The cooperative sector in India plays a pivotal role in employment, poverty alleviation, and food security. It covers 100% of India's geographical area and was started 115 years ago to address agricultural debt issues. It has since expanded into many sectors. However, it faces challenges like a lack of democratic spirit, government interference, and outdated practices. It also faces opportunities through organizing new types of cooperatives, vertical and horizontal integration, and joint ventures. Cooperatives continue to be accepted due to their business model combined with social goals.