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1 allison dutoit
This document discusses changing urban planning paradigms to focus on mobility rather than just transit. Key points include: 1. Mobility planning should consider the entire experience of moving through a city, including micro-mobility options and public spaces between transit points. 2. Pilot projects and rapid prototyping can exemplify changes to encourage more sustainable behaviors and more effectively use resources. 3. Measuring people's behaviors and outcomes related to health, happiness and safety can help create incentives for sustainable transportation choices over just measuring infrastructure usage.
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1 allison dutoit
- 1. Changing the urban designparadigm: Mobility oriented planning Allison Dutoit Head of Gehl Studio, Gehl Architects Architect; BFA, M. Arch
- 2. Think Mobility rather than transit GehlApproach Shifting the discourse in a time of scarcity 1. Exemplify change rather than lobby for it (New York City) 3. What gets measured gets done 2. Consider Behaviour 4. A smart city for people (SF)
- 3.
- 4. It’s not justabout transit…
- 5. It’s about theexperience of mobility
- 6. And everything thatcomes in between
- 7.
- 10. Mobility…. It is aboutbicycling and public space ... ... and about pedestrians and public transport
- 11. It is aboutbicycling and public transport
- 12. It’s about joined-upthinking
- 14. It´s about whatyou create around transport hubs
- 15. It´s about whatyou create around transport hubs
- 16. Joined-up thinking tomake for better quality of life…
- 17. It’s about It’s about everyone! everyone! It’sabout everyone….
- 18. Shifting the Shifting thediscourse in discourse in a a time of scarcity time of scarcity
- 19.
- 20. ….”location close totransit!” Reduction of CO2 by locating workplaces close to transit stations has 10 times more effect than insulating new buildings from the normal standard to a higher level. ”The role of the cities in the climate strategy” Byernes rolle i klimastrategien, Frederikshavn Kommune, Sønderborg Kommune, Albertslund Kommune og COWI A/S 2009
- 21. Reduction of C02by further insulation of new buildings 0,08 ton/year/workplace (From The Danish Building Code standards to the level below a zero energy house called “klasse 1”) ”The role of the cities in the climate strategy” Byernes rolle i klimastrategien, Frederikshavn Kommune, Sønderborg Kommune, Albertslund Kommune og COWI A/S 2009
- 22. Reduction of C02by building close to transit-stations =10 x larger effect 0,70 ton/year/workplace (Moving the buildings with in 7-8 minutes walking distance) ”The role of the cities in the climate strategy” Byernes rolle i klimastrategien, Frederikshavn Kommune, Sønderborg Kommune, Albertslund Kommune og COWI A/S 2009
- 23. There is nothingso useless as doing efficiently what should not be done at all – Peter Drucker
- 24.
- 25. We need bothsimultaneously Sustainability is about the viatality of the planet tomorrow: A global issue Livability is about the lifestyle of people today: A local issue
- 26. Good for You Goodfor the Planet
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- 30. But the wayPeople inhabit and use Space is universal
- 31. “Man is man’sgreatest joy” (Old Icelandic saying)
- 32. PEOPLE ARE NOTIN THE CENTER OF THE CURRENT PLANNING PROCESS All cities have - Traffic departments -- Data on traffic volumes and needs -- Prognoses for future traffic volumes Few cities have - Departments for pedestrians and public life - Statistics for the use of public spaces - Strategies for development of city life culture
- 33.
- 34. Two key indicatorsto help city leaders make wiser decisions about the city for people • We count how many are walking – Movement • We log what they are doing when they are staying in a space Stationary activities
- 35. Our work isabout the interaction between FORM (buildings and infrastructure) and LIFE
- 36. Planning for aLiveable City Not only is new quality criteria required - but also a new planning process life space buildings
- 37. 5 challenges 3. Process rather thanproduct 1. Exemplify change rather than lobby for it (New York City) 3. What gets measured gets done 2. Consider Behaviour 4. A smart city for people (SF)
- 38. 1. Exemplfy changerather than lobby for it – Urban prototyping as a way to ensure effective use of resources, time and money 2. Consider behavior - Measure systems and characteristics of things or measure people and outcomes (health, happiness, safety). Create design and policy incentives that foster sustainable behavior 4. What gets measured gets done - What is the efficiency in which mobility, accessibility to public space and the built environment delivers health and well-being in the 21st century? 5. A smart city for people - Using technology to augment everyday urban routines only increases the need for thoughtfully designed streets and public spaces
- 39. 1. Exemplify change rather thanlobby for it (New York City) Urban prototyping as a way to ensure effective use of resources, time and money
- 40. NEW YORK –WORLD CLASS STREETS
- 41.
- 42. Quantifying impressions A CITYOF SCAFFOLDING
- 43. Framing the situationpolitically Gehl Architects · Urban Quality Consultants · Gl. Kongevej 1, 4.tv · 1610 Copenhagen V · Denmark · www.gehlarchitects.dk
- 44.
- 45. Seeing places withfresh eyes
- 49. Broadway scheme Access isallowed but through traffic is prohibited And space is reclaimed as the ‘Pearls on a String’ for Broadway
- 50. Herald Square -before
- 51. Herald Square -after
- 52. Herald Square -before
- 53. Herald Square -after
- 54. DOT used in-housestaff and resources to deliver the project. Estimated cost $1.5 million
- 56. New opportunities toexperience the City Gehl Architects · Urban Quality Consultants · Gl. Kongevej 1, 4.tv · 1610 Copenhagen V · Denmark · www.gehlarchitects.dk
- 57. Invitations to soakin the atmosphere – Times Square Gehl Architects · Urban Quality Consultants · Gl. Kongevej 1, 4.tv · 1610 Copenhagen V · Denmark · www.gehlarchitects.dk
- 59. 40% decrease inpedestrian injuries in Times Square 84% more people are lingering (eg. Reading, eating) 42% of NYC residents shop in Times Square more often The percentage of area employees satisfied with the Times Square experience increased by 72% (from 43% to 74% of those surveyed) 74% of New Yorkers say Times Square has improved dramatically
- 60. 11% increase inpedestrian numbers 35% decrease in pedestrian injuries throughout project 17% improvements in travel time 63% decrease in injuries
- 61. Source: Sustainable streetsindex – 2010 NYC DOT
- 62. 1. Exemplify change rather thanlobby for it (New York City) Pilot Projects & Rapid Urban Prototyping 1. Should the temporary ever become permanent? - or should it just evolve with the fast changing cultural landscape ? 2. How do we shorten the time between design and implementation of large infrastructure projects like the CPH metro (designed in the 90’s built up through 2018)
- 63. 2. Consider Behaviour Measure systems andcharacteristics of things or measure people and outcomes (health, happiness, safety). Create design and policy incentives that foster sustainable behavior
- 64. By 2030, energyefficiency and behavior change will offset more CO2 than all the new wind, solar, and other alternative energy generation methods combined World Energy Outlook 2009 IEA/OECD
- 65. Measuring Systems andThings OR measuring People and Relations Measuring building focuses on the sustainability of building construction…. And doesn’t engage enough in capitalising on some of the human behavioral savings .
- 66. Investing in SustainableInfrastructure? Dehli Metro Rail Corporation 1/5 of Projected Use Projected 2.2 million passengers per day - Actually 450,000 Ridership Proposed Actual Regular metro riders are being subsidized $712 USD/year Average Income in India is $510 USD/year
- 67. Investing in SustainableInfrastructure? Metroselskabet 1/2 of Projected Use Flintholm hub projected at 13,270 but only 7,500 Ridership 7.3 billion write off of value of project Proposed Actual Ridership expected to fall an additional 15-23% 12 billion kr. Extension under construction
- 68. Inviting a newuser group… …locals
- 69. A place moreaccessible for all Gehl Architects · Urban Quality Consultants · Gl. Kongevej 1, 4.tv · 1610 Copenhagen V · Denmark · www.gehlarchitects.dk
- 71. Copenhagen Municipal Vision Copenhagenhas a vision We will become the world’s most liveable city: a sustainable city with urban space inviting people to a unique and varied urban life. We will become a metropolis for people.
- 72.
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- 75. The Portland Plan GehlArchitects · Urban Quality Consultants · Gl. Kongevej 1, 4.tv · 1610 Copenhagen V · Denmark · www.gehlarchitects.dk
- 76. The Portland Plan GehlArchitects · Urban Quality Consultants · Gl. Kongevej 1, 4.tv · 1610 Copenhagen V · Denmark · www.gehlarchitects.dk
- 77. The Portland Plan GehlArchitects · Urban Quality Consultants · Gl. Kongevej 1, 4.tv · 1610 Copenhagen V · Denmark · www.gehlarchitects.dk
- 78.
- 79. Copenhagen’s Bicycle Account Everysecond year from 1995 The Copenhagen Bicycle Account 2013
- 80. Why do Danescycle? Is it because of the environment? 5% state that it is because of the environment Copenhagen Bicycle Account 2010 Copenhageners cycling save over 90.000 t CO2 annually
- 81. A larger percentagebike for financial reasons …. 15% state that it is because it is cheap Copenhagen Bicycle Account 2010
- 82. Even more becausecycling is part of a healthy lifestyle ... 17% state that it is because of the exercise Copenhagen Bicycle Account 2010
- 83. But most peoplebike because it is the most convenient, fast, direct and pleasurable way to move through the city! 63% state that it is because it is convenient and fast and most direct and pleasurable? Copenhagen Bicycle Account 2010
- 84. People don’t changetheir behavior when you tell them to; Copenhagen Modal Split 63% of those who bike do so out of convenience People change when the context compels them to
- 85. Investment works København andAmsterdam: Investment per. capita approx. 180 per year, share of trips +30% Holland: Investment per. capita approx. 180 per year, share of trips around. 30% Capital Region: Investment per. capita 82 per year, share of trips 17%
- 87. 2. Consider Behaviour How can wepromote or ’nudge’ people to align their habits with the needs of the planet? •Investing in public transport is only worthwhile if it people choose to use it. •A building is only sustainable if it is part of a sustainable network •Investment in green technology is only sustainable if people behave the way we predict they will
- 88. 3. What gets measured gets done Whatis the efficiency at which mobility, accessibility to public space, and the built environment delivers health and well-being in the 21st century?
- 89. Learning from useand adapting
- 90. The Third Generationof Pilot Projects places the bicycle lane next to parked cars
- 92. Efficiently using scarce public resources 50%earned in 7 extra years of productive life 20% saved on fewer days of illness 30% on health care savings
- 95. Safety in numbers….. Asthe number of cyclists in the city increased The number of serious accidents decreased
- 96.
- 97. INCENTIVES, BARRIERS, SOCIALNORMS Refine Measure Test
- 98. 3. What gets measured gets done 1.Can we capture the social and cultural value of investments made in mobility as well as the economic and environmental ones 2. Can we create a quality criteria for mobility based on comfort, convenience, and quality of experience
- 99. 4. A smart cityfor people Using technology to augment everyday urban routines only increases the need for thoughtfully designed streets and public spaces and networks
- 103.
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- 105. VISION – ANEW SYNERGY
- 106. VISION – ANEW SYNERGY
- 107. 5 Thematic issues 1.Public Space 2. Street Life 3. Bicycle Facility 4. Public Transit 5. Private vehicle circulation
- 108.
- 109. PUBLIC SPACE City Space DistrictScale Local Node
- 110.
- 111.
- 112. THE STREETLIFE ZONECONNECTOR
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- 114.
- 115. A SERIES OFNEW EXPERIENCES
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- 117.
- 118. TRADE-OFFS A cycletrack reducesconflicts between vehicles and bicyclists but increases potential conflicts with commercial and passenger loading activity, including accessible services. A shared bicycle lane retains conflicts with vehicles and boarding activity but reduces these with pedestrians. However, vehicle conflicts would be reduced with more vehicle restrictions.
- 119.
- 120.
- 121. FINDING PERFORMANCE MEASURES TheRFP just stipulates •15% improvement in travel time •50% increase in transit capacity As success criterias this is incredibly limiting – starts with the technical problem, rather than a vision that we work toward achieving.
- 122.
- 123. PRIVATE AUTO CIRCULATIONOPTIONS
- 124.
- 125. 4. A smart cityfor people 1. How can we invite the people that work, live, and visit places like Market Street to meet, linger, collaborate and share knowledge? 2. What types of physical infrastructure, urban design and land uses will facilitate spontaneous or planned interaction? 3. How can smart city technology augment interaction, collaboration, mobility,
- 126. Think Mobility rather than transit GehlApproach Shifting the discourse in a time of scarcity 1. Exemplify change rather than lobby for it (New York City) 3. What gets measured gets done 2. Consider Behaviour 4. A smart city for people (SF)
- 127. the starting pointis people The starting point is people
- 128. the starting pointis people The starting point is people Thank you.