The document discusses the value of the global ocean economy at over $1 trillion annually and 500 million jobs, but that poor management is putting these goods and services at risk and costing societies hundreds of billions of dollars per year. It analyzes proven strategic planning methodologies and policy instruments that could help reverse issues like overfishing, coastal hypoxia, invasive species, and generate hundreds of billions in additional investment if scaled up globally. Modest public investments of around $5 billion could catalyze transforming markets to sustain the ocean's economic contributions indefinitely.
Introduction of IWEco Project, April 2019 pdf (1)iweco-project
An introduction to the GEF-funded Integrating Water, Land and Ecosystems Management in Caribbean Small island Developing States (IWEco) Project, presented at the Project's Third Regional Project Steering Committee Meeting, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 2 April 2019
IWRM in Practice - Operationalising IWRM at Basin Level: Niger River Basin Ca...Iwl Pcu
Presentation by Ousmane Diallo, Water Resources & Environment Specialist, GEF Project & Shared Vision Coordinator (NBA) at the International Conference on IWRM in Tokyo - December 2004
Presented by Jaap de Heer
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
It All Ends Up In Our Water: Saving our Coastal and Freshwaters From Land and...Iwl Pcu
Presentation delivered by Thomas Hammond during the GEF STAP session during the 6th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference in 2011 in Dubrovnik, Croatia.
Transform Aqorau, Forum Fisheries Agency
Presentation given during the 5th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference in Cairns, Australia (during the host region project results and expectations session).
Presented by Md. Khaleduzzaman
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
Adaptive Delta Management Approach and Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100Dr. Md. Taibur Rahman
Concept and process of Adaptive Delta Management Approach and Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 being prepared by Planning Commission, Government of Bangladesh with TA support from Government of Netherlands
Tracking Coastal Hypoxia: Learning from the Evidence for Remediation (IWC6 Pr...Iwl Pcu
Presentation delivered by Robert Diaz on Hypoxia during the Hypoxia Breaktime presentation by GEF Stap session during the 6th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference in 2011 in Dubrovnik, Croatia.
Introduction of IWEco Project, April 2019 pdf (1)iweco-project
An introduction to the GEF-funded Integrating Water, Land and Ecosystems Management in Caribbean Small island Developing States (IWEco) Project, presented at the Project's Third Regional Project Steering Committee Meeting, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 2 April 2019
IWRM in Practice - Operationalising IWRM at Basin Level: Niger River Basin Ca...Iwl Pcu
Presentation by Ousmane Diallo, Water Resources & Environment Specialist, GEF Project & Shared Vision Coordinator (NBA) at the International Conference on IWRM in Tokyo - December 2004
Presented by Jaap de Heer
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
It All Ends Up In Our Water: Saving our Coastal and Freshwaters From Land and...Iwl Pcu
Presentation delivered by Thomas Hammond during the GEF STAP session during the 6th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference in 2011 in Dubrovnik, Croatia.
Transform Aqorau, Forum Fisheries Agency
Presentation given during the 5th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference in Cairns, Australia (during the host region project results and expectations session).
Presented by Md. Khaleduzzaman
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
Adaptive Delta Management Approach and Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100Dr. Md. Taibur Rahman
Concept and process of Adaptive Delta Management Approach and Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 being prepared by Planning Commission, Government of Bangladesh with TA support from Government of Netherlands
Tracking Coastal Hypoxia: Learning from the Evidence for Remediation (IWC6 Pr...Iwl Pcu
Presentation delivered by Robert Diaz on Hypoxia during the Hypoxia Breaktime presentation by GEF Stap session during the 6th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference in 2011 in Dubrovnik, Croatia.
Introduction to the ecosystem approach as a framework for management of ecosy...Iwl Pcu
7th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference in Barbados Presentation on ecosystem approach as a framework for management of ecosystem use by Rhodes University
Global Nitrogen Cycle, Eutrophication, and Coastal Hypoxia: State of Knowledg...Iwl Pcu
Presentation delivered by Robert Diaz during the GEF STAP session during the 6th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference in 2011 in Dubrovnik, Croatia.
Address to the Global Water Partnership (GWP)'s Consulting Partners Meeting 2009, on the subject of facing development challenges regarding climate change, natural hazards and sustainable tourism in the Caribbean.
Based on the findings of the SUBMARINER Compendium, the SUBMARINER Roadmap presents the key issues that require joint efforts in the Baltic Sea Region in order to enhance blue-green growth in the region while sustaining and improving its natural capital and, in particular, the Baltic Sea itself. The SUBMARINER Roadmap is the most important strategic reference document for the broad range of initiatives that the SUBMARINER Network engages in.
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP
Effects of Marine Renewables and other marine uses on Biodiversity – Atlantic Area
20th November, 2012
The importance of ecological economics, sustainable management of ecosystems services and biodiversity valuation and risk management
Valuation of Marine Ecosystem Goods & Services in the Caribbean: A review and...Iwl Pcu
7th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference in Barbados Presentation on Valuation of Marine Ecosystem Goods & Services in the Caribbean by Patrick Debels and Laverne Walker
The SUBMARINER Compendium has been designed to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive picture of the contribution the Baltic Sea Region can make to European wide initiatives on Blue Growth and a sustainable bioeconomy. The current state of knowledge has been gathered and set against the backdrop of environmental, institutional and regulatory conditions for all innovative marine uses investigated within the SUBMARINER project. As a result of this, the Compendium also provides an overview on obstacles and limitations to more widespread adoption or expansion under current conditions as well as recommendations to address these obstacles.
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Michael Scoullos, Water resources management & BRs in the Mediterranean
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
Fresh water is a diminishing resource worldwide. The accommodation sector is extremely vulnerable yet capable of reducing its consumption while saving money and assuring a more sustainable future. This workshop enables property owners and operators to develop their individual water conservation plan, resulting in an immediate reduction in water demand from guests, staff and ongoing operations.
Workshop 7: Building Partnerships and Alliances to Scale Up Climate-smart and Adaptation Solutions in the Caribbeanat The Caribbean-Pacific Agri-Food Forum 2015 (CPAF2015) taking place 2-6 November in Barbados with support from the Intra-ACP Agricultural Policy programme, organized in partnership with the Barbados Agricultural Society (BAS) and the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA). http://www.cta.int/en/news/caribbean-pacific-agri-food-forum.html
Pecha Kucha format presentation about innovative tools being developed by the GEF-UNEP Flood and Drought Management Tools project, by Raul Glotzbach in the 8th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference.
Pecha Kucha format presentation about innovative solutions being deployed by the Caribbean Wastewater Project (Revolving Fund) GEF-IADB/UNEP, by Alfredo Coelloin the 8th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference.
Large Marine Ecosystems: Megaregional Best Practices for LME Assessment and M...Iwl Pcu
Workshop convened at GEF – IWC8
Negombo, Sri Lanka
May 9, 2016
Kenneth Sherman, NOAA
LME Program
Andrew Hudson, UNDP
Water and Ocean Governance Programme
Slides used during the science to communication workshop in the 8th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference, to explain how to understand and communicate with an audience better when presenting.
Presentation by Chris O'Brien, of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (Bay of Bengal LME project) during the science to communication workshop in the 8th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference. The presentations focuses on how to create effective powerpoint slides.
How to communicate science effectively (IWC8 Presentation)Iwl Pcu
Presentation by Professor Sevvandi Jajakody, of the Wayamba University(Bay of Bengal LME project) during the science to communication workshop in the 8th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference.
Presentation by Chris O'Brien, of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (Bay of Bengal LME project) during the science to communication workshop in the 8th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference.
Presentation by Peter Whalley, International Nitrogen Management System GEF- UNEP project providing an introduction to the nitrogen roundtable at the 8th GEF Biennial International Waters conference
Presentation by Hugh Walton of the GEF-UNDP Pacific Fisheries project 4746 at the 8th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference.
GEF Pillar 1.2 Promoting Transformational Change in Major Global Industries
Hugh Walton – Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
Background - The FFA region
GEF OFMP – 2001 – 2004 & 2005 – 2011
Evaluation in the context of transformational change
OFMP 2 – 2015 – 2019 – Setting the stage for institutional change
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024
Catalysing Ocean Finance: Transforming Markets to Restore and Protect the Global Ocean
1. Catalysing Ocean Finance:
Transforming Markets to Restore
and Protect the Global Ocean
Andrew Hudson, Head,
UNDP Water & Ocean
Governance Programme
7th GEF IW Conference
Barbados
30 October 2013
2. Value of ‘blue’ ocean to the ‘green’ economy
• Food security
• Tourism
• Transport
• Energy (fossil
fuels, renewables…)
• Ecosystem Services
(carbon and nutrient
cycling , climate
moderation, habitat, etc.)
• Poverty Reduction – GDP
contribution ocean sectors
as high as 20% in some
developing countries
3. Market value of ocean goods & services
Sector
Fisheries &
Aquaculture
Value
$100 billion/year, 45 million jobs
Transport/Shipping $435 billion/year, 13.5 million jobs, moves
90% international trade
Oil & Gas
30% global oil is offshore, $90
billion/year, increasing
Tourism
5% global GDP, 6% global jobs, coastal is
major segment, ~$271 billion/year
(US as proxy)
Global contribution ~$1 trillion/year, 500 million jobs
of the ‘ocean
economy’
4. But our oceans – and trillions $ in goods
and services - are at serious risk ….
Overfishing
Coastal hypoxia
Invasive Species
Habitat Loss
Ocean Acidification
Most are accelerating
5. Global costs of poor ocean management
on socioeconomic development
Ocean Issue
Overfishing
Costs to Society
$50 billion/year
Coastal Hypoxia/Eutrophication $200 - $790 billion/year
Invasive Aquatic Species
$100 billion/year
Coastal Habitat Loss
Unknown but large
Ocean acidification
$1.2 trillion/year (2100)
in “BAU” scenario
Total Costs today at least
$350 - $940 billion/year
6. Market & Policy failures drive ocean degradation
Ocean Issue
Market/Policy Failure(s)
Coastal hypoxia/eutrophication (fertilizer
& manure run-off, poorly treated
wastewater)
Lack of internalizing cost of nutrient
damage into price of fertilizer and human
& livestock wastewater management
Marine Invasive Species – shipping as
main vector
Lack of internalizing economic damage
invasives into shipping operations,
internalize cost to clean up ship ballast
water
Loss Coastal Habitats
Lack proper valuation of ecosystem
services coastal habitats provide
Overfishing
Lack internalizing socioeconomic and
environmental costs of overfishing into
(sustainable) fisheries management; ‘bad’
subsidies to fisheries
Ocean acidification (dissolution of
anthropogenic CO2 into ocean)
Lack of proper price on carbon which
incorporates environmental and economic
damage of acidification
8. Three Ocean Planning Instruments
(Volume II – Methodologies
& Case Studies)
• Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis/Strategic
Action Programme (TDA/SAP)
• Integrated Coastal Management/Framework
for Sustainable Development of Coastal Areas
(ICM/SDCA)
• Building on Regional and Global Ocean Legal
Frameworks
10. GEF-UNDP-IMO GloBallast Programme
• 2004 adoption international convention ship’s ballast
water & sediments; likely to come into force soon
• 70+ countries & several regions reforming policies &
legislation for convention compliance
• $100 million+ ballast water treatment R&D
• New ballast water treatment industry ~$35 billion
11. UNDP-GEF support to Reversing Eutrophication
& Hypoxia in Danube River/Black Sea
•
$3 billion catalysed nutrient reduction investments (>200) delivered 25,000 mt/year
N, 4,000 mt/year P pollution reduction, comparable to observed reductions in Danube
nutrient loads to Black Sea
• Reversal of large scale Black Sea hypoxic area, ecosystem in recovery
• For N, P, Chl-a, 68, 88, 100% Danube
waters rated Class I or II water quality
12. Tangible Impacts on other Marine Systems
Yellow
Sea
Large
Marine
Ecosystem – commitments to
reduce fishing pressure 2530%, reduce nutrient discharges
10% every 5 years through
2015, scale up MPAs and
sustainable mariculture
Rio de la Plata/Maritime Front $2.62 billion in commitments to
pollution reduction and wetland
protection
East Asian Seas/PEMSEA – 11% of
region’s coastline with ICM
programmes against near zero
baseline early 90’s; 20% ICM target
by 2015; over $10 billion in
cumulative
environmental
investments leveraged through
ICM programmes
W/C Pacific Ocean Fisheries –
fisheries representing 40% world’s
tuna stocks
moving towards
sustainability – VMS, observers,
ecosystem-based catch quotas,
etc. Tripling of tuna landings/value
by Pacific Island countries.
13. Case Studies – Catalytic Finance Ratios
GEF
Grant(s)
($
million)
Catalysed
Public &
Private
Finance
($ million)
Catalytic
Finance
Ratio
51.89
2,983
57
Yellow Sea
15.1
10,863
737
Rio de la
Plata/MF
9.31
2,620
281
PEMSEA
36.1
10,000
277
W/C Pacific
Fisheries
15.1
3,214
213
14
35,000
2,500
141.144
64,680
458
UNDP/GEF
Program
Danube/Black
Sea basin
GloBallast
TOTAL
14. Using these UNDP/GEF results and public costs and other
research/info as proxies, what would be the approximate:
- Public costs
- Catalysed finance
- Benefits
of scaling up proven ocean planning methodologies and policy
instruments to address ocean challenges globally?
16. Restoring Depleted Fisheries
Strategic Planning Methodologies
Policy Instruments
Build on Global & Regional Legal & Institutional
Frameworks
• Complete WTO negotiations to phase out
negative fisheries subsidies
• Strengthen RFMOs & LME institutions
Shift negative fisheries subsidies $16 billion/yr to
sustainable aquaculture, MPA, improved management
TDA/SAP: Scale up in ~50 LMEs/fisheries areas
facing depletion/overexploitation
CBD Aichi Biodiversity Target #11:
10% oceans under MPAs
ICM as cross sectoral tool to promote
sustainable fishing & aquaculture
Ensure sound science, ecosystem-based approaches, data
sharing, precautionary principle in RFMOs & LME
Scale up Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQ), potential
revenue up to $40 billion/year, $ to MPA, sustainable
aquaculture, improved management
UN Fish Stocks Agreement, FAO Code of Conduct, Port
State Measures, etc.
250,000
Reversing Overfishing (US$ millions)
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
One time
public costs
One time
catalysed
Finance
Recurring
public costs
(per year)
Recurring Avoided Costs
catalysed (Benefits) per
finance (per
year
year)
17. Coastal hypoxic & eutrophic areas increasing
geometrically due to tripling of nitrogen loads to ocean
18. Reversing Ocean Hypoxia
Strategic Planning Methodologies
Policy Instruments
Scale up TDA/SAP in 20 remaining LMEs
(& linked river basins) facing hypoxia
Nutrient management regulations
Scale up ICM in LMEs as tool to leverage
local level nutrient pollution reduction
investments and protect nutrient sinks
Nutrient emissions cap and trade in river basins
(national, regional)
Fertilizer subsidy reform
Subsidies to agricultural nutrient reduction practices and
technology
Subsidies to wastewater and industrial nutrient recovery & re-use
Global nutrient reduction fund capitalised by innovative financial
mechanism(s)
$600,000
Reversing Coastal Hypoxia
(US $ millions)
$500,000
$400,000
$300,000
$200,000
$100,000
$0
One time public costs
One time Catalysed
Finance
Avoided Costs (Benefits)
per year
19. Risks from invasive species will worsen as
shipping trade continues to grow rapidly
20. Preventing aquatic invasives – ship hull fouling
Strategic Planning Methodologies
Policy Instruments
Build on guidelines and/or anticipated
international instrument on Ship Hull Fouling
Tools, methodologies, standards & guidelines
on hull fouling management
Incorporate hull fouling issue into LME
TDA/SAPs where invasives are priority issue
Support to negotiations and enhanced
capacity for implementation of possible new
international agreement
Facilitate private sector technology R&D
Marine Invasive Species - Hull Fouling
(US $ millions)
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
One time public costs
One time Catalysed
Finance
Avoided Costs (Benefits)
per year
21. As atmospheric CO2 continues to rise, ocean pH dropping (=
increasing ocean acidity) at fastest rate in 25 million
years, threatening very basis of marine ecosystems
22. As international trade continues to
grow rapidly, shipping CO2 emissions
projected to triple or more in BAU
23. Blue Carbon – potential contribution
to climate change mitigation
• “Blue Carbon” coastal habitats –
mangroves, seagrasses especially – significant carbon
sinks, much higher than tropical forests on a C/ha/year
basis
• Comprehensive program to protect and restore key
blue carbon sites could represent 0.4 – 3.0% (0.15 –
1.02 Gt CO2/year) of present day CO2 emissions
• Beyond CC benefits, substantial additional economic
benefits would be realized - adaptation benefits
(protecting coasts from storm surges, etc.) and
maintaining other ecosystem services of coastal
habitats (fish spawning areas and
nurseries, recreation, etc.).
24. Ocean sectors contribution to
slowing ocean acidification
Strategic Planning Methodologies
Policy Instruments
Build on UNFCCC (or new MEA)
• Ocean pH target (minimum)
• Adoption & implementation of Blue Carbon
Amend UNFCCC to incorporate safe ocean acidity
limit & catalyse action (or create new multi-lateral
environmental agreement – MEA)
Build on new IMO ship energy efficiency guidelines
Tools, methodologies, standards & guidelines to
promote uptake of IMO energy efficiency guidelines
• Ship EE management plans (SEEMP)
• Ship EE design standards (EEDI)
• Facilitate private sector R&D
ICM, TDA/SAP to help promote scaling up local and
national Blue Carbon initiatives
Robust blue carbon inventory methodologies help to
mainstream blue carbon into carbon finance
Ocean sectors contribution to reversing
ocean acidification (US $ millions)
160,000
140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
One time public
costs
One time
Catalysed
Finance
Recurring
Catalysed
Finance
Avoided Costs
(Benefits) per
year
25. Conclusions
• Reversing ocean degradation is not an intractable problem
• Ocean sustainability can be a legacy of today’s generation of
decision makers
• A modest additional public investment of around $5 billion over
10-20 years could be sufficient to catalyse hundreds of
billions, transform ocean markets and sustain the trillions of
dollars in ocean goods and services into perpetuity
• But these ocean planning processes and catalysis of action and
investment, take TIME, ocean degradation is geometric, need to
take action immediately to prevent continued decline and
possible ‘tipping points’
26. Catalysing Ocean Finance credits & thanks
Authors:
• Volume II - Alfred Duda, Global Environment Facility (Chap 1.1); Yihang
Jiang, UNDP-GEF Yellow Sea LME Project (Chap 1.2; Chap 1.3: Case Study #2);
Andrew Hudson, UNDP-GEF (Chap 1.3: Case Study #1; Chap 3.1, 3.2); Percy
Nugent, UNDP-GEF FrePlata Project, (Chap 1.3: Case Study #3); Adrian Ross, UNDPGEF PEMSEA Programme (Chap 2.1, 2.2, 2.3: Case Study #4); Barbara
Hanchard, UNDP-GEF-FFA Pacific Oceanic Fisheries Project (Chap 3.3: Case Study
#5); Jose Matheickal, UNDP-GEF-IMO GloBallast Programme (Chap 3.3: Case Study
#6); Volume I - Andrew Hudson/Yannick Glemarec
Peer Reviewers:
• Dandu Pughiuc, Head, Marine Biosafety Section, International Maritime
Organization; Carol Turley, Senior Scientist, Plymouth Marine Laboratory; Paul
Holthus, Executive Director, World Ocean Council; Ned Cyr, Director, Office of
Science and Technology, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA); Peter Whalley, Independent Consultant; Robert Diaz, Professor of Marine
Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science; Chua Thia-Eng, Chair, PEMSEA
Partnership Council
• Designer: Kimberly Koserowski, First Kiss Creative LLC
• Project Management: Jane Fulton, UNDP
Editor's Notes
In this presentation I will review the key results from “Catalysing Ocean Finance”, a recently launched UNDP/GEF report which documents twenty years of UNDP/GEF experience in promoting the protection and restoration of some of the world’s most important marine ecosystems. This report documents the successful application of three key ocean strategic planning methodologies that have proven highly effective in creating the necessary enabling policy environment for leveraging significant financial flows towards more sustainable ocean use.
Summarizes major ocean using and dependent sectors and critical role of oceans in provision of ecosystem services and to poverty reduction
Reviews and adds up estimates of the economic value of different ocean sectors to the world (market) economy.
Despite a number of commitments made by governments and other stakeholders over the last twenty or more years at global, regional, national and local levels, on the whole ocean health remains in decline globally and, perhaps most alarming, nearly all aggregate indicators for ocean health show degradation continuing geometrically/exponentially vs. linearly.
Summarizes and adds up estimated socioeconomic costs of poor ocean management and unsustainable use of marine resources. Contemporary costs to human societies may approach US $1 trillion per year; climate change impacts (warming, acidification, habitat degradation, etc.) will only increase these figures further.
All of the key challenges facing ocean ecosystems derive from various policy and market failures which result in environmental externalities which impact the oceans. Solutions to each of these challenges require ‘internalizing’ these externalities into the costs of ocean using and ocean impacting industries and markets.
When one reviews recent popular media, one could get the impression that our oceans have already passed point of no return in terms of degradation and ‘tipping points’. However, UNDP/GEF experience demonstrates that there remains substantial hope and opportunities to reverse these negative trends and place the global oceans back on the path to sustainability.
These are the 3 core strategic planning methodologies and approaches UNDP/GEF has successfully applied over the last 20 years that have helped to create an enabling policy environment (at global, regional, national and/or local scales) that in turn has served to catalyse significant public and private financial flows for ocean restoration and protection and in several cases, delivered measurable improvements in ocean ecosystem status and associated livelihoods.
GEF-UNDP-IMOGloBallast program played (and continues to play) a pivotal catalytic role in the processes that led to the negotiation, adoption and ratification of the international convention on ship’s ballast water and sediments. In addition to assisting over 70 countries with the governance reforms necessary for compliance and implementation of the convention, through a series of activities such as Global R&D fora, technology directories, the Global Industry Alliance on Ship Ballast water, and others, the program has helped to catalyse the creation of a whole new ballast water treatment industry, expected to be valued in the tens of billions of dollars when ships are required to achieve compliance with the convention once it enters into force.
From the late 1980’s, the NW shelf of the Black Sea was experiencing severe eutrophication and hypoxia leading to species and habitat loss and socioeconomic impacts which reached $500 million per year. Over a nearly 20 year period, UNDP/GEF helped the 17 countries of the Danube/Black Sea basin to better understand the immediate and root (policy failure) causes of the hypoxia and to put in place the necessary policies, legislation and investments needed to reduce nutrient pollution in the basin. Through the identification and facilitation of pollution reduction investments, the series of GEF projects helped to catalyse over $3 billion in public and private sector investments and sizeable reductions in Danube and Black Sea pollution loads. This ultimately led to the reversal of the Black Sea hypoxia area (one of world’s first documented reversal of a major hypoxic zone) and measurable improvements in the status of both the Danube and Black Sea ecosystems.
This slide summarizes the key results of the other 4 case studies in Catalysing Ocean Finance, each example documenting leverage of billions of dollars in public and private financial flows catalysed by the enhanced enabling policy environment created through the GEF projects.
This slide summarizes the 6 case studies: total GEF grant (via multiple, 2-4, GEF projects over 13-20 year time frames), the total catalysed public and private finance, and the ‘catalytic finance ratio’ of the latter two figures. The ratios range from 57-2,5000 with a cumulative catalytic ratio of 458 leveraging nearly $65 billion.
Catalysing Ocean Finance then examined the question, drawing from the 6 case studies as ‘proxies’ for estimating the costs required to transform markets and restore ocean ecosystems, what would be the approximate public costs, socioeconomic benefits and total catalysed finance associated with a global scaling up of these methodologies to address the key ocean challenges comprehensively.
Roughly 40% of global stocks now overexploited or collapsed; wild fisheries catch has been flat at about 80 million mt/year since the mid-1980’s, deficit largely made up from aquaculture which now makes up about 46% of globally consumed seafood products by volume. WB/FAO estimate approximate $50 billion annual economic loss due to overfishing.
One time catalysed finance $238 bn. reflects scaling up of UNDP/GEF experience with moving Yellow Sea and W/C Pacific fisheries towards sustainability (which alone represent 5% global fish catch). One time public costs dominated by costs to establish MPAs to achieve 10% Aichi target of 10% of world oceans under MPA, recurring public costs similarly dominated by annual management costs of MPAs. Recurring catalysed finance represents redirection of ‘bad’ subsidies ($16 billion/yr) and use of Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) revenue (~$40 billion/yr) towards more sustainable fishing and aquaculture practices. Avoided costs represents elimination of the estimated annual $50 billion economic loss due to overfishing
Now nearly 500 hypoxic areas globally, doubling roughly every 10 years since beginning 20th century. Dominated in Europe, US, Australia but increasingly appearing in rapidly growing regions including East Asia, South Asia and Latin America. Under business as usual scenario, global nitrogen loads to ocean will double or triple again by 2050, seriously exacerbating ocean hypoxia, and most of this growth is projected to occur in the developing world.
One time public costs about $2.5 billion to scale up TDA/SAP (too small to be visible in this graph) and local/national ICM programs in LMEs impacted by hypoxia. One time catalysed finance about $80 billion calculated via global scaling up of UNDP/GEF experience in Danube/Black Sea to LMEs impacted by hypoxia. Avoided costs represent average of estimated range ($200-$790 billion/year) global socioeconomic impacts of eutrophication and hypoxia.
Main two vectors for global transfer of aquatic invasive species are ship ballast water (5 billion tons being transferred around the world at any given moment) and ship hull fouling. 100’s of invasions have already occurred, causing estimated $100 billion/year in economic damages, and will only increase unless these two vectors are controlled much more effectively. Unlike pollution, overfishing, etc. aquatic invasions are nearly impossible to reverse so the ecosystem and socioeconomic damages are inherently permanent and therefore worse. Through GEF-UNDP-IMO GloBallast program, int’l community has made tremendous steps to reduce the risks from ballast carried invasives but similar steps are needed to address the risks from hull fouling.
One time public costs of around $20 million (too small to be visible in graph) would be for a GEF or other global initiative, modeled after GloBallast, to catalyse public and private action on ship hull fouling through governance reform and cataysed investment. Policy etc. commitments articulated under a global framework would in parallel be mainstreamed into LME management programs to facilitate uptake at regional and national levels (as was done by GloBallast).
Marine organisms threatened by ocean acidification include those that fix calcium carbonate in their shells, not only shellfish but a sizeable fraction of the world’s phytoplankton, the basis of the ocean food chain that produce half of the oxygen delivered to us by the biosphere. Lower pH can also negatively impact other aspects of organismal functioning – respiration, growth, reproduction, communication, etc. Ocean pH dropping at fastest rate in at least last 60 million years and previous major changes in ocean pH have been associated with mass extinction events.Pteropods (keystone zooplankton species) in Antarctic already showing impacts of acidification as it is happening fastest there due to cold water absorbing CO2 more readily. In ‘business as usual’ CO2 emissions scenario, ocean pH, already decreased by 0.1 pH unit, by 2100 could drop a further 0.3-0.4 units with potentially catastrophic effects on marine ecosystems. Only solution to ocean acidification is to reduce CO2 emissions, geoengineering solutions that regulate solar input to earth would not address acidification (could speed it up in fact with less incentive to reduce CO2)SEM photo on top right of incompletely formed marine coccolithophorid grown under lower pH environment.
Global shipping volume has been growing at 3-4% per year and projected to continue to do so for the foreseeable future especially as middle income/BRICs continue rapid growth and associated increase in purchasing power. Worst case scenario, shipping could grow to 12-18% of global CO2 emissions. Through IMO, international community recently passed aggressive ship design (EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index) and energy efficiency (SEEMP Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plans), regulations went into effect 1 Jan 2013. A concerted international (UN, industry, governments) effort to implement the new standards could avoid nearly 1 Gigaton CO2 emissions from shipping compared to the ‘business as usual’ scenario, this represents about 3% of present day global CO2 emissions so would be a sizeable contribution and prevent shipping from becoming a major piece of the climate change problem.
Robust blue carbon methodologies are needed and presently being developed to permit blue carbon schemes access to carbon markets and promote a global scaling up of Blue Carbon in same context as REDD.
One time public costs for 1. shipping EE initiative modeled after GloBallast ($20 m.), 2. scaling up Blue Carbon initiatives in the 40 countries that host the majority of seagrass and mangrove habitat biomass ($400-800 m.). One time catalysed finance is estimated private sector flows for new investments in controlling hull fouling ($20 billion), recurring catalysed finance is $0.3-5.1 billion/year in global sales of blue carbon credits. Avoided costs represents contribution of avoided shipping and blue carbon CO2 emissions to reduced global impacts of CC drawing from Stern report. Use ICM and TDA/SAP as tools to help mainstream blue carbon into regional, national and local ocean planning processes.