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死刑犯可以捐贈器官
陳勁辰
在台灣及無器官濫用
之地區及國家
前提
• 只談現在台灣 ( 已廢除刑法 100 條 ) 等民
主法治國家
• 不談中國大陸或有良心犯 ( 法輪功 ...) 或
政治犯死刑的國家或地區
• 不談器官買賣或有任何非法交易之地區
• 器官捐贈為無償
器官移植
• 末期器官衰竭的終極治療
• 幹細胞器官再生尚在研究
• 可用器官短缺
人體器官移植條例
• 第 1 條(立法目的及法律之適用)為恢
復人體器官之功能或挽救生命,使醫師
得摘取屍體或他人之器官施行移植手術
,特制定本條例。本條例未規定者,適
用其他法律之規定。
人體器官移植條例
• 第 12 條(無償捐贈)提供移植之器官,
應以無償捐贈方式為之。
人體器官移植條例
• 第 4 條 : ( 摘取器官之時間 ) 醫師自屍體
摘取器官施行移植手術,必須在器官捐
贈者經其診治醫師判定病人死亡後為之
。
• 前項死亡以腦死判定者,應依中央衛生
主管機關規定之程序為之。
• 刑場法醫在行刑 ( 射擊頭部 ) 後,已判定
受刑人 ( 器官捐贈者 ) 死亡。
• 無腦死判定爭議
人體器官移植條例
• 第 6 條(自屍體摘取器官之規定與器官
捐贈意願之註記)醫師自屍體摘取器官
,以合於下列規定之一者為限:
• 一、經死者生前以書面或遺囑同意。
• 二、經死者最近親屬以書面同意。
• 死刑犯捐贈者受刑前,自主同意無強迫
地表達捐贈器官意願。
人體器官移植條例
• 第 7 條(自非病死或可疑為非病死之屍體
摘取器官)非病死或可疑為非病死之屍體
,非經依法相驗,認為無繼續勘驗之必要
者,不得摘取其器官。但非病死之原因,
診治醫師認定顯與摘取之器官無涉,且俟
依法相驗,將延誤摘取時機者,經檢察官
及最近親屬書面同意,得摘取之。
• 行刑後已依法相驗。
死刑犯器官捐贈
腦死判定不合理?
腦死判定不合理?
• 行刑後刑場法醫已判定死亡
• 無腦死判定問題
器官捐贈非死刑犯自
主意願?
• 死刑定讞後才得表達器官捐贈意願
• 器官捐贈和死刑存廢是獨立事件
• 任何人均可在自由意識下決定自己身體
器官在個體死亡後是否要做捐贈以做移
植造福他人
死刑犯可作器官捐贈
• 排除中國大陸或器官摘取黑幕國家地區 ,
死刑犯器官捐贈在法律良好規範 , 及制度
配套合宜的條件下是可行的 , 以解決移植
器官短缺之現況 .
中國大陸
濫用死囚器官
濫用死囚器官
• 器官仲介
• 器官買賣
• 活摘器官 ( 死刑犯 , 良心犯 )
• 不可硬套在目前台灣社會
死刑犯器捐比例
• 曾淑瑜 .2010<< 醫療倫理與法律十五講
>> p. 249
• 台灣死刑犯器捐佔 5%
• 近年來無執行槍決 死刑犯器捐為 0%
死刑犯器捐比例
• TorstenTrey, MD 文章 , << 國家掠奪器官
>>p. 26, line 12-13; p.151, line 5-7
• 中國官方報告 ,90% 以上死亡捐贈者的器
官來源自被處死的囚犯
合法屍體器官來源
• 人體器官移植條例第 6 條第 1 項規範
• 合法屍體器官來源並沒有排除”死囚”
近年情況
• 中國時報 2012 年 12 月 23 日報導
• 2011 年 3 月法務部執行死刑案
• 二位死囚簽署”器捐同意書”
• 行刑後送至醫院器捐
• 至少有十位病患受到嘉惠
法律倫理議題
• 器灣移植主要的法律倫理議題
• 在於器官來源管制 -- 活人或死人
• 涉及習俗 , 文化 , 及人權
愛心起願
• 器官捐贈協會秘書長吳英萊先生表示
• 死刑犯被槍決代表罪惡結束
• 器捐是愛心起願
• 應尊重死囚意願
良好法規制度
• 死囚器捐在健全法律規範及合宜制度之
條件下是可行的
• 以解決移植器官短缺之窘境
• 死刑犯之器捐程序比一般人繁複
黑幕
• 中國大陸濫用器官移植之黑幕是不可助
長的
• 不可濫用死囚器捐
不可混淆
• 死刑存廢
• 人權議題
• 濫用死囚器捐
• 台灣的死囚器捐
Organ donation by death prisoners

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Organ donation by death prisoners