International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Single Phase to Three Phase PFC Half-Bridge Converter Using BLDC Drive with...IJERA Editor
In this paper, a buck half-bridge DC-DC converter is used as a single-stage power factor correction (PFC) converter for feeding a voltage source inverter (VSI) based permanent magnet brushless DC motor (BLDC) drive. The front end of this PFC converter is a diode bridge rectifier (DBR) fed from single-phase AC mains. The BLDC is used to drive a compressor load of an air conditioner through a three-phase VSI fed from a controlled DC link voltage. The speed of the compressor is controlled to achieve energy conservation using a concept of the voltage control at DC link proportional to the desired speed of the BLDC. Therefore the VSI is operated only as an electronic commutator of the BLDC. The stator current of the BLDC during step change of reference speed is controlled by a rate limiter for the reference voltage at DC link. The proposed BLDC drive with voltage control based PFC converter is designed, modeled and its performance is simulated in Matlab-Simulink environment for an air conditioner compressor driven through a 1.5 kW, 1500 rpm BLDC motor. The evaluation results of the proposed speed control scheme are presented to demonstrate an improved efficiency of the proposed drive system with PFC feature in wide range of the speed and an input AC voltage.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Single Phase to Three Phase PFC Half-Bridge Converter Using BLDC Drive with...IJERA Editor
In this paper, a buck half-bridge DC-DC converter is used as a single-stage power factor correction (PFC) converter for feeding a voltage source inverter (VSI) based permanent magnet brushless DC motor (BLDC) drive. The front end of this PFC converter is a diode bridge rectifier (DBR) fed from single-phase AC mains. The BLDC is used to drive a compressor load of an air conditioner through a three-phase VSI fed from a controlled DC link voltage. The speed of the compressor is controlled to achieve energy conservation using a concept of the voltage control at DC link proportional to the desired speed of the BLDC. Therefore the VSI is operated only as an electronic commutator of the BLDC. The stator current of the BLDC during step change of reference speed is controlled by a rate limiter for the reference voltage at DC link. The proposed BLDC drive with voltage control based PFC converter is designed, modeled and its performance is simulated in Matlab-Simulink environment for an air conditioner compressor driven through a 1.5 kW, 1500 rpm BLDC motor. The evaluation results of the proposed speed control scheme are presented to demonstrate an improved efficiency of the proposed drive system with PFC feature in wide range of the speed and an input AC voltage.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Analysis of a High Efficiency Boost-Inverter with Back-up Battery Storage in ...irjes
paper, proposes an analysis and design of a high efficiency boost-inverter with bidirectional back-up battery storage in fuel cell. When low-voltage unregulated fuel cell (FC) output is conditioned to generate AC power, two stages are required: a boost stage and an inversion one. In this paper, the boost-inverter topology that achieves both boosting and inversion functions in a single-stage is used to develop an FC-based energy system which offers high conversion efficiency, low-cost and compactness. The proposed system incorporates additional battery-based energy storage and a DC-DC bi-directional converter to support instantaneous load changes. The output voltage of the boost-inverter is voltage-mode controlled and the DC-DC bidirectional converter is current-mode controlled. The load low frequency current ripple is supplied by the battery which minimizes the effects of such ripple being drawn directly from the FC itself. Analysis, simulation results are presented to confirm the operational performance of the proposed system.
In present days of electrical industries, adjustable speed controlled induction
motor drives are very common due to its versatile features. For the speed control of induction
motor, variable frequency sources are the heart of such drives. To attain variable frequency
and variable voltage supply a power electronics device; single phase matrix converter is
proposed.
In this paper, the single phase matrix converter is modeled in MATLAB Simulink
environment; controlled with sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique, control scheme is
implemented in a Xilinx system generator environment and interfaced with power circuit in
MATLAB Simulink. Analyses this SPMC with different type of loads in both frequency step
up and step down modes. Based on simulation results, this converter is suitable for variable
frequency power supplies, varying load conditions and variable speed electrical drives.
FPGA control is best suitable for controlling a circuit like SPMC, consists of more
controlled elements to attain fast operation.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Comparison between an Interleaved Boost Converter and CUK Converter Fed BLDC ...IJPEDS-IAES
There is a great concern of torque ripple and power quality of three phase
voltage source converter fed Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor
(PMBLDCM). In this paper, two control strategies for BLDC motor drive
has been investigated. One of the control strategies is based on PFC - CUK
converter fed PMBLDCM drive and another one is PFC- interleaved boost
converter fed BLDC motor drive. Comparison has been made between the
two control stragies in terms of Torque ripple, Total harmonic distortion
(THD) and power factor for different operating speeds. The proposed work
as been implemented under MATLAB/simulink environment. Simulation
results are presented to validate proposed work. From the results, it is
observed that PFC interleaved Boost converter fed BLDC motor drive is
more effective compared to CUK converter fed BLDC motor drive.
Five control algorithms are presented in this paper for STATCOM that meets the requirement of load reactive power and correspondingly voltage balancing of isolated dc capacitors for H-bridges. The control techniques used for an inverter in this paper are Sinusoidal Phase Shifted Carrier (SPSC) PWM, Sinusoidal Phase Disposition (SPD) PWM Third Harmonic Injected Phase Shifted Carrier (THIPSC) PWM, Space Vector Phase Shifted Carrier (SVPSC) PWM, and Space Vector Phase Disposition (SVPD) PWM techniques. The STATCOM performance for the different load changes is simulated in MATLAB environment. The performance parameters such as balancing the DC link voltage, THD for the STATCOM output currents, voltages, and reactive components supplied by the STATCOM to the load are compared for all the control strategies.
Using HBCC System Power Factor Correction of Three Phase PWM AC Chopper Fed I...Chaitra Panat
In this presentation, Power Factor is corrected using a special technique which is nothing but a Hysteresis Band Current Control method. Smooth starting as well as speed control of induction motor drive system is also possible.
Computer Science
Active and Programmable Networks
Active safety systems
Ad Hoc & Sensor Network
Ad hoc networks for pervasive communications
Adaptive, autonomic and context-aware computing
Advance Computing technology and their application
Advanced Computing Architectures and New Programming Models
Advanced control and measurement
Aeronautical Engineering,
Agent-based middleware
Alert applications
Automotive, marine and aero-space control and all other control applications
Autonomic and self-managing middleware
Autonomous vehicle
Biochemistry
Bioinformatics
BioTechnology(Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics, Geology)
Broadband and intelligent networks
Broadband wireless technologies
CAD/CAM/CAT/CIM
Call admission and flow/congestion control
Capacity planning and dimensioning
Changing Access to Patient Information
Channel capacity modelling and analysis
Civil Engineering,
Cloud Computing and Applications
Collaborative applications
Communication application
Communication architectures for pervasive computing
Communication systems
Computational intelligence
Computer and microprocessor-based control
Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems
Computer Business
Computer Sciences and Applications
Computer Vision
Computer-based information systems in health care
Computing Ethics
Computing Practices & Applications
Congestion and/or Flow Control
Content Distribution
Context-awareness and middleware
Creativity in Internet management and retailing
Cross-layer design and Physical layer based issue
Cryptography
Data Base Management
Data fusion
Data Mining
Data retrieval
Data Storage Management
Decision analysis methods
Decision making
Digital Economy and Digital Divide
Digital signal processing theory
Distributed Sensor Networks
Drives automation
Drug Design,
Drug Development
DSP implementation
E-Business
E-Commerce
E-Government
Electronic transceiver device for Retail Marketing Industries
Electronics Engineering,
Embeded Computer System
Emerging advances in business and its applications
Emerging signal processing areas
Enabling technologies for pervasive systems
Energy-efficient and green pervasive computing
Environmental Engineering,
Estimation and identification techniques
Evaluation techniques for middleware solutions
Event-based, publish/subscribe, and message-oriented middleware
Evolutionary computing and intelligent systems
Expert approaches
Facilities planning and management
Flexible manufacturing systems
Formal methods and tools for designing
Fuzzy algorithms
Fuzzy logics
GPS and location-based app
Load shedding in power system considering the generator control and AHP algor...IJAEMSJORNAL
This paper proposes the load shedding method with considering the ranking load importance factors. The amount of shedding power is calculated based on the Primary and Secondary adjustments to restore the system’s frequency back to allowed range. The ranking and distribution shedding power on each load bus will be prosed based on the AHP algorithm. Loads with the smaller importance factor will have priority to be shed with the larger amount of shedding power and vice versa. The experimental and simulated results will be estimated on IEEE 37- bus system, the results show that the proposed method can help the frequency restores back to nominal range and reduce damages compared to the UFLS method.
STATCOM is one of the shunt type FACTS controllers which can supply reactive power and improve bus voltage. STATCOM, a controlling device used on alternating current transmission networks, has advantages like transient free switching and smooth variation of reactive power. This paper proposes a cascaded multilevel inverter type DSTATCOM and DVR to compensate voltage sag in utilities in power distribution network. The proposed DSTATCOM is implemented using multilevel topology with isolated dc energy storage and reduced number of switches. A DVR injects a voltage in series with the system voltage and a D-STATCOM implant a current into the system to correct the voltage sag, swell and interruption. The phase shifter PWM technique is described to generate firing pulse to cascaded inverter. The proposed neuro-fuzzy controller follow itself to the sag and provides effective means of mitigation. The voltage sag with the minimum harmonic at the efficacy end. The proposed technique is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink.
Simulation and Comparison of DVR and DSTATCOM Used for voltage sag mitigation...paperpublications3
Abstract: Power Quality problem in a system leads to various disturbances such as voltage fluctuations, transients and waveform distortions that results in a mis-operation or a failure of end user equipment. There are different types of custom power devices like Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) and Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) which can effectively use for mitigation of different type of power quality problems. This paper describes the technique of correcting the supply voltage sag distributed system and also describes performance comparison are presented between DVR and DSTATCOM to know how both the devices successfully been applied to power system for regulating system voltage effectively. DSTATCOM and DVR both of them based on VSI principle. A DVR is a series compensation device which injects a voltage in series with system and a DSTATCOM is a shunt compensation device which injects a current into the system to correct the power quality problems. This paper presents a power system operation with PI controller with abc to dq0 convertor approach. Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) is also calculated for the system with and without compensation. Results are presented to assess the performance of devices as a potential custom power solution. Improve dynamic voltage control and thus increase system load ability. This paper presents modeling and simulation of DVR & DSTATCOM in MATLAB/Simulink.
A voltage sensitivity index application for power system load shedding consid...IJAEMSJORNAL
This paper proposes a method for calculating the minimum amount of power load needed to shed and distributing it for each load bus in order to recover the frequency and voltage back to the allowable range. Based on the consideration of the primary control of the turbine governor and the reserve power of the generators for secondary control, the minimum amount of load shedding was calculated in order to recover the frequency of the power system. Computation and analysis of Voltage Sensitivity Index (VSI) of the load bus to prioritize distribution of the amount power load shedding at these positions. The lower the load bus have the Voltage Sensitivity Index (VSI), the higher the amount of load shedding will shed and vice versa. With this technique, frequency and voltage value are still within allowable range, and a large amount of load shedding could be avoided, hence, saved from economic losses, and customer service interruption. The effectiveness of the proposed method tested on the IEEE 37 bus 9 generators power system standard has demonstrated the effectiveness of this method.
This paper presents a PFC (Power Factor Correction) Cuk converter fed BLDC (Brushless DC) motor drive and the speed of BLDC motor is controlled using fuzzy logic implementation. The PFC converters are employed to enhance the power quality. The Brushless DC motor speed is under the control of DC-bus voltage of VSI-Voltage Source Inverter in which switching of low frequency is used. This helps in the electronic commutation of BLDC motors thus decreasing the switching losses in VSI. A DBR (Diode Bridge Rectifier) next to the PFC Cuk converter controls the voltage at DC link maintaining unity power factor. The characteristics of Cuk converter in four dissimilar modes of operation are studied such as continuous and discontinuous conduction modes (CCM and DCM) respectively. The entire system is simulated using Matlab/Simulink software and the simulation results are reported to verify the performance investigation of the proposed system.
The frequency of a system is dependent on active power balance
As frequency is a common factor throughout the system, a change in active power demand at one point is reflected throughout the system
Because there are many generators supplying power into the system, some means must be provided to allocate change in demand to the generators
speed governor on each generating unit provides primary speed control function
supplementary control originating at a central control center allocates generation
In an interconnected system, with two or more independently controlled areas, the generation within each area has to be controlled so as to maintain scheduled power interchange
The control of generation and frequency is commonly known as load frequency control (LFC) or automatic generation control (AGC)
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Analysis of a High Efficiency Boost-Inverter with Back-up Battery Storage in ...irjes
paper, proposes an analysis and design of a high efficiency boost-inverter with bidirectional back-up battery storage in fuel cell. When low-voltage unregulated fuel cell (FC) output is conditioned to generate AC power, two stages are required: a boost stage and an inversion one. In this paper, the boost-inverter topology that achieves both boosting and inversion functions in a single-stage is used to develop an FC-based energy system which offers high conversion efficiency, low-cost and compactness. The proposed system incorporates additional battery-based energy storage and a DC-DC bi-directional converter to support instantaneous load changes. The output voltage of the boost-inverter is voltage-mode controlled and the DC-DC bidirectional converter is current-mode controlled. The load low frequency current ripple is supplied by the battery which minimizes the effects of such ripple being drawn directly from the FC itself. Analysis, simulation results are presented to confirm the operational performance of the proposed system.
In present days of electrical industries, adjustable speed controlled induction
motor drives are very common due to its versatile features. For the speed control of induction
motor, variable frequency sources are the heart of such drives. To attain variable frequency
and variable voltage supply a power electronics device; single phase matrix converter is
proposed.
In this paper, the single phase matrix converter is modeled in MATLAB Simulink
environment; controlled with sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique, control scheme is
implemented in a Xilinx system generator environment and interfaced with power circuit in
MATLAB Simulink. Analyses this SPMC with different type of loads in both frequency step
up and step down modes. Based on simulation results, this converter is suitable for variable
frequency power supplies, varying load conditions and variable speed electrical drives.
FPGA control is best suitable for controlling a circuit like SPMC, consists of more
controlled elements to attain fast operation.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Comparison between an Interleaved Boost Converter and CUK Converter Fed BLDC ...IJPEDS-IAES
There is a great concern of torque ripple and power quality of three phase
voltage source converter fed Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor
(PMBLDCM). In this paper, two control strategies for BLDC motor drive
has been investigated. One of the control strategies is based on PFC - CUK
converter fed PMBLDCM drive and another one is PFC- interleaved boost
converter fed BLDC motor drive. Comparison has been made between the
two control stragies in terms of Torque ripple, Total harmonic distortion
(THD) and power factor for different operating speeds. The proposed work
as been implemented under MATLAB/simulink environment. Simulation
results are presented to validate proposed work. From the results, it is
observed that PFC interleaved Boost converter fed BLDC motor drive is
more effective compared to CUK converter fed BLDC motor drive.
Five control algorithms are presented in this paper for STATCOM that meets the requirement of load reactive power and correspondingly voltage balancing of isolated dc capacitors for H-bridges. The control techniques used for an inverter in this paper are Sinusoidal Phase Shifted Carrier (SPSC) PWM, Sinusoidal Phase Disposition (SPD) PWM Third Harmonic Injected Phase Shifted Carrier (THIPSC) PWM, Space Vector Phase Shifted Carrier (SVPSC) PWM, and Space Vector Phase Disposition (SVPD) PWM techniques. The STATCOM performance for the different load changes is simulated in MATLAB environment. The performance parameters such as balancing the DC link voltage, THD for the STATCOM output currents, voltages, and reactive components supplied by the STATCOM to the load are compared for all the control strategies.
Using HBCC System Power Factor Correction of Three Phase PWM AC Chopper Fed I...Chaitra Panat
In this presentation, Power Factor is corrected using a special technique which is nothing but a Hysteresis Band Current Control method. Smooth starting as well as speed control of induction motor drive system is also possible.
Computer Science
Active and Programmable Networks
Active safety systems
Ad Hoc & Sensor Network
Ad hoc networks for pervasive communications
Adaptive, autonomic and context-aware computing
Advance Computing technology and their application
Advanced Computing Architectures and New Programming Models
Advanced control and measurement
Aeronautical Engineering,
Agent-based middleware
Alert applications
Automotive, marine and aero-space control and all other control applications
Autonomic and self-managing middleware
Autonomous vehicle
Biochemistry
Bioinformatics
BioTechnology(Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics, Geology)
Broadband and intelligent networks
Broadband wireless technologies
CAD/CAM/CAT/CIM
Call admission and flow/congestion control
Capacity planning and dimensioning
Changing Access to Patient Information
Channel capacity modelling and analysis
Civil Engineering,
Cloud Computing and Applications
Collaborative applications
Communication application
Communication architectures for pervasive computing
Communication systems
Computational intelligence
Computer and microprocessor-based control
Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems
Computer Business
Computer Sciences and Applications
Computer Vision
Computer-based information systems in health care
Computing Ethics
Computing Practices & Applications
Congestion and/or Flow Control
Content Distribution
Context-awareness and middleware
Creativity in Internet management and retailing
Cross-layer design and Physical layer based issue
Cryptography
Data Base Management
Data fusion
Data Mining
Data retrieval
Data Storage Management
Decision analysis methods
Decision making
Digital Economy and Digital Divide
Digital signal processing theory
Distributed Sensor Networks
Drives automation
Drug Design,
Drug Development
DSP implementation
E-Business
E-Commerce
E-Government
Electronic transceiver device for Retail Marketing Industries
Electronics Engineering,
Embeded Computer System
Emerging advances in business and its applications
Emerging signal processing areas
Enabling technologies for pervasive systems
Energy-efficient and green pervasive computing
Environmental Engineering,
Estimation and identification techniques
Evaluation techniques for middleware solutions
Event-based, publish/subscribe, and message-oriented middleware
Evolutionary computing and intelligent systems
Expert approaches
Facilities planning and management
Flexible manufacturing systems
Formal methods and tools for designing
Fuzzy algorithms
Fuzzy logics
GPS and location-based app
Load shedding in power system considering the generator control and AHP algor...IJAEMSJORNAL
This paper proposes the load shedding method with considering the ranking load importance factors. The amount of shedding power is calculated based on the Primary and Secondary adjustments to restore the system’s frequency back to allowed range. The ranking and distribution shedding power on each load bus will be prosed based on the AHP algorithm. Loads with the smaller importance factor will have priority to be shed with the larger amount of shedding power and vice versa. The experimental and simulated results will be estimated on IEEE 37- bus system, the results show that the proposed method can help the frequency restores back to nominal range and reduce damages compared to the UFLS method.
STATCOM is one of the shunt type FACTS controllers which can supply reactive power and improve bus voltage. STATCOM, a controlling device used on alternating current transmission networks, has advantages like transient free switching and smooth variation of reactive power. This paper proposes a cascaded multilevel inverter type DSTATCOM and DVR to compensate voltage sag in utilities in power distribution network. The proposed DSTATCOM is implemented using multilevel topology with isolated dc energy storage and reduced number of switches. A DVR injects a voltage in series with the system voltage and a D-STATCOM implant a current into the system to correct the voltage sag, swell and interruption. The phase shifter PWM technique is described to generate firing pulse to cascaded inverter. The proposed neuro-fuzzy controller follow itself to the sag and provides effective means of mitigation. The voltage sag with the minimum harmonic at the efficacy end. The proposed technique is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink.
Simulation and Comparison of DVR and DSTATCOM Used for voltage sag mitigation...paperpublications3
Abstract: Power Quality problem in a system leads to various disturbances such as voltage fluctuations, transients and waveform distortions that results in a mis-operation or a failure of end user equipment. There are different types of custom power devices like Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) and Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) which can effectively use for mitigation of different type of power quality problems. This paper describes the technique of correcting the supply voltage sag distributed system and also describes performance comparison are presented between DVR and DSTATCOM to know how both the devices successfully been applied to power system for regulating system voltage effectively. DSTATCOM and DVR both of them based on VSI principle. A DVR is a series compensation device which injects a voltage in series with system and a DSTATCOM is a shunt compensation device which injects a current into the system to correct the power quality problems. This paper presents a power system operation with PI controller with abc to dq0 convertor approach. Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) is also calculated for the system with and without compensation. Results are presented to assess the performance of devices as a potential custom power solution. Improve dynamic voltage control and thus increase system load ability. This paper presents modeling and simulation of DVR & DSTATCOM in MATLAB/Simulink.
A voltage sensitivity index application for power system load shedding consid...IJAEMSJORNAL
This paper proposes a method for calculating the minimum amount of power load needed to shed and distributing it for each load bus in order to recover the frequency and voltage back to the allowable range. Based on the consideration of the primary control of the turbine governor and the reserve power of the generators for secondary control, the minimum amount of load shedding was calculated in order to recover the frequency of the power system. Computation and analysis of Voltage Sensitivity Index (VSI) of the load bus to prioritize distribution of the amount power load shedding at these positions. The lower the load bus have the Voltage Sensitivity Index (VSI), the higher the amount of load shedding will shed and vice versa. With this technique, frequency and voltage value are still within allowable range, and a large amount of load shedding could be avoided, hence, saved from economic losses, and customer service interruption. The effectiveness of the proposed method tested on the IEEE 37 bus 9 generators power system standard has demonstrated the effectiveness of this method.
This paper presents a PFC (Power Factor Correction) Cuk converter fed BLDC (Brushless DC) motor drive and the speed of BLDC motor is controlled using fuzzy logic implementation. The PFC converters are employed to enhance the power quality. The Brushless DC motor speed is under the control of DC-bus voltage of VSI-Voltage Source Inverter in which switching of low frequency is used. This helps in the electronic commutation of BLDC motors thus decreasing the switching losses in VSI. A DBR (Diode Bridge Rectifier) next to the PFC Cuk converter controls the voltage at DC link maintaining unity power factor. The characteristics of Cuk converter in four dissimilar modes of operation are studied such as continuous and discontinuous conduction modes (CCM and DCM) respectively. The entire system is simulated using Matlab/Simulink software and the simulation results are reported to verify the performance investigation of the proposed system.
The frequency of a system is dependent on active power balance
As frequency is a common factor throughout the system, a change in active power demand at one point is reflected throughout the system
Because there are many generators supplying power into the system, some means must be provided to allocate change in demand to the generators
speed governor on each generating unit provides primary speed control function
supplementary control originating at a central control center allocates generation
In an interconnected system, with two or more independently controlled areas, the generation within each area has to be controlled so as to maintain scheduled power interchange
The control of generation and frequency is commonly known as load frequency control (LFC) or automatic generation control (AGC)
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Analysis of Variable MLI Based BLDC Motor Drive with PFC for Reduced Torque R...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a power factor corrected (PFC) bridgeless (BL) buck–boost converter-fed brushless direct
current (BLDC) motor drive as a cost-effective solution for low-power applications. An approach of speed
control of the BLDC motor by controlling the dc link voltage of the voltage source inverter (VSI) is used with a
single voltage sensor. This facilitates the operation of VSI at fundamental frequency switching by using the
electronic commutation of the BLDC motor which offers reduced switching losses. A BL configuration of the
buck–boost converter is proposed which offers the elimination of the diode bridge rectifier, thus reducing the
conduction losses associated with it. A PFC BL buck–boost converter is designed to operate in discontinuous
inductor current mode (DICM) to provide an inherent PFC at ac mains. The performance of the proposed drive
is evaluated over a wide range of speed control and varying supply voltages (universal ac mains at 90–265 V)
with improved power quality at ac mains. The obtained power quality indices are within the acceptable limits of
international power quality standards such as the IEC 61000-3-2. The performance of the proposed drive is
simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment, and the obtained results are validated experimentally on a
developed prototype of the drive.
Analysis of Variable Speed PFC Chopper FED BLDC Motor DriveIJPEDS-IAES
This paper provides the detailed analysis of the DC-DC chopper fed Brushless DC motor drive used for low-power applications. The various methods used to improve the power quality at the ac mains with lesser number of components are discussed. The most effective method of power quality improvement is also simulated using MATLAB Simulink. Improved method of speed control by controlling the dc link voltage of Voltage Source Inverter is also discussed with reduced switching losses. The continuous and discontinuous modes of operation of the converters are also discussed based on the improvement in power quality. The performance of the most effective solution is simulated in MATLAB Simulink environment and the obtained results are presented.
New Topology for Transformer less Single Stage -Single Switch AC/DC ConverterIJMER
This paper presents a transformer less single-stage single-switch ac/dc converter suitable for universal line applications (90–270 Vrms). The topology consists of a buck-type power-factor correction (PFC) cell with a buck–boost dc/dc cell and part of the input power is directly coupled to the output after the first power processing. With this direct power transfer and sharing capacitor voltages, the converter is able to achieve efficient power conversion, high power factor, low voltage stress on intermediate bus (less than 120 V) and low output voltage without a high step-down transformer. The absence of transformer reduces the size of the circuit , component counts and cost of the converter. Unlike most of the boost-type PFC cell, the main switch of the proposed converter only handles the peak inductor current of dc/dc cell rather than the superposition of both inductor currents. Tight voltage regulation is provided by using PID controller. Detailed analysis and design procedures and simulation of the proposed circuit are given .
Analysis of a Single Stage Three Level Converter for a Wind Driven Self Excit...idescitation
In this project work, a three phase single stage three level Converter is
implemented for a wind energy conversion system. The proposed system is designed for a
three phase wind driven Self-Excited Induction Generator (SEIG). The SEIG output is
rectified with zero-dead band condition and the output of the converter is continuous. The
three level converter is designed and the performance characteristics are studied. The three
level converter is operated at a switching frequency of 50kHz to obtain a constant three level
output. The proposed model has been simulated in MATALAB Simulink. The hardware
prototype model is developed for a lower power rating and the results are compared.
Solar fed BLDC motor drive for mixer grinder using a buck-boost converterjournalBEEI
In existing mixer grinders, the universal motor is used due to its high starting torque than the induction motor. To achieve higher speed for smaller devices, the implementation of the universal motor becomes cheaper. The absence of brushes and the reduction of noise in the BLDC extends its lifetime, making it ideal for a mixer grinder. The solar-powered BLDC motor drive for a mixer grinder is presented in this paper. A DC-DC buck boost (BB) converter is utilised to operate the PV (photovoltaic) array at its highest power. The proposed hysteresis current (HC) control BLDC system is developed in the MATLAB. A comparison performance is demonstrated between the commercially available mixer grinder and the simulated proposed system.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Time Response enhancement utilizing photovoltaic based cascaded Landsman Converter (LC) structure is one of the soft strategies in the recent scenario. The prime function of a DC-DC Landsman converter is to optimize the output power of the photovoltaic array and reduce the output voltage ripples. This paper reveals the demonstration and simulation of the Cascaded Landsman Converter Inverter System (CLCIS) with a PV source. MATLAB Simulink-model for CLCIS has been created utilizing the components of Simulink and closed-loop examinations are performed with PI and Fractional-Order-PID (FOPID) Controllers. The present work deal with the comparison of transient and steady-state time responses of CLCIS with PI and FOPID controllers. The outcomes demonstrate that dynamic reaction is enhanced by utilizing FOPID controller.
Embedded based sensorless control of pmbldc motor with voltage controlled pfc...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Comparison Analysis of Zeta PFC Converter to Improve Power Quality Improvemen...IOSRJEEE
This project “comparison analysis of ZETA PFC converter to improve power quality improvement by PI Controller, Hysteresis controller and Fuzzy logic controller for speed control of a Induction Motor”is composed of anisolated ZETA converter is proposed as a power factor correction (PFC) converter with DC link voltage control for speed control of a Induction Motor (IM).Induction motor has got the volatility of wide range of speed control.Power electronic converters canenvisage dynamic speed control. The front end rectifier and dc to dc converter can be monitored to facilitate requisiteinput voltage to the inverter fed drive working at constant speed. A single phase supply followed by an uncontrolledbridge rectifier and a Zeta DC-DC converter is used to control the voltage of a DC link capacitor which is lying between the Zeta converter and a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). Speed control is achieved by maintaining constant dclink voltage. In this drive, speed is controlled by adjusting the DC link voltage of the VSI feeding induction motor.VSI operates in a low frequency switching mode for reduced switching losses. The voltage source inverter (VSI) is used as a stator supply of Induction Motor. The proposed converter performs the PFC action and DC link voltage control in single stage using only one controller. The current multiplier approach with average current control is used for operation of the isolated ZETA converter in continuous conduction mode (CCM). A rate limiter in the reference DC link voltage is designed for the control of current and torque in Induction Motor. The designed PFC converter results in an improved power quality at AC mains in a wide range of speed control and input AC voltage.
Design & Implementation of Controller Based Buck-Boost Converter for Small Wi...iosrjce
This paper propose to design a controller based buck boost converter for the effective utilization of
the wind machine. By implementing a controller based Buck-Boost converter, the voltage produced at the lower
wind speeds can also be utilized effectively by boosting it to the rated charging voltage of the battery. Also if the
wind speed is high, the DC output voltage will increase then the converter bucks this high voltage to the
nominal battery charging voltage (48V), thereby protecting the battery from over charging voltage. Thus the
effective utilization of the wind machine has been achieved by the use of the proposed controller based buck
boost converter.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
A Novel Approach of Position Estimation and Power Factor Corrector Converter ...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper proposes a Power factor Corrected (PFC) Bridgeless Buck-Boost converter fed BLDC motor drive. The Bridgeless configuration eliminates the Diode Bridge Rectifier in order to reduce the number of components and the conduction loss. The position sensors used in BLDC drives have drawbacks of additional cost, mechanical alignment problems. These bottle necks results in sensorless technique. The Sensorless technique mostly relies on measurement of Back EMF to determine relative positions of stator and rotor for the correct coil energising sequence can be implemented. This paper introduces the offline Finite Element method for sensorless operation. The proposed sensorless scheme estimates the motor position at standstill and running condition. The obtained Power Factor is within the acceptable limits IEC 61000-3-2. The proposed drive is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink the obtained results are validated experimentally on a developed prototype of the drive.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
De-mystifying Zero to One: Design Informed Techniques for Greenfield Innovati...
Cp35508515
1. C.B. Saravanan et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.508-515
www.ijera.com 508 | P a g e
An ANN Based Speed Control of PMBLDCM Drive Using a
Single-Stage PFC Half-Bridge Converter
C.B. Saravanan1
, G. Devanatha Reddy2
1, 2
EEE.Dept, SVCET, chittoor, India.
ABSTRACT
In this paper, a buck half-bridge DC-DC converter is used as a single-stage power factor correction (PFC)
converter for feeding a voltage source inverter (VSI) based permanent magnet brushless DC motor
(PMBLDCM) drive. The front end of this PFC converter is a diode bridge rectifier (DBR) fed from single-phase
AC mains. The PMBLDCM is used to drive a compressor load of an air conditioner through a three-phase VSI
fed from a controlled DC link voltage. The speed of the compressor is controlled to achieve energy conservation
using Back Propagation network Algorithm Where DC link voltage is controlled proportional to the desired
speed of the PMBLDCM. Therefore the VSI is operated only as an electronic commutator of the PMBLDCM.
The stator current of the PMBLDCM during step change of reference speed is controlled by a rate limiter for the
reference voltage at DC link. The proposed PMBLDCM drive with voltage control based PFC converter is
designed, modeled and its performance is simulated in Matlab-Simulink environment for an air conditioner
compressor driven through a 1.5 kW, 1500 rpm PMBLDC motor. The evaluation results of the proposed speed
control scheme with Back propagation agorithm a concept of ANN (Artificial neural network)are presented to
demonstrate an improved efficiency of the proposed drive system with PFC feature in wide range of the speed
and an input AC voltage.
Index Terms— PFC, PMBLDCM, Air conditioner, Buck Half bridge converter, Voltage control, VSI
I. INTRODUCTION
Permanent magnet brushless DC motors
(PMBLDCMs) are preferred motors for a compressor
of an air conditioning (Air-Con) system due to its
features like high efficiency, wide speed range and
low maintenance requirements [1-4]. The operation
of the compressor with the speed control results in an
improved efficiency of the system while maintaining
the temperature in the air-conditioned zone at the set
reference consistently. Whereas, the existing air
conditioners mostly have a single-phase induction
motor to drive the compressor in ‘on/off’ control
mode This results in increased losses due to frequent
‘on/off’ operation with increased mechanical and
electrical stresses on the motor, thereby poor
efficiency and reduced life of the motor. Moreover,
the temperature of the air conditioned zone is
regulated in a hysteresis band. Therefore, improved
efficiency of the Air-Con system will certainly
reduce the cost of living and energy demand to cope-
up with ever-increasing power crisis.
A PMBLDCM which is a kind of three-
phase synchronous motor with permanent magnets
(PMs) on the rotor and trapezoidal back EMF wave
form operates on electronic commutation
accomplished by solid state switches. It is powered
through a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI)
which is fed from single-phase AC supply using a
diode bridge rectifier (DBR) followed by
smoothening DC link capacitor. The compressor
exerts constant torque (i.e. rated torque) on the
PMBLDCM and is operated in speed control mode to
improve the efficiency of the Air-Con system.
Since, the back-emf of the PMBLDCM is
proportional to the motor speed and the developed
torque is proportional to its phase current [1-4],
therefore, a constant torque is maintained by a
constant current in the stator winding of the
PMBLDCM whereas the speed can be controlled by
varying the terminal voltage of the motor. Based on
this logic, a speed control scheme is proposed in this
paper which uses a reference voltage at DC link
proportional to the desired speed of the PMBLDC
motor. However, the control of VSI is only for
electronic commutation which is based on the rotor
position signals of the PMBLDC motor.
The PMBLDCM drive, fed from a single-
phase AC mains through a diode bridge rectifier
(DBR) followed by a DC link capacitor, suffers from
power quality (PQ) disturbances such as poor power
factor (PF), increased total harmonic distortion
(THD) of current at input AC mains and its high crest
factor (CF). It is mainly due to uncontrolled charging
of the DC link capacitor which results in a pulsed
current waveform having a peak value higher than
the amplitude of the fundamental input current at AC
mains. Moreover, the PQ standards for low power
equipments such as IEC 61000-3-2 [5] emphasize on
low harmonic contents and near unity power factor
current to be drawn from AC mains by these motors.
Therefore, use of a power factor correction (PFC)
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. C.B. Saravanan et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.508-515
www.ijera.com 509 | P a g e
topology amongst various available topologies [6-14]
is almost inevitable for a PMBLDCM drive.
Most of the existing systems use a boost
converter for PFC as the front-end converter and an
isolated DC-DC converter to produce desired output
voltage constituting a two-stage PFC drive [7-8]. The
DC-DC converter used in the second stage is usually
a fly back or forward converter for low power
applications and a full-bridge converter for higher
power applications. However, these two stage PFC
converters have high cost and complexity in
implementing two separate switch-mode converters,
therefore a single stage converter combining the PFC
and voltage regulation at DC link is more in demand.
The single-stage PFC converters operate with only
one controller to regulate the DC link voltage along
with the power factor correction. The absence of a
second controller has a greater impact on the
performance of single-stage PFC converters and
requires a design to operate over a much wider range
of operating conditions.
For the proposed voltage controlled drive, a
half-bridge Buck DC-DC converter is selected
because of its high power handling capacity as
compared to the single switch converters. Moreover,
it has switching losses comparable to the single
switch converters as only one switch is in operation
at any instant of time. It can be operated as a single-
stage power factor corrected (PFC) converter when
connected between the VSI and the DBR fed from
single-phase AC mains, besides controlling the
voltage at DC link for the desired speed of the Air-
Con compressor. A detailed modeling, design and
performance evaluation of the proposed drive are
presented for an air conditioner compressor driven by
a PMBLDC motor of 1.5 kW, 1500 rpm rating.
II. PROPOSED SPEED CONTROL
SCHEME OF PMBLDC MOTOR FOR AIR
CONDITIONER
The proposed speed control scheme (as
shown in Fig. 1)
controls reference voltage at DC link as an equivalent
reference speed, thereby replaces the conventional
control of the motor speed and a stator current
involving various sensors for voltage and current
signals. Moreover, the rotor position signals are used
to generate the switching sequence for the VSI as an
electronic commutator of the PMBLDC motor.
Therefore, rotor-position information is required only
at the commutation points, e.g., every 60°electrical in
the three phase [1-4].The rotor position of
PMBLDCM is sensed using Hall effect position
sensors and used to generate switching sequence for
the VSI as shown in Table-I.
The DC link voltage is controlled by a half-
bridge buck DC-DC converter based on the duty ratio
(D) of the converter.For a fast and effective control
with reduced size of magnetic and filters, a high
switching frequency is used; however, the switching
frequency (fs) is limited by the switching device
used, operating power level and switching losses of
the device. Metal oxide field effect transistors
(MOSFETs) are used as the switching device for high
switching frequency in the proposed PFC converter.
However, insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs)
are used in VSI bridge feeding PMBLDCM, to
reduce the switching stress, as it operates at lower
frequency compared to PFC switches.
The PFC control scheme uses a current
control loop inside the speed control loop with
current multiplier approach which operates in
continuous conduction mode (CCM) with average
current control. The control loop begins with the
comparison of sensed DC link voltage with a voltage
equivalent to the reference speed. The resultant
voltage error is passed through a proportional-
integral (PI) controller to give the modulating current
signal. This signal is multiplied with a unit template
of input AC voltage and compared with DC current
sensed after the DBR. The resultant current error is
amplified and compared with saw-tooth carrier wave
of fixed frequency (fs) in unipolar scheme (as shown
in Fig.2) to generate the PWM pulses for the half-
bridge converter. For the current control of the
PMBLDCM during step change of the reference
voltage due to the change in the reference speed, a
voltage gradient less than 800 V/s is introduced for
the change of DC link voltage, which ensures the
stator current of the PMBLDCM within the specified
limits (i.e. double the rated current).
Figure 1. Control schematic of Proposed Bridge-
buck PFC converter fed PMBLDCM drive
III. DESIGN OF PFC BUCK HALF-
BRIDGE CONVERTER BASED
PMBLDCM DRIVE
The proposed PFC buck half-bridge
converter is designed for a PMBLDCM drive with
main considerations on PQ constraints at AC mains
and allowable ripple in DC link voltage. The DC link
voltage of the PFC converter is given as,
= 2 (N2/N1) D and N2= N21=N22 (1)
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Where N1, N21, N22 are number of turns in primary,
secondary upper and lower windings of the high
frequency (HF) isolation transformer, respectively.
Figure 2. PWM control of the buck half-bridge
converter
is the average output of the DBR for a given AC
input voltage (Vs) related as,
= 2√2Vs/π (2)
A ripple filter is designed to reduce the
ripples introduced in the output voltage due to high
switching frequency for constant of the buck half-
bridge converter. The inductance (Lo) of the ripple
filter restricts the inductor peak to peak ripple current
(ΔILo) within specified value for the given switching
frequency (fs), whereas, the capacitance (Cd) is
calculated for a specified ripple in the output voltage
(ΔVCd) [7-8]. The output filter inductor and
capacitor are given as,
Lo= (0.5- (3)
Cd=Io/(2ωΔVCd) (4)
The PFC converter is designed for a base
DC link voltage of Vdc = 400 V at Vin = 198 V from
Vs = 220 Vrms. The turns ratio of the high frequency
transformer (N2/N1) is taken as 6:1 to maintain the
desired DC link voltage at low input AC voltages
typically at 170V. Other design data are fs = 40 kHz,
Io = 4 A, ΔVCd= 4 V (1% of Vdc), ΔILo= 0.8 A
(20% of Io). The design parameters are calculated as
Lo=2.0 mH, Cd=1600 μF.
TABLE I. VSI SWITCHING SEQUENCE
BASED ON THE HALL EFFECT SENSOR
SIGNALS
IV. MODELING OF THE PROPOSED
PMBLDCM DRIVE
The main components of the proposed
PMBLDCM drive are the PFC converter and
PMBLDCM drive, which are modeled by
mathematical equations and the complete drive is
represented as a combination of these models.
A. PFC Converter
The modeling of the PFC converter consists
of the modeling of a speed controller, a reference
current generator and a PWM controller as given
below.
1) Speed Controller: The speed controller, the prime
component of this control scheme, is a proportional-
integral (PI) controller which closely tracks the
reference speed as an equivalent reference voltage. If
at kth instant of time, V* dc(k) is reference DC link
voltage, Vdc(k) is sensed DC link voltage then the
voltage error Ve(k) is calculated as,
Ve(k) =V*dc(k)-Vdc(k) (5)
The PI controller gives desired control signal after
processing this voltage error. The output of the
controller Ic(k) at kth instant is given as,
Ic (k) = Ic (k-1) + Kp{Ve(k) – Ve(k-1)} + KiVe(k)
(6)
where Kp and Ki are the proportional and integral
gains of the PI controller.
2) Reference Current Generator: The reference input
current of the PFC converter is denoted by idc* and
given as,
i*dc=Ic(k)uVs (7)
Where uVs is the unit template of the voltage at input
AC mains, calculated as,
uVs=vd/Vsm; vd=|vs|; vs=Vsm sin ωt (8)
Where Vsm is the amplitude of the voltage and ω is
frequency in rad/sec at AC mains.
3) PWM Controller:The reference input current of
the buck half-bridge converter (idc*) is compared
with its sensed current (idc) to generate the current
- idc). This current error is
amplified by gain kdc and compared with fixed
frequency (fs) saw-tooth carrier waveform md(t) (as
shown in Fig.2) in unipolar switching mode [7] to get
the switching signals for the MOSFETs of the PFC
buck half-bridge converter as,
then SA = 1 else SA = 0 (9)
If - (10)
Where SA, SB are upper and lower switches
of the half-bridge Converter as shown in Fig. 1 and
their values ‘1’ and ‘0’ represent ‘on’ and ‘off’
position of the respective MOSFET of the PFC
converter.
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B. PMBLDCM Drive
The PMBLDCM drive consists of an
electronic commutator, a VSI and a PMBLDC motor.
1) Electronic Commutator: The electronic
commutator uses signals from Hall effect position
sensors to generate the switching sequence for the
voltage source inverter based on the logic given in
Table I.
2) Voltage Source Inverter: Fig. 3 shows an
equivalent circuit of a VSI fed PMBLDCM. The
output of VSI to be fed to phase ‘a’ of the PMBLDC
motor is given as,
vao = (Vdc/2) for S1 = 1 (11)
vao = (-Vdc/2) for S2 = 1 (12)
vao = 0 for S1 = 0, and S2 = 0 (13)
van=vao–vno (14)
Where vao, vbo, vco, and vno are voltages
of the three-phases and neutral point (n) with respect
to virtual mid-point of the DC link voltage shown as
‘o’ in Fig. 3. The voltages van, vbn, vcn are voltages
of three-phases with respect to neutral point (n) and
Vdc is the DC link voltage. S= 1 and 0 represent ‘on’
and ‘off’ position of respective IGBTs of the VSI and
considered in a similar way for other IGBTs of the
VSI i.e. S3- S6. Using similar logic vbo, vco, vbn,
vcn are generated for other two phases of the VSI
feeding PMBLDC motor.
3) PMBLDC Motor: The PMBLDCM is represented
in the form of a set of differential equations [3] given
as,
van = Ria + pλa +ean (15)
vbn = Rib + pλb +ebn (16)
vcn = Ric + pλc +ecn (17)
Where p is a differential operator (d/dt), ia, ib, ic are
three phase currents, λa, λb, λc are flux linkages and
ean, ebn, ecn are phase to neutral back emfs of
PMBLDCM, in respective phases, R is resistance of
motor windings/phase.
Figure 3. Equivalent Circuit of a VSI fed
PMBLDCM Drive
The flux linkages are represented as,
λa = Lia - M (ib + ic) (18)
λb = Lib - M (ia + ic) (19)
λc = Lic - M (ib + ia) (20)
Where L is self-inductance/phase, M is mutual
inductance of
motor winding/phase. Since the PMBLDCM has no
neutral
Connection, therefore,
ia + ib + ic = 0 (21)
From Esq. (14-21) the voltage between neutral
terminal (n)
and mid-point of the DC link (o) is given as,
vno = {vao +vbo + vco – (ean +ebn +ecn)}/3 (22)
From Esq. (18-21), the flux linkages are given as,
λa = (L+M) ia, λb = (L+M) ib, λc = (L+M) ic, (23)
From Esq. (15-17 and 23), the current derivatives in
generalized state space form is given as,
pix = (vxn - ix R – exn)/(L+M) (24)
Where x represents phase a, b or c.
The developed electromagnetic torque Te in the
PMBLDCM is given as,
Te = (ean ia + ebn ib +ecn ic)/ ω (25)
Where ω is motor speed in rad/sec,
The back emfs may be expressed as a function of
rotor position (θ) as,
exn= Kb fx(θ) ω (26)
Where x can be phase a, b or c and accordingly fx(θ)
represents function of rotor position with a maximum
value ±1, identical to trapezoidal induced emf given
as,
fa(θ) = 1 for 0 < θ < 2π/3 (27)
fa(θ) = {(6/ π)( π- θ)}-1 for 2π/3 < θ < π (28)
fa(θ) = -1 for π < θ < 5π/3 (29)
fa(θ) = {(6/π)(θ -2π)}+1 for 5π/3 < θ < 2π (30)
The functions fb(θ) and fc(θ) are similar to fa(θ) with
a phase difference of 120º and 240º respectively.
Therefore, the electromagnetic torque is expressed as,
Te = Kb{fa(θ) ia + fb(θ) ib+ fc(θ) ic} (31)
The mechanical equation of motion in speed
derivative form is given as,
pω = (P/2) (Te-TL-Bω)/(J) (32)
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The derivative of the rotor position angle is given as,
pθ = ω (33)
where P is no. poles, TL is load torque in Nm, J is
moment of inertia in kg-m2 and B is friction
coefficient in Nms/Rad.
These equations (15-33) represent the dynamic model
of the PMBLDC motor.
V. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF
PROPOSED PFC DRIVE
The proposed PMBLDCM drive is modeled
in Matlab- Simulink environment and evaluated for
an air conditioning compressor load. The compressor
load is considered as a constant torque load equal to
rated torque with the speed control required by air
conditioning system. A 1.5 kW rating PMBLDCM is
used to drive the air conditioner compressor, speed of
which is controlled effectively by controlling the DC
link voltage. The detailed data of the motor and
simulation parameters are given in Appendix. The
performance of the proposed PFC drive is evaluated
on the basis of various parameters such as total
harmonic distortion (THDi) and the crest factor (CF)
of the current at input AC mains, displacement power
factor (DPF), power factor (PF) and efficiency of the
drive system (ηdrive) at different speeds of the motor.
Moreover, these parameters are also evaluated for
variable input AC voltage at DC link voltage of 416
V which is equivalent to the rated speed (1500 rpm)
of the PMBLDCM. The results are shown in Figs. 4-
9 and Tables II-III to demonstrate the effectiveness of
the proposed PMBLDCM drive in a wide range of
speed and input AC voltage.
A.Performance during Starting
The performance of the proposed
PMBLDCM drive fed from 220 V AC mains during
starting at rated torque and 900 rpm speed is shown
in Fig. 4a. A rate limiter of 800 V/s is introduced in
the reference voltage to limit the starting current of
the motor as well as the charging current of the DC
link capacitor. The PI controller closely tracks the
reference speed so that the motor attains reference
speed smoothly within 0.35 sec while keeping the
stator current within the desired limits i.e. double the
rated value. The current (is) waveform at input AC
mains is in phase with the supply voltage (vs)
demonstrating nearly unity power factor during the
starting.
B.Performance under Speed Control
Backpropagation algorithm is one of the
most popular and efficient algorithm used in
Artificial Neural network for controlling and
Optimization applications which gfives least
error.Here this algorithm is used for mosst effective
speed control of PMBLDC drive.It uses the concept
of Gradient descent learning rule.The netwok thatis
to be trained using BPN algorithm is shown below
There are three layers of neurons here the error in
output layer is propagated back to hiddent layer this
error acts as input to the hidden layer neurons .the
efficiency of this algorithm depents on these hidden
layer neurons number and the weights assigned to the
links of the above network.
1) Transient Condition: Figs. 4b-c shows the
performance of the drive during the speed control of
the compressor. The reference speed is changed from
900 rpm to 1500 rpm for the rated load performance
of the compressor; from 900 rpm to 300 rpm for
performance of the compressor at light load. It is
observed that the speed control is fast and smooth in
either direction i.e. acceleration or retardation with
power factor maintained at nearly unity value.
Moreover, the stator current of PMBLDCM is within
the allowed limit (twice the rated current) due to the
introduction of a rate limiter in the reference voltage.
2) Steady State Condition: The speed control of the
PMBLDCM driven compressor under steady state
condition is carried out for different speeds and the
results are shown in Figs. 5-6 and Table-II to
demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed drive
in wide speed range. Figs.5a-c show voltage (vs) and
current (is) waveforms at AC mains, DC link voltage
(Vdc), speed of the motor (N), developed
electromagnetic torque of the motor (Te), the stator
current of the PMBLDC motor for phase ‘a’ (Ia), and
shaft power output (Po) at 300 rpm, 900 rpm and
1500 rpm speeds. Fig. 6a shows linear relation
between motor speed and DC link voltage. Since the
reference speed is decided by the reference voltage at
DC link, it is observed that the control of the
reference DC link voltage controls the speed of the
motor instantaneously. Fig. 6b shows the improved
efficiency of the drive system (ηdrive) in wide range
of the motor speed.
C.Power Quality Performance
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The performance of the proposed PMBLDCM drive
in terms of various PQ parameters such as THDi, CF,
DPF, PF is summarized in Table-II and shown in
Figs. 7-8. Nearly unity power factor (PF) and reduced
THD of AC mains current are observed in wide speed
range of the PMBLDCM as shown in Figs. 7a-b. The
THD of AC mains current remains less than 5%
along with nearly unity PF in wide range of speed as
well as load as shown in Table-II and Figs. 8a-c.
Fig.6a.DC link voltage with speed Fig.6b.
Efficiency with load
Figure 6. Performance of the proposed PFC drive
under speed control at rated torque and 220 VAC
Fig.7a. THD of current at AC mains Fig. 7b.
DPF and PF
Figure 7. PQ parameters of PMBLDCM drive under
speed control at rated torque and 220 VAC input
Fig. 8a. At 300 rpm Fig. 8b. At 900 rpm Fig.
8c. At 1500 rpm
Figure 8. Current waveform at AC mains and its
harmonic spectra of the PMBLDCM drive under
steady state condition at rated torque and 220 VAC
TABLE II. PERFORMANCE OF DRIVE
UNDER SPEED CONTROL AT 220 V AC
INPUT
D. Performance under Variable Input AC Voltage
Performance evaluation of the proposed
PMBLDCM drive is carried out under varying input
AC voltage at rated load (i.e. rated torque and rated
speed) to demonstrate the operation of proposed
PMBLDCM drive for air conditioning system in
various practical situations as summarized in Table-
III.
Figs. 9a-b show variation of input current and its
THD at AC mains, DPF and PF with AC input
voltage. The THD of current at AC mains is within
specified limits of international norms [5] along with
nearly unity power factor in wide range of AC input
voltage.
Fig. 9a. Current at AC mains and its THD Fig. 9b.
DPF and PF
Figure 9. PQ parameters with input AC voltage at
416 VDC (1500 rpm)
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TABLE III. VARIATION OF PQ
PARAMETERS WITH INPUT AC VOLTAGE
(VS) AT 1500 RPM (416 VDC)
RESULT:
Fig: 4a Starting performance of the PMBLDCM
drive at 900 rpm
Fig: 4b PMBLDCM drive under speed variation
from 900 rpm to 1500 rpm
Fig: 4c PMBLDCM drive under speed variation
from 900 rpm to 300 rpm
Figure: 4 Performance of the Proposed PMBLDCM
drive under speed variation at 220 VAC input.
Fig: 5a Performance of the PMBLDCM drive at
300 rpm
Fig: 5b Performance of the PMBLDCM drive at
900 rpm
Fig: 5c Performance of the PMBLDCM drive at
1500 rpm
Figure: 5 Performance of the PMBLDCM drive
under steady state condition at 220 VAC input.
VI. CONCLUSION
A new speed control strategy of a
PMBLDCM drive is validated for a compressor load
of an air conditioner which uses the reference speed
as an equivalent reference voltage at DC link. The
speed control is directly proportional to the voltage
control at DC link. The rate limiter introduced in the
reference voltage at DC link effectively limits the
motor current within the desired value during the
transient condition (starting and speed control). The
additional PFC feature to the proposed drive ensures
nearly unity PF in wide range of speed and input AC
voltage. Moreover, power quality parameters of the
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proposed PMBLDCM drive are in conformity to an
International standard IEC 61000-3-2 [5]. The
proposed drive has demonstrated good speed control
with energy efficient operation of the drive system in
the wide range of speed and input AC voltage. The
proposed drive has been found as a promising
candidate for a PMBLDCM driving Air-Con load in
1-2 kW power range.
APPENDIX
Rated Power: 1.5 kW, rated speed: 1500
rpm, rated current: 4.0 A, rated torque: 9.55 Nm,
number of poles: 4, stator resistance (R): 2.8 Ω/ph.,
inductance (L+M): 5.21 mH/ph., back EMF constant
(Kb): 0.615 Vsec/rad, inertia (J): 0.013 Kg-m2.
Source impedance (Zs): 0.03 pu, switching frequency
of PFC switch (fs) = 40 kHz, capacitors (C1= C2):
15nF, PI speed controller gains (Kp): 0.145, (Ki):
1.45.
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