This document defines and provides examples of correlational research. It discusses the three types of correlation: positive correlation, where two variables increase or decrease together; negative correlation, where one variable increases as the other decreases; and zero correlation, where the variables are unrelated. Examples are given of positive correlations between income and education, and negative correlations between TV viewing and grades. Correlational research examines relationships between existing variables to better understand cause and effect relationships.

1. CORRELATIONAL
RESEARCH
By: Charmaine P. Quisora

2. Correlation is a way to measure how
associated or related two variables
are. The researcher looks at things
that already exist and determines if
and in what way those things are
related to each other.

3. Positive correlation
Negative correlation
Zero Correlation
Types of correlation
1.
2.
3.

4. In a positive correlation, as the values
of one of the variables increase, the
values of the second variable also
increase. Likewise, as the value of one
of the variables decreases, the value of
the other variable also decreases.
Positive correlation

5. Example:
There is a correlation between
income and education.
We find that people with
higher income have more
years of education.

6. Each point represents
one person’s answers to
questions about income
and education.
The line is the best fit to
those points.

7. Students with strong attendance records also
have higher grades.
Becoming more involved with school activities
increases students' self-esteem.

8. As the values of one of the variables
increase, the values of the second variable
decrease. Likewise, as the value of one of the
variables decreases, the value of the other
variable increases.
Negative correlation

9. Example:
There is a negative correlation
between TV viewing
and class grades—students
who spend more time
watching TV tend to have
lower grades

10. On the scatterplot below, each point represents one person’s
answers to questions about TV viewing and class grades.

11. A correlation of zero means
there's no relationship
between the two variables.
As one variable moves one
way, the other moves in a
different, or unrelated,
direction
No Correlation

12. The more you exercise, the more you sing.
The higher the room temperature, the lower
the rabbit population
The less you sleep, the more soda you might
drink
No Correlation

13. Finding the positive or negative
correlation between two variables is an
important way to study cause and
effect. By making these connections, we
can understand more about the world
around us.

14. Thank You