Coronavirus
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Coronavirus is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes respiratory diseases like the common cold and replicates in the host body through RNA polymerase enzymes that make new RNA copies. It is commonly transmitted through droplets or contaminated surfaces and causes symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, and diarrhea. Prevention involves wearing face masks, avoiding close contact with sick people, not touching the face with unwashed hands, and no specific treatment exists though antiviral drugs may be given.
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20180129 diphtheria
This document summarizes information about diphtheria, including:
1) It is an acute infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae that was historically a major childhood killer but is now rare in developed countries due to widespread vaccination.
2) It remains endemic in developing countries and cases are primarily reported from Southeast Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, and Africa.
3) Clinical features vary depending on site of infection (respiratory, cutaneous), with respiratory diphtheria being the most severe form and potentially life-threatening due to airway obstruction or systemic toxicity.
4) Treatment involves diphtheria antitoxin and antibiotics. Prevention relies on vaccination according to the WHO Expanded
Measles (Rubeola)
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that begins with a prodromal stage of fever, cough, coryza and conjunctivitis followed by a maculopapular rash. It spreads through respiratory droplets. Complications can include pneumonia, encephalitis and death. Treatment is supportive. Prevention is through two doses of the live attenuated MMR vaccine, recommended at 12-15 months and 4-6 years of age.
Cutaneous Antrax & Its Mimics
The document provides a differential diagnosis for various ulcerative and eschar-forming skin lesions. It describes the key clinical features of cutaneous anthrax including a painless ulcer covered by a black eschar surrounded by disproportionate edema. Cutaneous leishmaniasis presents as a slowly evolving papule to ulcerative lesion with possible lymphangitis. Cat-scratch disease causes regional lymphadenopathy after a papule or vesicle at the inoculation site.
Diphtheria
Diphtheria is an infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria that affects the mucous membranes and skin. It is characterized by a grayish membrane that can grow on the tonsils, throat, and nose. Symptoms include sore throat, fever, difficulty breathing, and a swollen neck. It is diagnosed through clinical examination, culture of the infected area, and blood tests. Treatment involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria. The disease can be prevented through vaccination with the routine DTP vaccine administered to children.
Corynebacterium diphtheria clinical diagnosis
The provisional diagnosis is faucial diphtheria caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae based on the 4-year old boy's symptoms of fever, sore throat, thick white tonsillar exudate and membrane in the nasopharynx. C. diphtheriae is a gram-positive rod that forms metachromatic granules and colonies on selective media. It produces a toxin that causes local tissue damage and systemic effects by inhibiting protein synthesis. Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets. Treatment involves diphtheria antitoxin, antibiotics, isolation and active immunization with DPT vaccine.
AIDS
AIDS is a fatal illness caused by the HIV virus which weakens the immune system. It is most common in sexually active adults aged 20-49 and can be transmitted through unprotected sex, blood exposure, or from mother to child during pregnancy or breastfeeding. While there is no cure for AIDS, prevention methods like condom use and sterile needle practices can reduce transmission rates. People infected with HIV may not show symptoms for years but can still transmit the virus, so testing and early treatment are important for controlling the spread of the disease.
Diphtheria
Diphtheria is an infectious disease caused by the Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria that affects the upper respiratory tract. It is characterized by a grey membrane that can grow in the throat and make it difficult to breathe. While it was once a leading cause of childhood death, diphtheria can now be prevented through a vaccine. The vaccine is typically administered in combination with tetanus and pertussis vaccines. It works by producing antibodies that neutralize the toxin produced by the bacteria.
Specific chronic infections
This document discusses several specific chronic infections that can involve the nose, including nasal tuberculosis, syphilis, leprosy, atrophic rhinitis, rhinitis sicca, and scleroma. For each condition, it describes the causative organism, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. Nasal tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can present as nodular or ulcerative lesions. Syphilis presents in primary, secondary, and tertiary forms depending on the stage of infection. Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and can involve the nose in its tuberculoid or lepromatous forms. Atrophic rhinitis and rhinitis sic
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20180129 diphtheria
This document summarizes information about diphtheria, including:
1) It is an acute infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae that was historically a major childhood killer but is now rare in developed countries due to widespread vaccination.
2) It remains endemic in developing countries and cases are primarily reported from Southeast Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, and Africa.
3) Clinical features vary depending on site of infection (respiratory, cutaneous), with respiratory diphtheria being the most severe form and potentially life-threatening due to airway obstruction or systemic toxicity.
4) Treatment involves diphtheria antitoxin and antibiotics. Prevention relies on vaccination according to the WHO Expanded
Measles (Rubeola)
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that begins with a prodromal stage of fever, cough, coryza and conjunctivitis followed by a maculopapular rash. It spreads through respiratory droplets. Complications can include pneumonia, encephalitis and death. Treatment is supportive. Prevention is through two doses of the live attenuated MMR vaccine, recommended at 12-15 months and 4-6 years of age.
Cutaneous Antrax & Its Mimics
The document provides a differential diagnosis for various ulcerative and eschar-forming skin lesions. It describes the key clinical features of cutaneous anthrax including a painless ulcer covered by a black eschar surrounded by disproportionate edema. Cutaneous leishmaniasis presents as a slowly evolving papule to ulcerative lesion with possible lymphangitis. Cat-scratch disease causes regional lymphadenopathy after a papule or vesicle at the inoculation site.
Diphtheria
Diphtheria is an infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria that affects the mucous membranes and skin. It is characterized by a grayish membrane that can grow on the tonsils, throat, and nose. Symptoms include sore throat, fever, difficulty breathing, and a swollen neck. It is diagnosed through clinical examination, culture of the infected area, and blood tests. Treatment involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria. The disease can be prevented through vaccination with the routine DTP vaccine administered to children.
Corynebacterium diphtheria clinical diagnosis
The provisional diagnosis is faucial diphtheria caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae based on the 4-year old boy's symptoms of fever, sore throat, thick white tonsillar exudate and membrane in the nasopharynx. C. diphtheriae is a gram-positive rod that forms metachromatic granules and colonies on selective media. It produces a toxin that causes local tissue damage and systemic effects by inhibiting protein synthesis. Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets. Treatment involves diphtheria antitoxin, antibiotics, isolation and active immunization with DPT vaccine.
AIDS
AIDS is a fatal illness caused by the HIV virus which weakens the immune system. It is most common in sexually active adults aged 20-49 and can be transmitted through unprotected sex, blood exposure, or from mother to child during pregnancy or breastfeeding. While there is no cure for AIDS, prevention methods like condom use and sterile needle practices can reduce transmission rates. People infected with HIV may not show symptoms for years but can still transmit the virus, so testing and early treatment are important for controlling the spread of the disease.
Diphtheria
Diphtheria is an infectious disease caused by the Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria that affects the upper respiratory tract. It is characterized by a grey membrane that can grow in the throat and make it difficult to breathe. While it was once a leading cause of childhood death, diphtheria can now be prevented through a vaccine. The vaccine is typically administered in combination with tetanus and pertussis vaccines. It works by producing antibodies that neutralize the toxin produced by the bacteria.
Specific chronic infections
This document discusses several specific chronic infections that can involve the nose, including nasal tuberculosis, syphilis, leprosy, atrophic rhinitis, rhinitis sicca, and scleroma. For each condition, it describes the causative organism, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. Nasal tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can present as nodular or ulcerative lesions. Syphilis presents in primary, secondary, and tertiary forms depending on the stage of infection. Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and can involve the nose in its tuberculoid or lepromatous forms. Atrophic rhinitis and rhinitis sic
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumonia is caused by contact with the sneezing and coughing of infected individuals. It commonly affects people under 40 and those living in crowded areas. Symptoms include chest pain, cough, fever and headache and can range from mild to severe. Diagnosis involves exams, blood tests, imaging and sputum cultures. Treatment involves antibiotics taken orally or intravenously for 2 weeks or more to completion. Complications can include ear infections, anemia or severe pneumonia. Prevention focuses on hand washing, avoiding crowds when immune is weak, not smoking, getting flu and pneumonia vaccines.
Diphtheria
Details about definition of diphtheria, causative organism, ethiology,signs and symptoms, tratment etc.,
Pertussis (Whooping cough)
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious bacterial disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. It is characterized by severe coughing spells that can result in a "whooping" sound when breathing in. The disease spreads through close contact with respiratory droplets from an infected person. Pertussis primarily affects pre-school aged children and causes three stages - an initial catarrhal stage with mild symptoms, a paroxymal stage with violent coughing fits and a convalescent stage where coughing subsides. Complications can include pneumonia, seizures and malnutrition from vomiting. Treatment involves antibiotics and prevention relies on vaccination.
Diptheria
Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Diphtheria causes a thick covering in the back of the throat. It can lead to difficulty breathing, heart failure, paralysis, and even death. CDC recommends vaccines for infants, children, teens and adults to prevent diphtheria. The presentation consists of basic concepts regarding the bacteria and its infection. It has explanation in detail about signs and symptoms of Diptheria
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This document discusses fungal sinusitis, describing the different types including invasive, noninvasive, allergic, and chronic. Invasive fungal sinusitis is the most lethal form with mortality rates of 50-80% and usually affects immunocompromised patients. Clinical presentation varies depending on type but may include fever, facial pain, nasal congestion, and proptosis. Diagnosis involves imaging like CT and MRI to identify fungal invasion of sinus tissues and bones. Treatment requires aggressive surgical debridement and antifungal therapy along with managing any underlying immunosuppression. Prognosis depends on extent of invasion, with intracranial spread having the highest mortality.
Diphtheria
Diphtheria is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae that mainly affects the nose and throat. It can cause a thick, gray membrane in the throat and tonsils. Complications may include heart damage, nerve damage, kidney problems, and difficulty breathing. Children are most at risk of contracting diphtheria through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing. Treatment involves antitoxin to neutralize toxins and antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent diphtheria.
Granulomatous disease of nose
This document discusses various granulomatous diseases of the nose. It begins by defining a granuloma and classifying granulomatous diseases of the nose into bacterial, fungal, and those of unspecified cause. Several fungal infections are then discussed in more detail, including rhinosporidiosis, aspergillosis, mucormycosis, candidiasis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis. Bacterial causes such as syphilis, tuberculosis, and leprosy are also covered. Finally, granulomatous diseases of unspecified cause including Wegener's granulomatosis, sarcoidosis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome are mentioned.
Small pox and chickenpox
Smallpox was a deadly disease that killed millions each year until its eradication in 1980 through a global vaccination campaign led by the WHO. It was caused by the variola virus and spread through respiratory droplets. Symptoms included a distinctive pustular rash that progressed through several stages. There was no treatment, so prevention through vaccination was critical. Edward Jenner's discovery of the cowpox vaccine in 1798 laid the foundation for eventually eliminating the disease worldwide over the following centuries through expanded vaccination efforts.
Diphtheria. Differential diagnostics of Acute tonsillitis
1. Diphtheria is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria and is characterized by formation of a fibrinous membrane in the throat or on skin.
2. The bacteria produce a toxin that is spread through the bloodstream, affecting organs like the heart, nerves, and adrenal glands.
3. While immunization programs have largely eliminated diphtheria in developed nations, it remains endemic in some parts of the world, with outbreaks occurring when immunization levels drop.
Mycobacterium leprae
This document discusses Mycobacterium leprae, the bacterium that causes leprosy. It is a gram-positive, acid-fast bacillus that cannot be grown in a laboratory. It primarily infects nerves and causes damage, resulting in loss of sensation. BCG vaccination provides protection against leprosy in about 90% of cases. The disease ranges from single lesions to disseminated lesions and nodules throughout the body. Diagnosis involves examination of skin and nerve biopsies to identify the acid-fast bacilli.
Fungal rhinosinusitis
This document discusses different types of fungal rhinosinusitis, including fungus ball, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, and invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. Fungus ball occurs in immunocompetent patients and presents with symptoms like post-nasal drip and is treated with surgical removal. Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis involves an allergic reaction and presents with sinus polyps and opacification, particularly in younger patients, and is treated with steroids and antifungals. Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis can be chronic/indolent and involve bone erosion, or acute/fulminant in immunocompromised patients, with vascular invasion presenting severe symptoms.
Granulomatous diseases of nose and pns
- Granulomatous diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses can be caused by infections like tuberculosis and leprosy, as well as non-infectious conditions.
- Tuberculosis of the nose commonly manifests as lupus vulgaris, presenting with nodular or ulcerative lesions. Leprosy can involve the nasal mucosa and cause destruction of the nasal cartilage and bone.
- Syphilis may cause primary chancres or mucous patches in the nasal vestibule and pharynx during its secondary stage.
Acute and chronic rhinitis
This document summarizes different types of rhinitis including common cold, influenza rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, chronic rhinitis, atrophic rhinitis, and hypertrophic rhinitis. It describes the etiology, clinical features, treatment, and complications of each type. The types are distinguished based on their causes such as viruses, allergens, chronic infections, or autonomic imbalances. Treatment involves managing the underlying cause as well as medications to reduce symptoms like antihistamines, decongestants, corticosteroids, and immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis.
Measles
Measles is an acute, highly contagious viral disease caused by the measles virus. It is characterized by fever, upper respiratory tract inflammation, Koplik's spots, and a maculopapular rash. The measles virus is spherical and contains RNA. It is transmitted via airborne droplets from the respiratory tract of infected patients. Complications can include respiratory infections, encephalitis, and gastrointestinal involvement. Diagnosis involves detecting measles virus or antibodies in samples from patients showing symptoms.
Lecture 10. diphtheria
Diphtheria is an acute toxin-mediated disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which are gram-positive, catalase-positive rods. It is characterized by sore throat and an adherent membrane on the tonsils, pharynx, and/or nasal cavity. The membrane firmly adheres to the mucosa and can spread down the bronchial tree, causing respiratory obstruction. Humans are the only reservoir, and it is transmitted through respiratory droplets or direct contact. Treatment involves diphtheria antitoxin and antibiotics such as erythromycin. Childhood immunization is the main preventive measure.
Diphtheria: The history you need to learn
In response to recent outbreak in Malaysia which till today 24th june 2016 takes 2 lives of innocent children. This slides is prepared for staff's CME by Dr Nurdalila Klinik Kesihatan Kg Gial Perlis. Based on cased investigation and outbreak managment for health care professional by MOH Malaysia
Diphtheria & pertussis by dr najeeb
This document discusses droplet infection and compares pertussis and diphtheria. It provides details on:
- Diseases that can be transmitted through droplet infection, including pertussis, diphtheria, meningitis, and tuberculosis.
- The causative agents, sources, host factors, modes of transmission, incubation periods, clinical features, diagnosis, and control measures for pertussis and diphtheria.
- Treatment for pertussis includes antibiotics, antitussives, sedatives, and steam inhalation. Treatment for diphtheria includes diphtheria antitoxin and antibiotics.
- Pakistan's EPI vaccination schedule, which provides vaccines
Fungal sinusitis
This document discusses different types of fungal sinusitis, including invasive and noninvasive forms. Invasive fungal sinusitis is characterized by fungal hyphae growing within sinus tissues and can be acute, chronic, or chronic granulomatous. Noninvasive types include allergic fungal sinusitis and fungal balls. Imaging findings on CT and MRI are described for each type. Treatment involves surgical removal of fungal material and antifungal medications, with the most aggressive form requiring extensive debridement and high doses of amphotericin B due to its high mortality risk if left untreated. Potential side effects of antifungal drugs are also noted.
Tetanus
Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani bacteria, whose spores can survive in soil for decades. The spores enter the body through wounds and produce a toxin that causes painful muscle spasms. It is diagnosed based on symptoms and treated with antibiotics, tetanus immune globulin, muscle relaxants, and vaccination to prevent future illness. Widespread childhood immunization programs have reduced cases in many countries.
Rhino virus,corona,enterovirus
Rhino virus, corona virus, and enterovirus are common causes of respiratory illness. Rhino virus is the main cause of the common cold and symptoms typically resolve within a week. Corona viruses can cause mild upper respiratory infections or more severe illness like SARS. Enteroviruses are transmitted through oral contact and cause a variety of respiratory symptoms from sore throat to pneumonia. Treatment is usually supportive and prevention focuses on hand hygiene and sanitation.
Respiratory diseases and associated with dental managment
The document provides an overview of respiratory diseases. It begins by describing the functions of the respiratory system and its main components. It then discusses specific respiratory conditions like sinusitis, viral infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, asthma and COPD. For each condition, it describes the causes, clinical findings, management and oral health considerations. The document aims to comprehensively cover the major respiratory diseases and related topics.
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Mycoplasma pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumonia is caused by contact with the sneezing and coughing of infected individuals. It commonly affects people under 40 and those living in crowded areas. Symptoms include chest pain, cough, fever and headache and can range from mild to severe. Diagnosis involves exams, blood tests, imaging and sputum cultures. Treatment involves antibiotics taken orally or intravenously for 2 weeks or more to completion. Complications can include ear infections, anemia or severe pneumonia. Prevention focuses on hand washing, avoiding crowds when immune is weak, not smoking, getting flu and pneumonia vaccines.
Diphtheria
Details about definition of diphtheria, causative organism, ethiology,signs and symptoms, tratment etc.,
Pertussis (Whooping cough)
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious bacterial disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. It is characterized by severe coughing spells that can result in a "whooping" sound when breathing in. The disease spreads through close contact with respiratory droplets from an infected person. Pertussis primarily affects pre-school aged children and causes three stages - an initial catarrhal stage with mild symptoms, a paroxymal stage with violent coughing fits and a convalescent stage where coughing subsides. Complications can include pneumonia, seizures and malnutrition from vomiting. Treatment involves antibiotics and prevention relies on vaccination.
Diptheria
Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Diphtheria causes a thick covering in the back of the throat. It can lead to difficulty breathing, heart failure, paralysis, and even death. CDC recommends vaccines for infants, children, teens and adults to prevent diphtheria. The presentation consists of basic concepts regarding the bacteria and its infection. It has explanation in detail about signs and symptoms of Diptheria
Laryngoscleroma case presentation by DR AMR KHOLIEF
case presentaion of laryngoscleroma by dr/ AMR KHOLIEF
ass. lecturer E.N.T department alex. uni. egypt
Fungal rhinosinusitis, Qims
This document discusses fungal sinusitis, describing the different types including invasive, noninvasive, allergic, and chronic. Invasive fungal sinusitis is the most lethal form with mortality rates of 50-80% and usually affects immunocompromised patients. Clinical presentation varies depending on type but may include fever, facial pain, nasal congestion, and proptosis. Diagnosis involves imaging like CT and MRI to identify fungal invasion of sinus tissues and bones. Treatment requires aggressive surgical debridement and antifungal therapy along with managing any underlying immunosuppression. Prognosis depends on extent of invasion, with intracranial spread having the highest mortality.
Diphtheria
Diphtheria is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae that mainly affects the nose and throat. It can cause a thick, gray membrane in the throat and tonsils. Complications may include heart damage, nerve damage, kidney problems, and difficulty breathing. Children are most at risk of contracting diphtheria through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing. Treatment involves antitoxin to neutralize toxins and antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent diphtheria.
Granulomatous disease of nose
This document discusses various granulomatous diseases of the nose. It begins by defining a granuloma and classifying granulomatous diseases of the nose into bacterial, fungal, and those of unspecified cause. Several fungal infections are then discussed in more detail, including rhinosporidiosis, aspergillosis, mucormycosis, candidiasis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis. Bacterial causes such as syphilis, tuberculosis, and leprosy are also covered. Finally, granulomatous diseases of unspecified cause including Wegener's granulomatosis, sarcoidosis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome are mentioned.
Small pox and chickenpox
Smallpox was a deadly disease that killed millions each year until its eradication in 1980 through a global vaccination campaign led by the WHO. It was caused by the variola virus and spread through respiratory droplets. Symptoms included a distinctive pustular rash that progressed through several stages. There was no treatment, so prevention through vaccination was critical. Edward Jenner's discovery of the cowpox vaccine in 1798 laid the foundation for eventually eliminating the disease worldwide over the following centuries through expanded vaccination efforts.
Diphtheria. Differential diagnostics of Acute tonsillitis
1. Diphtheria is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria and is characterized by formation of a fibrinous membrane in the throat or on skin.
2. The bacteria produce a toxin that is spread through the bloodstream, affecting organs like the heart, nerves, and adrenal glands.
3. While immunization programs have largely eliminated diphtheria in developed nations, it remains endemic in some parts of the world, with outbreaks occurring when immunization levels drop.
Mycobacterium leprae
This document discusses Mycobacterium leprae, the bacterium that causes leprosy. It is a gram-positive, acid-fast bacillus that cannot be grown in a laboratory. It primarily infects nerves and causes damage, resulting in loss of sensation. BCG vaccination provides protection against leprosy in about 90% of cases. The disease ranges from single lesions to disseminated lesions and nodules throughout the body. Diagnosis involves examination of skin and nerve biopsies to identify the acid-fast bacilli.
Fungal rhinosinusitis
This document discusses different types of fungal rhinosinusitis, including fungus ball, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, and invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. Fungus ball occurs in immunocompetent patients and presents with symptoms like post-nasal drip and is treated with surgical removal. Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis involves an allergic reaction and presents with sinus polyps and opacification, particularly in younger patients, and is treated with steroids and antifungals. Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis can be chronic/indolent and involve bone erosion, or acute/fulminant in immunocompromised patients, with vascular invasion presenting severe symptoms.
Granulomatous diseases of nose and pns
- Granulomatous diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses can be caused by infections like tuberculosis and leprosy, as well as non-infectious conditions.
- Tuberculosis of the nose commonly manifests as lupus vulgaris, presenting with nodular or ulcerative lesions. Leprosy can involve the nasal mucosa and cause destruction of the nasal cartilage and bone.
- Syphilis may cause primary chancres or mucous patches in the nasal vestibule and pharynx during its secondary stage.
Acute and chronic rhinitis
This document summarizes different types of rhinitis including common cold, influenza rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, chronic rhinitis, atrophic rhinitis, and hypertrophic rhinitis. It describes the etiology, clinical features, treatment, and complications of each type. The types are distinguished based on their causes such as viruses, allergens, chronic infections, or autonomic imbalances. Treatment involves managing the underlying cause as well as medications to reduce symptoms like antihistamines, decongestants, corticosteroids, and immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis.
Measles
Measles is an acute, highly contagious viral disease caused by the measles virus. It is characterized by fever, upper respiratory tract inflammation, Koplik's spots, and a maculopapular rash. The measles virus is spherical and contains RNA. It is transmitted via airborne droplets from the respiratory tract of infected patients. Complications can include respiratory infections, encephalitis, and gastrointestinal involvement. Diagnosis involves detecting measles virus or antibodies in samples from patients showing symptoms.
Lecture 10. diphtheria
Diphtheria is an acute toxin-mediated disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which are gram-positive, catalase-positive rods. It is characterized by sore throat and an adherent membrane on the tonsils, pharynx, and/or nasal cavity. The membrane firmly adheres to the mucosa and can spread down the bronchial tree, causing respiratory obstruction. Humans are the only reservoir, and it is transmitted through respiratory droplets or direct contact. Treatment involves diphtheria antitoxin and antibiotics such as erythromycin. Childhood immunization is the main preventive measure.
Diphtheria: The history you need to learn
In response to recent outbreak in Malaysia which till today 24th june 2016 takes 2 lives of innocent children. This slides is prepared for staff's CME by Dr Nurdalila Klinik Kesihatan Kg Gial Perlis. Based on cased investigation and outbreak managment for health care professional by MOH Malaysia
Diphtheria & pertussis by dr najeeb
This document discusses droplet infection and compares pertussis and diphtheria. It provides details on:
- Diseases that can be transmitted through droplet infection, including pertussis, diphtheria, meningitis, and tuberculosis.
- The causative agents, sources, host factors, modes of transmission, incubation periods, clinical features, diagnosis, and control measures for pertussis and diphtheria.
- Treatment for pertussis includes antibiotics, antitussives, sedatives, and steam inhalation. Treatment for diphtheria includes diphtheria antitoxin and antibiotics.
- Pakistan's EPI vaccination schedule, which provides vaccines
Fungal sinusitis
This document discusses different types of fungal sinusitis, including invasive and noninvasive forms. Invasive fungal sinusitis is characterized by fungal hyphae growing within sinus tissues and can be acute, chronic, or chronic granulomatous. Noninvasive types include allergic fungal sinusitis and fungal balls. Imaging findings on CT and MRI are described for each type. Treatment involves surgical removal of fungal material and antifungal medications, with the most aggressive form requiring extensive debridement and high doses of amphotericin B due to its high mortality risk if left untreated. Potential side effects of antifungal drugs are also noted.
Tetanus
Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani bacteria, whose spores can survive in soil for decades. The spores enter the body through wounds and produce a toxin that causes painful muscle spasms. It is diagnosed based on symptoms and treated with antibiotics, tetanus immune globulin, muscle relaxants, and vaccination to prevent future illness. Widespread childhood immunization programs have reduced cases in many countries.
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Laryngoscleroma case presentation by DR AMR KHOLIEF
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Rhino virus, corona virus, and enterovirus are common causes of respiratory illness. Rhino virus is the main cause of the common cold and symptoms typically resolve within a week. Corona viruses can cause mild upper respiratory infections or more severe illness like SARS. Enteroviruses are transmitted through oral contact and cause a variety of respiratory symptoms from sore throat to pneumonia. Treatment is usually supportive and prevention focuses on hand hygiene and sanitation.
Respiratory diseases and associated with dental managment
The document provides an overview of respiratory diseases. It begins by describing the functions of the respiratory system and its main components. It then discusses specific respiratory conditions like sinusitis, viral infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, asthma and COPD. For each condition, it describes the causes, clinical findings, management and oral health considerations. The document aims to comprehensively cover the major respiratory diseases and related topics.
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Dental consideration in respiratory disorders/prosthodontic courses
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Dental consideration in respiratory disorders/ dental crown & bridge courses
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
H1N1.pptx
A power point on the topic of H1N1, a viral disease that caused an epidemic. All basic points regarding the topic is available in this slide.
bacterial pneumonia
This document discusses lower respiratory tract infections, including the types of pneumonia (community-acquired, hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated), common causative agents, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. It provides details on bacterial pathogens that commonly cause pneumonia like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. It also discusses atypical pneumonia from Mycoplasma or Legionella, as well as tuberculosis and fungal pneumonia. Sputum analysis, culture and sensitivity are important tools for diagnosis. Risk factors for hospital-acquired pneumonia include medical interventions like intubation and underlying illness.
Herpesviridae.pptx
This document summarizes several virus families that can infect animals, including Herpesviridae, Retroviruses, Birnaviridae, Flaviviridae, Poxviridae, and Paramyxoviridae. It provides details on the structure and replication cycles of these viruses. It also describes several specific viral diseases like infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, Marek's disease, avian leukosis, infectious bursal disease, contagious ecthyma, peste des petits ruminants, and Newcastle disease. The clinical signs, transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and control measures for these diseases are summarized.
cold, bronchitis
The document discusses acute upper respiratory infections in children. It defines acute upper respiratory infections and lists common causes like viruses. It describes the symptoms, signs, and typical progression of a common cold. Diagnosis is usually made clinically based on symptoms. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms like fever, nasal congestion, and cough through rest, hydration, nasal saline, and over-the-counter medications. Complications can include secondary bacterial infections.
Lung abscess
Lung abscess is a localized area of lung destruction caused by infection, typically by aspiration of oropharyngeal bacteria. It appears on imaging as a cavity containing air-fluid levels. The infection can start as necrotizing pneumonia that progresses to microabscesses and larger cavitary lesions over time. Risk factors include dental/sinus infections, impaired swallowing, or pre-existing lung disease. Treatment involves antibiotics targeting common aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Therapy typically lasts 4-6 weeks until imaging shows resolution, though surgery may be needed for large or resistant abscesses. Complications can include empyema, bronchopleural fistula, or distant infections if not properly treated.
1. Upper Respiratory Tract Infections CCM - Copy.pdf
The document provides information on various respiratory tract infections including their classification, anatomy, defenses, risk factors, causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses common upper respiratory infections such as rhinitis, common cold, sinusitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis and their epidemiology. For each infection, it describes the etiological agents, signs and symptoms, complications and recommended treatment approaches.
Lower respiratory tract infection: BRONCHITIS, BRONCHIOLITIS, PNEUMONIA IN CH...
Lower respiratory tract infection: BRONCHITIS, BRONCHIOLITIS, PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN, ASTHMA IN CHILDREN: INTRODUCTIO, DEFINITION, CAUSES, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT, NURSING DIAGNOSIS.
Pneumonia (anurag yadav).pptx
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs that can be caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. Bacteria are the most common cause. The main symptoms include cough, fever, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Pneumonia is generally diagnosed based on symptoms, chest imaging, and tests of sputum or blood samples. Treatment depends on the cause but may include antibiotics, antivirals, oxygen therapy, or fluids. Vaccines can help prevent certain types of pneumonia.
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Respiratory diseases and associated with dental managment
Respiratory diseases and associated with dental managment
Dental consideration in respiratory disorders/prosthodontic courses
Dental consideration in respiratory disorders/prosthodontic courses
Dental consideration in respiratory disorders/ dental crown & bridge courses
Dental consideration in respiratory disorders/ dental crown & bridge courses
1. Upper Respiratory Tract Infections CCM - Copy.pdf
1. Upper Respiratory Tract Infections CCM - Copy.pdf
Lower respiratory tract infection: BRONCHITIS, BRONCHIOLITIS, PNEUMONIA IN CH...
Lower respiratory tract infection: BRONCHITIS, BRONCHIOLITIS, PNEUMONIA IN CH...
Recently uploaded
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
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This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS Template 2023-2024 by: Irene S. Rueco
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Types of Herbal Cosmetics its standardization.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Recently uploaded (20)
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
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RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
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বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
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Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
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How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
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Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
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Coronavirus
- 2. •It causes respiratory disease like common cold •The genetic material of coronavirus is single stranded RNA •It is the category of ribovirus •It creates problem in respiratory system
- 3. Ater infection of coronavirus it multiply in body of host through replication and translation process The genetic material of coronavirus replicates to form new RNA copies wih the help of RNA polymerase enzyme After replication the synthesis occurs through translation process
- 4. It is most common infectious disease It is transmitted through droplets,contaminated object like mouse,keyboard,towel etc
- 5. Fever Dry cough Sneezing and coughing Sore throat Diarrhoea
- 6. Facamask should be used by people Avoid close contact with people who are sick Avoid touching your eyes nose and mouth with unwashed hand
- 7. Treatment of coronavirus is not specific The patient should be take antiviral drugs Example:- Ribavirin – generic name Rebetol – brand name