishing Pollution Habitat destruction – Broader governance under CLME+ Project EAF Approach Biophysical changes from GHG accumulation Effects on: Impacts on: Modified from Badjeck et al., 2010 – Impacts of climate variability and change on fishery-based livelihoods. Marine Policy 34: 375-383.
- 6. Regional ProjectsRegional Projects • Strategic Programme for Climate Resilience (SPCR - IDB) • Climate Change Adaptation in the Eastern Caribbean Fisheries Sector (CC4FISH - GEF) • Supporting Institutional Structures to promote Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in the Caribbean Region (GIZ-REETA -1) • Climate Risk Insurance for the Caribbean Fisheries Sector (CFRIF - WB) • Evaluation of the technology options for bioenergy from Sargassum seaweed in a framework of environmental resource management (GIZ-REETA Sargassum Project) • Assessing the Potential for Turning Nuisance Sargassum Seaweed into Renewable Energy Products that Stimulate Green Industries on Small Island Developing States in the Caribbean (FSG- Sargassum Project)
- 7. Regional & International PartnershipsRegional & International Partnerships
- 8. Best Practices & Up-ScalingBest Practices & Up-Scaling • Early Warning and Emergency Response System for Fishers (SPCR & CC4FISH) High risk of fishers – injury, loss of life and property; impacts on livelihoods and contribution to national food security – focused on increasing resilience to, and mitigating the impacts of, climate change and variability mFisheries Tool developed by the Caribbean ICT Research Centre (UWI, St Augustine) and piloted in Tobago – GPS & at-sea tracking; SOS; Navigation tool (compass); First Aid videos – to be expanded and scaled up under SPCR and CC4FISH; Photo courtesy Hilroy Simon, Antigua KEY COMPONENTS • Real time and forecasted information on weather and seas conditions; • Sharing of information on best practices in safety- at-sea and DRM in fisheries; • Electronic capture of LEK; SUCCESS DEPENDS ON: • Available & affordable communications technology, equipment and services; • Sustained system management and usage • Efficient networking of national agencies with key roles; • Up-scaling from pilot local community to national level
- 9. Best Practices & Up-ScalingBest Practices & Up-Scaling • Caribbean Fisheries Risk Insurance Fund (WB- US State Department, FAO) considered global review of insurance schemes for small-scale fisheries in India, China, Africa, Chile among other countries – interest of international companies – demand for insurance – benefits of fisher organization; focused on incentivizing the uptake of climate smart and food security best practices in the fisheries sector – simultaneously increasing resilience to, and mitigating the impacts of, climate change and variability Photo courtesy Hilroy Simon, Antigua ESTABLISHMENT OF CARIBBEAN FISHERIES RISK INSURANCE FUND Identified fisheries assets that could be insured; Valued assets; Identified climate-smart & food security investments/best practices; Completed insurance demand survey; Proposed mechanisms for: • establishment and management of Fund (CCRIF or others); • engagement of private/public sector insurance companies; • criteria for accessing Fund (joint assessment of natural disaster and impacts on fisheries); • modification of existing marine policies – affordability, no- claim bonuses; group insurance; periodicity of premium payments; • mandatory insurance coverage for vessel registration and licensing – changes in legislation
- 10. Thanks for your attentionThanks for your attention
Editor's Notes
- Cover slide The Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism is a regional inter-governmental organization, established in 2003 in affiliation with the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) with a mandate to promote and facilitate the responsible utilization of the region's fisheries and other aquatic resources for the economic and social benefits of the current and future population of the region. It is comprised of 17 Member States, a Ministerial Council, a Caribbean Fisheries Forum and a Secretariat.
- CARICOM Fisheries Situation Review – on slide
- Key Issues and Challenged – on slide
- Policies, Strategies, Action Plans for addressing CCA and DRM in Fisheries and Aquaculture The guiding policy framework for the CRFM is the “Caribbean Community Common Fisheries Policy” (adopted by Ministerial Council in 2011, and by COTED in October 2014 as a regional policy document). The CCCFP explicitly includes among its objectives the integration of environmental, coastal and marine management considerations into fisheries policy so as to safeguard fisheries and associated ecosystems from anthropogenic threats and to mitigate the impacts of climate change and natural disasters. Relative to other sectors, attempts to actively address issues related to climate change adaptation and disaster risk management in fisheries and aquaculture at the regional level have been quite recent. In 2012 a Regional Strategy and Action Plan was developed (and approved by the Ministerial Council in 2013) and a number of high-priority projects identified for implementation at the regional, national and local levels. This Strategy is consistent with the Regional Framework for Development Resilient to Climate Change in the CDEMA Comprehensive Disaster Management Framework, among other regional initiatives. Development of the Strategy and Action Plan was made possible through a partnership arrangement among the CRFM, CCCCC, CDEMA, UWI and FAO. A Regional Plan of Action for improving the outlook of Caribbean Coral Reefs was developed in 2013 and approved by the MC for regional implementation in 2014. The associated partners included CCCCC, Australian Aid, Australian Government Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority and the CARICOM Secretariat.
- Impacts of Climate Change on Fisheries and Aquaculture To briefly highlight some of the issues faced in fisheries and aquaculture resulting from climate change and variability I refer to this slide, modified after Badjeck et al., 2010. The various biophysical changes brought about by accumulation of greenhouse gas emissions have effects on the production ecology of marine living species and therefore their availability of fisheries; as well as effects on the operations of fisheries and aquaculture; community livelihoods and even the wider society and economy. Apart from the obvious impacts on the animal life in the marine and freshwater ecosystems there are also socio-economic impacts pertaining to safety of person, infrastructure, human and animal health, market impacts among others. The impacts of climate change and variability are exacerbated by 3 main problems facing regional fisheries: (1) overfishing; (2) pollution; and (3) habitat destruction and modification. To address the complexity of issues an holistic approach to fisheries management is required. This approach is embodied in the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries, which is supported by policy statement of the Ministerial Council in 2013 and which will revolutionize the way we manage fisheries in future. The EAF approach is supported by the Caribbean Large Marine Ecosystem Project, under which the CRFM is implementing a Sub-project on EAF management of the eastern Caribbean Flyingfish Fishery which we are seeking to upscale at the level of the WECAFC, to include the French Overseas Departments of Martinique and Guadeloupe. The EAF approach, by its very nature requires engagement of stakeholders in the management decision-making process (commonly referred to as the participatory approach) and taking decisions even in the absence of data and information in the interest of long-term sustainability of fisheries and aquaculture (precautionary approach).
- Regional Projects So what has happened since 2012 following from development of the Regional Strategy and Action Plan for CCA and DRM in Fisheries and Aquaculture? A number of regional projects to address CCA and DRM in fisheries and aquaculture have been conceptualized and these are at various stages of development. These projects are focused on (1) integrating climate risk and resilience into development policies and planning; (2) increasing resilience (reducing vulnerability) of fishers and fish farmers and identifying feasible adaptation measures; (3) mainstreaming CCA and DRM into multi-level governance; (d) promoting renewable energy and energy efficiency; and (e) building the related capacity in the respective areas.
- Regional Partnerships These Projects provide opportunity for strengthening existing partnerships and developing new ones, to facilitate a coordinated regional approach to effectively addressing CCA and DRM in fisheries and aquaculture.
- Best-Practices and Up-scaling Not having completed any of the projects there is a challenge to provide specific best practices for scaling up. Initiatives to explore possible uses of the invasive Sargassum seaweed are likely to result in spin-off business activity but this is dependent on the supply of raw product. As well initiatives to explore options for full utilization of key commercial species and under-utilized species hold similar promise. However, the CRFM is learning from the experiences of others as it moves forward, and based on interactions with stakeholders there are at least two projects which we believe would widely appeal to our stakeholders in the fishing sector. Climate variability and change are likely to result in increased frequency and severity of natural disasters (storms, hurricanes, etc.) Fishers by the very nature and location of their work are at high risk – injury, loss of life and property, impacts on livelihoods and ability to contribute to food security. The two projects will increase resilience of fishing communities to the impacts of climate change and variability and also seek to mitigate such impacts. The 1st initiative is the Early Warning and Emergency Response System for Fishers – to be implemented under the SPCR. This initiative is based on a pilot undertaken by the Caribbean ICT Research Centre in Tobago to explore implementation of a mobile intervention in the small-scale fisheries sector – specific emphasis is on the safety at sea, emergency response and navigation features – which include GPS and at-sea tracking, SOS, compass and first aid videos – and is to be expanded to allow communication of forecasted and real time information on weather and ocean conditions, sharing of information on best practices in safety-at-sea and managing risks associated with climate change and variability; facilitate electronic capture of LEK. Apart from availability and affordability of the technological infrastructure, equipment and services, success of this initiative is dependent on sustained management of the system and its usage (national champion); efficient networking of national agencies with key roles (Fisheries Management Authority, Fisher Organizations, NEMA, Maritime, Meteorological, Search and Rescue such as Coast Guard and Marine Police, Health Services as well as Communications Service Providers); up-scaling from local pilot sites to the national level.
- Best Practices and Up-scaling The 2nd initiative addresses risk insurance for the fisheries sector. The main objective is to incentivize the uptake of climate-smart/food security best practices in the fisheries sector while at the same time addressing resilience in the sector to a changing climate. Innovative aspects of the insurance concept include provision of affordable insurance premiums with possible subsidization linked to the application of best practice, climate smart behaviour, including the application of sustainable fishing practices. A survey was funded by the World Bank and conducted in collaboration with the US State Department, FAO, WECAFC, CNFO in CRFM Member States - part of the global initiative on Blue Growth - in support of the US efforts for Climate Smart Food Security and Caribbean Oceans and Aquaculture Sustainability Facility (COAST) to: (1) identify fisheries assets that could be insured; (2) value the assets identified; (3) identify climate-smart fisheries investments/practices; and (4) undertake an insurance demand survey. The survey findings, still in draft form, identifies the need for insurance policies to cover third party liability, damage and loss of infrastructure, fishing vessels and gear, including damage and loss caused by natural calamities, limited medical expenses and possibly theft. The report proposes an organizational and management arrangement for a Caribbean Fisheries Risk Insurance Facility (CFRIF) – a mechanism for triggering joint assessment of a natural disaster and impacts on the fishing sector to facilitate access to the fund by affiliated insurance companies. The report suggests a phased approach to making insurance mandatory for the registration of fishing vessels, which in some countries will require changes to existing legislation.