Cost Effective Tools For Data Collection
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Cost Effective Tools For Data Collection
- 1. AGENDA ITEM 5.2: COST EFFECTIVE TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION Valerie Bizier, Capacity Development Coordinator, FAO Lars Gunnar Markland, Forestry Officer, FAO Cristina Ribeiro, Consultant, FAO Michael Rahija, Statistician, FAO African Commission on Agriculture Statistics / Commission africaine des statistiques agricoles Entebbe, Uganda, 13 - 17 Nov 2017
- 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS • Rationale • Cost effective tools for data collection • Adoption of an integrated approach for data collection • Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing Tools • Geospatial Tools • Other innovative technologies for fisheries statistics
- 3. RATIONALE • 232 SDG indicators • Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) estimates the cost at 1 billion USD for monitoring only a subset of core indicators in 77 LIC countries • As of 2015, the gap between donor and national contributions was between 100 and 200 millio. • FAO is the custodial agency for 21 SDG indicators, and bares a responsibility to strengthen national capacity
- 4. INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR DATA COLLECTION • Making adequate use of resources through SPARS and NSDS design and implementation • Integrating data sources from surveys, administrative registers and geospatial tools • Adopting Integrated Survey Programs such as AGRIS • Piggy-backing on existing surveys (HBS, LSMS, LFS, DHS, MICS,...) rather than starting new survey operations, in particular for FAO specific modules on: o Food Insecurity Experience Scale (SDG 2.2.1) o Gender and Land Tenure (SDG 5.a.1)
- 5. INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR DATA COLLECTION SDG 2.1.2 Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population, based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) http://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/fies/en/
- 6. INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR DATA COLLECTION SDG 5.a.1 (a) Proportion of total agricultural population with ownership or secure rights over agricultural land, by sex; (b) share of women among owners or rights- bearers of agricultural land, by type of tenure More info available at: availablhttp://www.fao.org/sustainable- development-goals/
- 7. COMPUTER ASSISTED PERSONAL INTERVIEWING Barriers to adoption 1) the initial investment related to the acquisition of the necessary equipment and technology 2) the extent of capacity-building required to assist statistical agencies to adapt to this technology
- 8. COMPUTER ASSISTED PERSONAL INTERVIEWING Uganda National Panel Survey
- 9. COMPUTER ASSISTED PERSONAL INTERVIEWING General CAPI Tools • Global Strategy supported Survey Solutions • Addresses shortcomings of other software suites • Less training, more features, and continuous improvements • Used in more than 100 countries for around 500 surveys
- 10. COMPUTER ASSISTED PERSONAL INTERVIEWING Capacity Development Efforts • Global Strategy to Improve Agricultural and Rural Statistics • Regional workshops in Asia and Africa during 2016-2017 • Country level assistance on specific surveys and training in Asia and Africa. • 10 Module E-learning course and training material for in- classroom training available at www.gsars.org. • Network of trainers and technical assistance providers • World Bank Surveys and Methods Team • Various workshops throughout the world on household surveys. • https://support.mysurvey.solutions
- 11. GEOSPATIAL TOOLS Global Positioning Systems • Geo-referencing farms can improve sampling frames, sampling efficiency and field logistics
- 12. GEOSPATIAL TOOLS Global Positioning Systems • time-saving and more objective area measurement method compared to the rope and compass method Source: LSMS Handbook on Land Area Measurement. World Bank. 2016
- 13. GEOSPATIAL TOOLS Remote Sensing Earth Observation at the service of Agenda 2030
- 14. GEOSPATIAL TOOLS Remote Sensing • Land cover mapping and monitoring • Designing Sampling Frames (Area Frame) and Improving Sampling efficiency • Classification and mapping • Estimation and Forecasting www.gsars.org
- 15. GEOSPATIAL TOOLS FAO New tools for data collection and reporting • SEPAL • Open Foris Toolbox and Collect Earth
- 16. AFCAS25, Entebbe, Uganda 13-17 Nov 2017 www.fao.org/forestry SEPAL System for Earth Observation Data Access, Processing and Analysis for Land Monitoring Objectives Improve data access and delivery of (pre)processed satellite data and forest information products to enable developing countries to build the autonomous capacity to monitor their forest-related REDD+ activities GEOSPATIAL TOOLS - SEPAL
- 17. What is SEPAL? • SEPAL is an open source cloud-based platform for land monitoring • Easy query, access and processing of satellite data • Expandable with user scripts • A ‘barrier buster’: Analysis Ready Data, Supercomputing power, Maintenance and Dependencies GEOSPATIAL TOOLS - SEPAL
- 18. What can be done with SEPAL? • Create composites / mosaics of Landsat and Sentinel • Process RADAR data • Classification and change detection • Image segmentation • Time-series analysis • Sample-based area estimation • Compliant with GFOI Methods and Guidance GEOSPATIAL TOOLS - SEPAL
- 19. How can SEPAL assist in monitoring the SDGs? • Can be used by countries to obtain better data for 15.1.1 and 15.2.1 • Can be used for any other indicators that use satellite imagery, as it includes much more image processing capabilities than Collect Earth which is a visual interpretation tool GEOSPATIAL TOOLS - SEPAL
- 20. https://sepal.io https://goo.gl/forms/9cz2BGCch32H331y1 Sign up for free SEPAL access GEOSPATIAL TOOLS - SEPAL
- 21. www.openforis.org GEOSPATIAL TOOLS – OPENFORIS TOOLBOX
- 22. GEOSPATIAL TOOLS – COLLECT EARTH
- 23. How can Collect Earth assist in monitoring the SDGs? • Can be used to calculate indicator 15.4.1 and some sub-indicators of 2.4.1 • Can be used for any other indicators that can be derived from visual interpretation of high resolution satellite imagery GEOSPATIAL TOOLS – COLLECT EARTH
- 24. Google Earth GEOSPATIAL TOOLS – COLLECT EARTH
- 25. Google Earth Engine GEOSPATIAL TOOLS – COLLECT EARTH
- 26. Collect Earth an open tool for augmented visual interpretation Spatial dimension Temporal dimension Combining Very High spatial and temporal resolution data GEOSPATIAL TOOLS – COLLECT EARTH
- 27. OTHER INNOVATIVE TOOLS FOR FISHERY STATISTICS IT partnerships for innovative technologies Catch statistics with • Higher species breakdown • Known geographic distribution • Consistent time series Stock assessment and SDG reporting • Training more accessible and efficient • Data services for monitoring of stock status Objectives Effort statistics • More available with geographic breakdown • For better estimation of CPUEs Fishery statistics • Integrated and harmonized • Ease of reporting SDG 14.4.1 – Capacity Development/Technical Assistance
- 28. OTHER INNOVATIVE TOOLS FOR FISHERY STATISTICS IT partnerships for innovative technologies Catch statistics with • Higher species breakdown • Known geographic distribution • Consistent time series Stock assessment and SDG reporting • Training more accessible and efficient • Data services for monitoring of stock status Objectives Effort statistics • More available with geographic breakdown • For better estimation of CPUEs Fishery statistics • Integrated and harmonized • Ease of reporting SDG 14.4.1 – Capacity Development/Technical Assistance FAO Mobile for data collection (SmartForms)
- 29. OTHER INNOVATIVE TOOLS FOR FISHERY STATISTICS IT partnerships for innovative technologies Catch statistics with • Higher species breakdown • Known geographic distribution • Consistent time series Stock assessment and SDG reporting • Training more accessible and efficient • Data services for monitoring of stock status Objectives Effort statistics • More available with geographic breakdown • For better estimation of Catch per Unit Effort Fishery statistics • Integrated and harmonized • Ease of reporting SDG 14.4.1 – Capacity Development/Technical Assistance FAO - Google Earth Engine FI - Global Fishing Watch
- 30. OTHER INNOVATIVE TOOLS FOR FISHERY STATISTICS IT partnerships for innovative technologies Catch statistics with • Higher species breakdown • Known geographic distribution • Consistent time series Stock assessment and SDG reporting • Training more accessible and efficient • Data services for monitoring of stock status Objectives Effort statistics • More available with geographic breakdown • For better estimation of CPUEs Fishery statistics • Integrated and harmonized • Ease of reporting SDG 14.4.1 – Capacity Development/Technical Assistance FAO software Fmk for country use iMarine data infrastructure (EU-H2020) Integrated national information systems Data sharing in repositories Data harmonization Data aggregation
- 31. OTHER INNOVATIVE TOOLS FOR FISHERY STATISTICS IT partnerships for innovative technologies Catch statistics with • Higher species breakdown • Known geographic distribution • Consistent time series Stock assessment and SDG reporting • Training more accessible and efficient • Data services for monitoring of stock status Objectives Effort statistics • More available with geographic breakdown • For better estimation of CPUEs Fishery statistics • Integrated and harmonized • Ease of reporting SDG 14.4.1 – Capacity Development/Technical Assistance iMarine data infrastructure (EU-H2020) VRE
- 32. SDG 14.4.1 – Capacity Development/Technical Assistance IT partnerships for innovative technologies On-line Stock Monitoring Tools for Limited Data FAO GUI is currently being developed to host online interactive assessment methods to estimate stock status; methods include: - CMSY (estimating the maximum sustainable yield for a marine species in a certain area) - ELEFAN (estimating growth and mortality parameters) - Mean length mortality estimator and Yield per recruit modelling. Estimating the Reference Points to support Monitoring SDG 14.6.1 OTHER INNOVATIVE TOOLS FOR FISHERY STATISTICS
- 33. PANEL QUESTIONS • What emerging tools to reduce the cost of data collection has your country implemented or is thinking of implementing? • What are the main challenges in implementing these tools and how FAO can help countries to adopt them?
- 34. FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE CONTACT: MICHAELAUSTIN.RAHIJA@FAO.ORG (CAPI) VALERIE.BIZIER@FAO.ORG (RS HANDBOOK, CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT) LARSGUNNAR.MARKLUND@FAO.ORG (OPENFORIS, SEPAL) CRISTINA.RIBEIRO@FAO.ORG (TOOLS FOR FISHERY STATISTICS) 36
Editor's Notes
- In this context, FAO has developed its own products and incorporated the latest cost-effective technologies into its recommendations and practices. In recent years, particular advancements have been in the areas of computer assisted personal interviewing (CAPI), geospatial technologies, and developing modules for specific SDG monitoring. This ppt will highlight specific tools recommended by FAO to lower cost, and empower countries to high quality SDG data.
- Provides standard module also for individual level rather than plot level.
- This is in contrast to the paper and pen interviewing (PAPI) in which the enumerator records responses on paper which then must be manually entered into a software prior to analysis. This small discrepancy in method has a major impact on the overall cost of survey implementation. The use of CAPI implies a large change of the survey/census operation processes All validation and monitoring processes have to be in place and tested before going to the field Validation processes are different to those using PAPI Data processing is done at the same time as the field work Supervision structures are different
- The central question regarding the cost effectiveness of using CAPI is whether or not the cost of purchasing equipment (i.e. tablets, batteries, etc.) is offset by the elimination or reduction in printing, storage, and data entry costs. Results show that electronic equipment costs more than offset the costs of data entry, and paper questionnaire costs (Rahija 2016). This is consistent with other studies showing that reduction or elimination of costs such as double-data entry, paper storage, and printing makes CAPI a cost effective alternative to PAPI (Zhang, et al 2012; King, et. al 2013, Leisher 2014).
- Due to the availability of low cost tablet and GPS devices, using geo-referencing in large scale farm surveys is now realistic. In addition to advanced geo-spatial analysis of agricultural variables, geo-referencing provides opportunities to improve field logistics and sampling frames. In Survey Solutions CAPI software, geo-references can be taken by the tablet marking the exact location of the farm, parcel, etc. In Figure 2 below, there is simulated data which shows geo-referenced holding integrated with the boundaries of an enumeration area (EA). It can be seen from Figure 2 that some holding listed in EA 003B are outside the EA boundary. These should be removed prior to sampling. Furthermore, the georeferenced sampled holdings can be loaded into the enumerator’s GPS devices to help reduce travel time, and ensure that the correct holding is enumerated.
- According to World Bank research, Rope and Compass took on average 4 times longer than GPS.
- The FRA 2020 platform is the tool used directly for reporting on 15.1.1 and 15.2.1. The Collect Earth tool is being directly used for 15.4.2, but could potientially be used for any indicator that could be derived from visual interpretation of high resolution satellite imagery. The SEPAL tool can be used by countries to obtain better data for 15.1.1 and 15.2.1 as well as for any other indicators that use satellite imagery, as it includes much more image processing capabilities than Collect Earth which is a visual interpretation tool.
- The SEPAL tool can be used by countries to obtain better data for 15.1.1 and 15.2.1 as well as for any other indicators that use satellite imagery, as it includes much more image processing capabilities than Collect Earth which is a visual interpretation tool.
- Tool for visual interpretation of very high resolution satellite images available in Google Earth, Bing maps and other sources Highly configurable sample based tool. Layout of sample plots over the landscape / country / globe. Configurable size and data entry cards
- The Collect Earth tool is being directly used for 15.4.2, but could potientially be used for any indicator that could be derived from visual interpretation of high resolution satellite imagery.
- FAO – Capacity Development/Technical Assistance FAO corporate IT Mobile for data collection (SmartForms) Software framework for national integrated statistics and management information system Google and Global Fishing Watch Partnership estimation of fishing effort based on AIS data EU/iMarine partnership Cloud-based Regional database for collaborative data sharing On-line interactive hands-on e-curriculum for stock assessment Global record of Stocks and Fisheries: data services for publishing unique identifiers of stocks and fisheries
- FAO – Capacity Development/Technical Assistance FAO corporate IT Mobile for data collection (SmartForms) Software framework for national integrated statistics and management information system Google and Global Fishing Watch Partnership estimation of fishing effort based on AIS data EU/iMarine partnership Cloud-based Regional database for collaborative data sharing On-line interactive hands-on e-curriculum for stock assessment Global record of Stocks and Fisheries: data services for publishing unique identifiers of stocks and fisheries
- FAO – Capacity Development/Technical Assistance FAO corporate IT Mobile for data collection (SmartForms) Software framework for national integrated statistics and management information system Google and Global Fishing Watch Partnership estimation of fishing effort based on AIS data EU/iMarine partnership Cloud-based Regional database for collaborative data sharing On-line interactive hands-on e-curriculum for stock assessment Global record of Stocks and Fisheries: data services for publishing unique identifiers of stocks and fisheries
- FAO – Capacity Development/Technical Assistance FAO corporate IT Mobile for data collection (SmartForms) Software framework for national integrated statistics and management information system Google and Global Fishing Watch Partnership estimation of fishing effort based on AIS data EU/iMarine partnership Cloud-based Regional database for collaborative data sharing On-line interactive hands-on e-curriculum for stock assessment Global record of Stocks and Fisheries: data services for publishing unique identifiers of stocks and fisheries
- FAO – Capacity Development/Technical Assistance FAO corporate IT Mobile for data collection (SmartForms) Software framework for national integrated statistics and management information system Google and Global Fishing Watch Partnership estimation of fishing effort based on AIS data EU/iMarine partnership Cloud-based Regional database for collaborative data sharing On-line interactive hands-on e-curriculum for stock assessment Global record of Stocks and Fisheries: data services for publishing unique identifiers of stocks and fisheries
- The model is perfect for scenarios where limited data on a species are available. The only input needed for the model is historical data on the catch of the species and a qualitative evaluation (low, medium or high) of its natural reproductive capacity and recovery (resilience and productivity, according to the biological jargon). 'CMSY' will be used in coming years to establish the catch limits on fishery within the seas of northern Europe by contributing to the European economy. Elefan by TropFishR: toolbox compiling single-species stock assessment methods specifically designed for data-limited fisheries analysis using length-frequency data. It includes methods for (i) estimating biological stock characteristics such as growth and mortality parameters, (ii) exploring technical aspects of the fisheries (e.g. exploitation rate and selectivity characteristics), (iii) assessing size and composition of a fish stock by means of virtual population analysis (VPA), and (iv) assessing stock status with yield prediction and production models..