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RESEARCH DESIGN :
CORRELATIONAL
INDAH SWANDEWI D & LUKY DWI RATNASARI
DEFINITION
A correlation is a statistical test to determine the tendency
or pattern for two (or more) variables or two sets of data to vary
consistently. In the case of only two variables, this means that two
variables share common variance, or they co-vary together. To say
that two variables co-vary has a somewhat complicated
mathematical basis. (Cresswel, 2012, p. 338)
PURPOSE
Correlation can be used in different ways, for example to
test a relationship between or among variables, and to make
predictions. Predictions are dependent on the outcome of a strong
relationship between or among variables. That is, variables are
strongly related, we can often predict the likelihood of the presence
of one from the presence of the other (s). Correlation is often used
in survey-based research, although it is by no means limited to that
research area. (Alison et al, 2005, p. 145)
TYPESOF
CORRELATIONAL
DESIGNS
An explanatory correlational design :
explains or clarifies the degree of association among two or
more variables at one point in time.
 A prediction design :
the investigator identifies variables that will positively predict an
outcome or criterion.
WHAT ISTHE FORM
OFTHE
ASSOCIATION?
 Positive correlation
 High values of X tend to be associated with high values ofY.
 As X increases,Y increases
 Ex:
 Negative correlation
 High values of X tend to be associated with low values ofY.
 As X increases,Y decreases
 No correlation
 No consistent tendency for values onY to increase or decrease as
X increases
SCATTER
DIAGRAM
CHARACTERISTICS
 Sample size at least 30 participants.
 Outcome of the study allows researcher to describe whether and
to what degree two or more variables are related.
 One group of subjects measured on two variables.
 Variables must be quantifiable and usually represent at least
ordinal scale of measure.
 Variables not usually manipulated.
 Cannot be used to determine causality.
 A consistent relationship can be used to predict future events.
STEPS
Step 1. Determine If a Correlational Study Best Addresses the Research
Problem
Step 2. Identify Individuals to Study
Step 3. IdentifyTwo or More Measures for Each Individual in the Study
Step 4. Collect Data and Monitor PotentialThreats
Step 5. Analyze the Data and Represent the Results
Step 6. Interpret the Results (Creswell, 2012, p. 354 – 357)
EXAMPLE
CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH fix.pptx
CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH fix.pptx
CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH fix.pptx
CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH fix.pptx

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CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH fix.pptx

  • 1. RESEARCH DESIGN : CORRELATIONAL INDAH SWANDEWI D & LUKY DWI RATNASARI
  • 2. DEFINITION A correlation is a statistical test to determine the tendency or pattern for two (or more) variables or two sets of data to vary consistently. In the case of only two variables, this means that two variables share common variance, or they co-vary together. To say that two variables co-vary has a somewhat complicated mathematical basis. (Cresswel, 2012, p. 338)
  • 3. PURPOSE Correlation can be used in different ways, for example to test a relationship between or among variables, and to make predictions. Predictions are dependent on the outcome of a strong relationship between or among variables. That is, variables are strongly related, we can often predict the likelihood of the presence of one from the presence of the other (s). Correlation is often used in survey-based research, although it is by no means limited to that research area. (Alison et al, 2005, p. 145)
  • 4. TYPESOF CORRELATIONAL DESIGNS An explanatory correlational design : explains or clarifies the degree of association among two or more variables at one point in time.  A prediction design : the investigator identifies variables that will positively predict an outcome or criterion.
  • 5. WHAT ISTHE FORM OFTHE ASSOCIATION?  Positive correlation  High values of X tend to be associated with high values ofY.  As X increases,Y increases  Ex:  Negative correlation  High values of X tend to be associated with low values ofY.  As X increases,Y decreases  No correlation  No consistent tendency for values onY to increase or decrease as X increases
  • 7. CHARACTERISTICS  Sample size at least 30 participants.  Outcome of the study allows researcher to describe whether and to what degree two or more variables are related.  One group of subjects measured on two variables.  Variables must be quantifiable and usually represent at least ordinal scale of measure.  Variables not usually manipulated.  Cannot be used to determine causality.  A consistent relationship can be used to predict future events.
  • 8. STEPS Step 1. Determine If a Correlational Study Best Addresses the Research Problem Step 2. Identify Individuals to Study Step 3. IdentifyTwo or More Measures for Each Individual in the Study Step 4. Collect Data and Monitor PotentialThreats Step 5. Analyze the Data and Represent the Results Step 6. Interpret the Results (Creswell, 2012, p. 354 – 357)