This document provides information about cardiac catheters and guidewires used in cardiac catheterization procedures. It discusses the history of cardiac catheters, ideal characteristics, parts of a catheter, materials used in construction, types of catheters including pigtail catheters, and features of guidewires. Characteristics such as size, stiffness, memory, and friction coefficient are compared for different catheter materials. The document also includes images and descriptions of specific catheters and guidewire tips.
This document provides an overview of sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SOVA). Key points include:
- SOVA is a thin-walled bulge that originates from the aortic sinuses, most commonly the right sinus. It can rupture into the right heart chambers.
- Presentation depends on rupture status - ruptured SOVA causes a continuous murmur while unruptured can cause arrhythmias or embolism. Imaging helps confirm diagnosis.
- Surgery is the standard treatment, involving a median sternotomy, cardiopulmonary bypass, and patch closure of the defect from inside the aorta and heart chambers. Device closure is also possible. Outcomes are generally good but
Difficulties in Transradial Intervention ( TRI).Ashok Dutta
Difficulties in transradial intervention include failure to puncture the radial artery, radial artery spasm, tortuosity or loops in the radial or brachial arteries, use of smaller catheters, difficult coronary cannulation, and challenges during percutaneous coronary intervention. Proper catheter selection based on artery size and anatomy, use of adjunct devices like buddy wires, and deep intubation can help maximize support during difficult cases. Angiography may be needed to guide wiring and balloon crossing in tortuous vessels, and stenting can seal aortic dissections involving the coronary ostium.
Cardiopulmonary bypass development and history
Indication of cpb
Hardware in cpb
Arterial and venous cannulation
Oxygenator
Heat exchanger
Filter
How to conduct cpb and problems in cpb
Cardioplegia
This document discusses the history and development of coronary stents. It notes that the introduction of angioplasty led to the development of stents to address the problem of restenosis. Early stents were bare metal, but drug-eluting stents were developed to further reduce restenosis rates by preventing neointimal growth. The document covers the various types of stents developed over time including differences in materials, coatings, and platforms. It also discusses the rationale for biodegradable stents which aim to eliminate complications from permanent metal implants.
This document discusses intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) timing and its effects on hemodynamics. It notes that early IABP inflation increases afterload and left ventricular work, reducing cardiac output. Delayed IABP inflation results in inadequate diastolic augmentation and no reduction in afterload or increase in diastolic perfusion pressure. Late IABP deflation dramatically increases afterload, causing late aortic valve opening and severely reduced cardiac output, seen on the pressure waveform as a higher assisted end-diastolic pressure and lower assisted systolic pressure compared to unassisted pressures.
This document provides information about cardiac catheters and guidewires used in cardiac catheterization procedures. It discusses the history of cardiac catheters, ideal characteristics, parts of a catheter, materials used in construction, types of catheters including pigtail catheters, and features of guidewires. Characteristics such as size, stiffness, memory, and friction coefficient are compared for different catheter materials. The document also includes images and descriptions of specific catheters and guidewire tips.
This document provides an overview of sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SOVA). Key points include:
- SOVA is a thin-walled bulge that originates from the aortic sinuses, most commonly the right sinus. It can rupture into the right heart chambers.
- Presentation depends on rupture status - ruptured SOVA causes a continuous murmur while unruptured can cause arrhythmias or embolism. Imaging helps confirm diagnosis.
- Surgery is the standard treatment, involving a median sternotomy, cardiopulmonary bypass, and patch closure of the defect from inside the aorta and heart chambers. Device closure is also possible. Outcomes are generally good but
Difficulties in Transradial Intervention ( TRI).Ashok Dutta
Difficulties in transradial intervention include failure to puncture the radial artery, radial artery spasm, tortuosity or loops in the radial or brachial arteries, use of smaller catheters, difficult coronary cannulation, and challenges during percutaneous coronary intervention. Proper catheter selection based on artery size and anatomy, use of adjunct devices like buddy wires, and deep intubation can help maximize support during difficult cases. Angiography may be needed to guide wiring and balloon crossing in tortuous vessels, and stenting can seal aortic dissections involving the coronary ostium.
Cardiopulmonary bypass development and history
Indication of cpb
Hardware in cpb
Arterial and venous cannulation
Oxygenator
Heat exchanger
Filter
How to conduct cpb and problems in cpb
Cardioplegia
This document discusses the history and development of coronary stents. It notes that the introduction of angioplasty led to the development of stents to address the problem of restenosis. Early stents were bare metal, but drug-eluting stents were developed to further reduce restenosis rates by preventing neointimal growth. The document covers the various types of stents developed over time including differences in materials, coatings, and platforms. It also discusses the rationale for biodegradable stents which aim to eliminate complications from permanent metal implants.
This document discusses intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) timing and its effects on hemodynamics. It notes that early IABP inflation increases afterload and left ventricular work, reducing cardiac output. Delayed IABP inflation results in inadequate diastolic augmentation and no reduction in afterload or increase in diastolic perfusion pressure. Late IABP deflation dramatically increases afterload, causing late aortic valve opening and severely reduced cardiac output, seen on the pressure waveform as a higher assisted end-diastolic pressure and lower assisted systolic pressure compared to unassisted pressures.
This document discusses pressure changes that can occur during coronary angiography, specifically damping and ventricularization. Damping is defined as a significant decrease in pressure at the coronary ostium when the catheter is placed, accompanied by the disappearance of pressure waveforms, suggesting no antegrade flow. Ventricularization occurs when blood circulates within a coronary artery like a closed system, deforming the aortic pressure waveform. The document emphasizes the importance of the operator recognizing abnormal pressure changes to avoid complications, and provides solutions like catheter replacement or intracoronary nitroglycerin to address issues.
Este documento presenta el plan quirúrgico para una cirugía de Bentall en una paciente de 24 años. Incluye los objetivos quirúrgicos, la anatomía y fisiología relevante, la lista de chequeo del instrumental, equipos y suministros necesarios. También describe la organización de las mesas quirúrgicas y la ubicación del equipo, los pasos de la anestesia, incisión, proceso quirúrgico que involucra reemplazar la válvula aórtica y raíz de aorta con un tubo
Vascular closure devices were developed in the 1990s as alternatives to manual compression for achieving hemostasis after a cardiac catheterization procedure. There are two main types - passive devices that enhance clotting without achieving prompt hemostasis, and active devices that achieve hemostasis more quickly through mechanical or chemical means. Examples of active devices discussed include the Angio-Seal device which uses an absorbable anchor and collagen plug, and the Perclose device which uses an automated suturing mechanism. Studies have shown that active devices can reduce time to hemostasis, ambulation, and discharge compared to manual compression, though they may increase risks of infection and limb ischemia in some cases. Complications associated with vascular closure include bleeding
a case of Bifurcation Stenting- Dr Zarrar zarrarbutt
This document summarizes a case study of a 45-year-old male patient who presented with chest pain. After initial examination and tests, he received a diagnosis of unstable angina. The patient underwent a coronary angiogram which revealed bifurcation lesions. The document then discusses in detail the challenges of treating bifurcation lesions, different classification systems for bifurcations, stent techniques, and concludes that provisional stenting of the main branch followed by kissing balloon inflations is often the best strategy.
This document discusses anticoagulation and hemostasis during cardiopulmonary bypass. It covers normal coagulation pathways, the use of heparin for anticoagulation during bypass, and protamine for reversing the effects of heparin afterwards. Complications from heparin like heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and alternatives to heparin and protamine are also reviewed. Maintaining the delicate balance of anticoagulation during bypass and restoring hemostasis afterwards is an important consideration in cardiac surgery.
This document discusses anatomy and physiology related to breathing and ventilation. It covers the anatomy of the ribs and lungs. Physiology concepts covered include oxygen transport through the alveolar-capillary membrane and carbon dioxide transport. Breathing is defined as the mechanical act of moving air into the lungs, controlled by the brain. Common chest injuries like pneumothorax, hemothorax, and rib fractures are examined. Treatment focuses on oxygen supplementation, ventilation assistance, sealing open wounds, and decompressing tension pneumothorax through needle decompression.
This document discusses different types of catheters used in cardiology, their characteristics, and appropriate uses. It begins by defining a catheter and its basic functions. It then covers topics like catheter size, characteristics related to pushability, torque, flexibility, and trackability. Specific features of guide catheters like preformed curves and lumen size are addressed. Differences between diagnostic and therapeutic catheters are highlighted. The roles of microcatheters in complex procedures are also summarized. Throughout, examples are given of catheter shapes, uses in different coronary anatomies, and selections for procedures like chronic total occlusions.
This document summarizes various stylet devices that can be used for intubation. It describes each device's name, manufacturer, size options, intended clinical applications, and special features. Some key stylet types include lighted stylets for illumination during intubation, viewing stylets that provide video imaging or fiberoptic views of the airway, and hybrid stylets that offer steering capabilities or video capabilities in addition to guiding endotracheal tubes. The stylets vary in whether they are single-use or reusable, rigid or flexible, and how they can assist with or provide alternatives to traditional intubation techniques.
Cardiac tamponade is a medical emergency caused by an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space, which surrounds the heart. This increased fluid pressure restricts the heart's filling and reduces cardiac output. If untreated, cardiac tamponade is rapidly fatal. Diagnosis is made through physical exam findings, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray and echocardiogram. Pericardiocentesis, a procedure to drain the fluid via needle insertion, provides immediate relief and is lifesaving for cardiac tamponade. After the procedure, close monitoring is needed to watch for potential complications and recurrence of fluid buildup.
THE USE OF INOTROPIC DRUGS IN CARDIAC SURGERYThierry Yunishe
This document provides information on various inotropic drugs used in cardiac surgery, including their indications, mechanisms of action, dosages, and side effects. It discusses sympathomimetic drugs like dopamine, dobutamine, and adrenaline that have positive inotropic effects by stimulating cardiac contraction directly. It also mentions the negative inotrope propranolol and vasopressors like adrenaline and noradrenaline. The aim of using inotropes in cardiac surgery is to optimize cardiac output while using the minimum effective dose to achieve desired outcomes and allow weaning off the drugs.
This document discusses different techniques for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of bifurcation lesions. It begins by defining a bifurcation lesion and classifying them using the Medina classification system. It then describes commonly used PCI strategies such as provisional stenting, crush, culotte, T stenting, and kissing stents. Several studies comparing outcomes of single versus two stent techniques and crush versus culotte are summarized. The document concludes by emphasizing keeping PCI procedures for bifurcation lesions safe, simple and swift.
The heart has four chambers - two upper receiving chambers called the atria and two lower pumping chambers called the ventricles. It is surrounded by the pericardium and has three layers - the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the four pulmonary veins. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic circulation.
This document provides an overview of 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation for myocardial infarction (MI). Key points covered include: the phases of the cardiac action potential; principles of Einthoven's triangle and augmented lead interpretation; proper 12-lead placement; identifying ST segment elevation/depression; differentiating STEMI from NSTEMI; reciprocal changes; locations of artery involvement based on lead findings; and treatment considerations for STEMI. Common STEMI mimics and the importance of differentiating MI from conditions like left ventricular hypertrophy are also discussed.
This document provides an overview of atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter. It discusses the characteristics, mechanisms, ECG features, causes and clinical outcomes of AF. It also covers the classification, mechanisms, ECG patterns and examples of atrial flutter. Key points include that AF is characterized by disorganized atrial activation and irregular ventricular rhythm, while flutter involves a reentrant circuit in the right atrium causing a regular atrial rate of 300 bpm. Complications of AF include increased risk of stroke, heart failure and cardiac death.
A 46-year-old male presented with sudden onset of chest pain radiating to the left arm and shortness of breath. He has risk factors of smoking but no other medical history. On examination, his vitals were stable and heart and lung sounds were normal. The document discusses the arterial supply of the heart and how electrocardiogram leads correspond to different areas of the heart muscle. It provides detailed descriptions of ST segment changes that would indicate occlusions or blocks in different coronary arteries and the regions of the heart affected.
The document discusses guidelines from the ACC/AHA on indications for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. It classifies indications into three classes based on evidence: Class I are conditions where CABG is useful and effective, Class II where evidence is conflicting, and Class III where CABG is not useful or effective. It provides the classification for various coronary artery disease presentations such as left main stenosis, multi-vessel disease, and poor left ventricular function. Emergency CABG may be indicated for complications of ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
This document discusses pressure changes that can occur during coronary angiography, specifically damping and ventricularization. Damping is defined as a significant decrease in pressure at the coronary ostium when the catheter is placed, accompanied by the disappearance of pressure waveforms, suggesting no antegrade flow. Ventricularization occurs when blood circulates within a coronary artery like a closed system, deforming the aortic pressure waveform. The document emphasizes the importance of the operator recognizing abnormal pressure changes to avoid complications, and provides solutions like catheter replacement or intracoronary nitroglycerin to address issues.
Este documento presenta el plan quirúrgico para una cirugía de Bentall en una paciente de 24 años. Incluye los objetivos quirúrgicos, la anatomía y fisiología relevante, la lista de chequeo del instrumental, equipos y suministros necesarios. También describe la organización de las mesas quirúrgicas y la ubicación del equipo, los pasos de la anestesia, incisión, proceso quirúrgico que involucra reemplazar la válvula aórtica y raíz de aorta con un tubo
Vascular closure devices were developed in the 1990s as alternatives to manual compression for achieving hemostasis after a cardiac catheterization procedure. There are two main types - passive devices that enhance clotting without achieving prompt hemostasis, and active devices that achieve hemostasis more quickly through mechanical or chemical means. Examples of active devices discussed include the Angio-Seal device which uses an absorbable anchor and collagen plug, and the Perclose device which uses an automated suturing mechanism. Studies have shown that active devices can reduce time to hemostasis, ambulation, and discharge compared to manual compression, though they may increase risks of infection and limb ischemia in some cases. Complications associated with vascular closure include bleeding
a case of Bifurcation Stenting- Dr Zarrar zarrarbutt
This document summarizes a case study of a 45-year-old male patient who presented with chest pain. After initial examination and tests, he received a diagnosis of unstable angina. The patient underwent a coronary angiogram which revealed bifurcation lesions. The document then discusses in detail the challenges of treating bifurcation lesions, different classification systems for bifurcations, stent techniques, and concludes that provisional stenting of the main branch followed by kissing balloon inflations is often the best strategy.
This document discusses anticoagulation and hemostasis during cardiopulmonary bypass. It covers normal coagulation pathways, the use of heparin for anticoagulation during bypass, and protamine for reversing the effects of heparin afterwards. Complications from heparin like heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and alternatives to heparin and protamine are also reviewed. Maintaining the delicate balance of anticoagulation during bypass and restoring hemostasis afterwards is an important consideration in cardiac surgery.
This document discusses anatomy and physiology related to breathing and ventilation. It covers the anatomy of the ribs and lungs. Physiology concepts covered include oxygen transport through the alveolar-capillary membrane and carbon dioxide transport. Breathing is defined as the mechanical act of moving air into the lungs, controlled by the brain. Common chest injuries like pneumothorax, hemothorax, and rib fractures are examined. Treatment focuses on oxygen supplementation, ventilation assistance, sealing open wounds, and decompressing tension pneumothorax through needle decompression.
This document discusses different types of catheters used in cardiology, their characteristics, and appropriate uses. It begins by defining a catheter and its basic functions. It then covers topics like catheter size, characteristics related to pushability, torque, flexibility, and trackability. Specific features of guide catheters like preformed curves and lumen size are addressed. Differences between diagnostic and therapeutic catheters are highlighted. The roles of microcatheters in complex procedures are also summarized. Throughout, examples are given of catheter shapes, uses in different coronary anatomies, and selections for procedures like chronic total occlusions.
This document summarizes various stylet devices that can be used for intubation. It describes each device's name, manufacturer, size options, intended clinical applications, and special features. Some key stylet types include lighted stylets for illumination during intubation, viewing stylets that provide video imaging or fiberoptic views of the airway, and hybrid stylets that offer steering capabilities or video capabilities in addition to guiding endotracheal tubes. The stylets vary in whether they are single-use or reusable, rigid or flexible, and how they can assist with or provide alternatives to traditional intubation techniques.
Cardiac tamponade is a medical emergency caused by an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space, which surrounds the heart. This increased fluid pressure restricts the heart's filling and reduces cardiac output. If untreated, cardiac tamponade is rapidly fatal. Diagnosis is made through physical exam findings, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray and echocardiogram. Pericardiocentesis, a procedure to drain the fluid via needle insertion, provides immediate relief and is lifesaving for cardiac tamponade. After the procedure, close monitoring is needed to watch for potential complications and recurrence of fluid buildup.
THE USE OF INOTROPIC DRUGS IN CARDIAC SURGERYThierry Yunishe
This document provides information on various inotropic drugs used in cardiac surgery, including their indications, mechanisms of action, dosages, and side effects. It discusses sympathomimetic drugs like dopamine, dobutamine, and adrenaline that have positive inotropic effects by stimulating cardiac contraction directly. It also mentions the negative inotrope propranolol and vasopressors like adrenaline and noradrenaline. The aim of using inotropes in cardiac surgery is to optimize cardiac output while using the minimum effective dose to achieve desired outcomes and allow weaning off the drugs.
This document discusses different techniques for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of bifurcation lesions. It begins by defining a bifurcation lesion and classifying them using the Medina classification system. It then describes commonly used PCI strategies such as provisional stenting, crush, culotte, T stenting, and kissing stents. Several studies comparing outcomes of single versus two stent techniques and crush versus culotte are summarized. The document concludes by emphasizing keeping PCI procedures for bifurcation lesions safe, simple and swift.
The heart has four chambers - two upper receiving chambers called the atria and two lower pumping chambers called the ventricles. It is surrounded by the pericardium and has three layers - the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the four pulmonary veins. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic circulation.
This document provides an overview of 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation for myocardial infarction (MI). Key points covered include: the phases of the cardiac action potential; principles of Einthoven's triangle and augmented lead interpretation; proper 12-lead placement; identifying ST segment elevation/depression; differentiating STEMI from NSTEMI; reciprocal changes; locations of artery involvement based on lead findings; and treatment considerations for STEMI. Common STEMI mimics and the importance of differentiating MI from conditions like left ventricular hypertrophy are also discussed.
This document provides an overview of atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter. It discusses the characteristics, mechanisms, ECG features, causes and clinical outcomes of AF. It also covers the classification, mechanisms, ECG patterns and examples of atrial flutter. Key points include that AF is characterized by disorganized atrial activation and irregular ventricular rhythm, while flutter involves a reentrant circuit in the right atrium causing a regular atrial rate of 300 bpm. Complications of AF include increased risk of stroke, heart failure and cardiac death.
A 46-year-old male presented with sudden onset of chest pain radiating to the left arm and shortness of breath. He has risk factors of smoking but no other medical history. On examination, his vitals were stable and heart and lung sounds were normal. The document discusses the arterial supply of the heart and how electrocardiogram leads correspond to different areas of the heart muscle. It provides detailed descriptions of ST segment changes that would indicate occlusions or blocks in different coronary arteries and the regions of the heart affected.
The document discusses guidelines from the ACC/AHA on indications for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. It classifies indications into three classes based on evidence: Class I are conditions where CABG is useful and effective, Class II where evidence is conflicting, and Class III where CABG is not useful or effective. It provides the classification for various coronary artery disease presentations such as left main stenosis, multi-vessel disease, and poor left ventricular function. Emergency CABG may be indicated for complications of ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
1. The document provides guidelines for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) based on a patient's symptoms, coronary artery disease severity, and left ventricular function.
2. It recommends CABG as a Class I procedure for patients with left main coronary artery stenosis or its equivalent, regardless of symptoms.
3. CABG is also recommended for stable angina patients with three-vessel or proximal left anterior descending artery disease, and for unstable angina/non-ST elevation myocardial infarction with severe multi-vessel disease.
This talk was presented in NULL Delhi chapter meet in 2014, as an insight into the world of PCI (Payment Card Industry) and the 12 requirements of PCI DSS
This document provides an overview of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. [1] It defines CABG as a procedure that grafts arteries to bypass blockages in the coronary arteries and improve blood flow to the heart. [2] It discusses the pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative nursing management of patients undergoing CABG, including assessment, interventions to ensure patient safety and comfort, and monitoring for complications during recovery. [3] The objectives are for students to understand the CABG procedure, indications, nursing care involved, and potential complications.
Primary PCI involves performing urgent angioplasty and potentially stenting of the culprit artery in STEMI patients, with the goal of reopening the blocked vessel within 90 minutes of first medical contact. It is the preferred reperfusion strategy when it can be performed promptly by an experienced team. Factors such as patient age, time to treatment, comorbidities, and initial flow in the artery help determine whether primary PCI or thrombolysis is most appropriate. Optimal anticoagulation and antiplatelet regimens along with adjunctive therapies like manual thrombectomy can improve outcomes of primary PCI.
The document discusses the nursing management of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. It covers preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative nursing assessments, diagnoses, goals, and interventions. Key aspects of care include managing patients' fears and knowledge deficits, monitoring for complications during and after surgery, maintaining cardiac output and gas exchange, managing pain, and teaching patients about postoperative self-care.
The document provides answers to math review questions covering topics like counting techniques, grouping and analyzing data, multiplying polynomials, solid geometry, and volume calculations. It includes step-by-step workings for problems involving multiplication, combinations, permutations, creating tables and graphs from data, multiplying binomial expressions, finding volumes of geometric solids, and solving a word problem about maintaining the same volume with changes in dimensions.
The document summarizes findings from AdReaction's 2014 report on multiscreen advertising. Some key findings:
- 41% of screen time for U.S. multiscreen users is spent simultaneously using a TV and digital device, with 29% considered "stacking" (unrelated content) and 13% "meshing" (related content).
- The biggest opportunity for multiscreen marketing is during the 59% of screen time spent "shifting" between devices with synergistic campaigns.
- TV is often the first screen but digital devices are used to continue engaging with content. Marketers should have a presence across multiple devices with entertaining and useful content.
Space travel is dangerous and expensive, but it doesn't have to be. Find out about an alternative way to reach orbit that is rapidly becoming feasible and may eventually change how we view our world.
5 Things on Mobile with Don.na co-founder Kevin ChengRob Woodbridge
This is based on episode #470 on UNTETHER.tv that featured Don.na co-founder Kevin Cheng. Don.na is a mobile app that acts are a personal assistant - making sure you aren't late for meetings by giving directions on when to leave and how to get there. This is a summary of a few of the key highlights of that episode including:
1. Why name the app Don.na?
2. The 3 trends that led to the creation of Don.na
3. An explanation of the important "to app" experience
4. Advice on focusing on the service, not the app
5. Advice on when to turn revenue on for your product.
You can watch the entire episode here: http://untether.tv/2013/episode-470-putting-context-and-donna-moss-in-your-pocket-with-donna-co-founder-kevin-cheng/
The document provides a list of 18 albums in Elvis Presley's catalog. Each album listing includes the album title, tracklisting, and notes on sound quality. The albums cover live performances from various dates, studio outtakes and alternate takes, and compilation albums of singles and EP tracks.
I personally feel .................. guilty after reading this.
I am sure each one of us have had the same "thoughts" at least once in our lives........
C'mon....... lets be frank for heaven's sake !
Well I admit it !!!!! We are all human beings....... right????
A 72-year-old man underwent EVAR for an abdominal aortic aneurysm on November 7, 2015. He developed postoperative complications including pneumonia and renal failure. A CT scan on December 5th showed a rupture above the stent graft, so he underwent a chimney stent graft procedure to repair it on December 7th. However, he then developed diarrhea and signs of bowel ischemia. Another procedure on December 14th found kinking of the chimney graft to the superior mesenteric artery. Despite a rescue procedure, the patient went into shock and died, with the cause of death determined to be bowel ischemia.
A 31-year-old male was admitted to the emergency room after being found unconscious in a dirty river. He was intubated and placed on VV-ECMO for severe ARDS. Over the following days, he developed septic shock, multiple organ failure, and worsening infection despite broad-spectrum antibiotics. His condition continued to deteriorate and he suffered cardiac arrest on November 14, 2015. The cause of death was determined to be septic shock and multiple organ failure resulting from aspiration pneumonia and infection.
Aortic dissection--Introduction to OR staffRobert Chen
Aortic dissection is a serious condition where the inner layer of the aorta tears away from the middle layer, allowing blood to flow between the layers. It can be life-threatening as it risks rupturing the aorta. Symptoms may include chest pain, tearing pain in the back or abdomen, and difficulty breathing.
Research Methdology in Cardiovascular SurgeryRobert Chen
This document outlines a proposed clinical research study using data from CVS databases. It discusses potential data sources, variables that could be analyzed, and example topics that could be studied. The study would analyze data from CVS databases to benchmark outcomes and operational risks and submit papers on findings. Variables discussed include demographic data, pre-op risk factors, procedures, complications, and outcomes. Example topics proposed for papers include comparing MICS to conventional surgery and analyzing outcomes of mechanical vs. bioprosthetic valves. The document provides details on the data collection and analysis process that would be followed.
1. The document describes the development and use of a clinical database to analyze outcomes from cardiac surgeries at Cheng-Hsin General Hospital.
2. Variables were collected from medical records and organized in the database, including demographics, diagnoses, procedure details, and postoperative outcomes.
3. Analysis of the database showed that higher EuroSCORE values, which estimate surgical risk, predicted worse outcomes such as mortality and complications. The database allowed identification of factors associated with postoperative complications.
The document describes plans to develop a cardiovascular surgery database and conduct data analysis. It discusses objectives like risk assessment, outcome prediction, and statistical analysis. It outlines the content that would be included in the database, such as demographics, medical history, procedures, and outcomes. Challenges are noted around integrating different data sources and conducting advanced exploratory analysis. The goal is to use the database for research, quality improvement, and clinical decision making.
A speech given in Yodak Hospital, the 6th International Symposium of Cardiac Thorascopic Surgery, 10/25/2014; a report of endoscopic cardiac surgery in Taiwan
Minimally invasive cardiac surgery in TaiwanRobert Chen
This document discusses minimally invasive cardiac surgery techniques, specifically videoscope-assisted cardiac surgery (VACS). It notes that VACS uses 2D imaging without tactile feedback compared to direct vision in more invasive surgeries. Issues discussed include patient positioning, cannulation methods, myocardial protection routes, the ability to perform equivalent procedures, and hemostasis challenges. The document outlines the benefits and risks of VACS and robotic-assisted surgeries for procedures like CABG, mitral valve, aortic valve, and robotic mitral valve repair. Preoperative variables that may make a patient a good candidate for minimally invasive procedures are also examined.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Somatic Cardiac Regeneration— An Explorato...Robert Chen
This document summarizes an exploratory bioinformatic analysis of the interplay between induced pluripotent stem cells and somatic cardiac regeneration. The analysis identified molecules like nucleostemin that interact with key transcription factors involved in inducing pluripotency. Pathway analysis revealed networks linking nucleostemin and these factors to processes involved in cardiovascular development and the maintenance of pluripotency. Specifically, nucleostemin was found to interact with NANOG, a critical pluripotency factor, via the molecules TP53 and FGF. These findings provide potential targets for further research on using iPS cells to enable postnatal cardiac regeneration.