Matthew Darby from EcoChill presents to Zespri on the changes in environmental legislation and what cool store refrigeration options are available with the phase out of R22.
Coolstore refrigeration in a Post R22 WorldMatthew Darby
A guide to coolstore refrigeration options with the phaseout of R22. Changes to environmental legislation in New Zealand have meant R22 is no longer available for import. As coolstore owners develop a commercial refrigeration strategy understanding what developments are happening is essential for avoiding costly mistakes.
Explore two of the most relevant topics, given the exponentially growing demand of HVAC solutions in the region and the significant energy savings achieved with heat pump solutions, especially relevant to the thriving hotel industry of Southeast Asia.
- Gasification
- Gasifier Designs
- Syn Gas Production
- Biomass Gasification: Production of chemicals, fertilizers, hydrogen and/or liquid fuels
- Gasification: Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power production with 90% carbon capture
- Coal & Coal Biomass to Liquids (C&CBTL)(Fuels): Production of chemicals, fertilizers, hydrogen and/or liquid fuels
Coolstore refrigeration in a Post R22 WorldMatthew Darby
A guide to coolstore refrigeration options with the phaseout of R22. Changes to environmental legislation in New Zealand have meant R22 is no longer available for import. As coolstore owners develop a commercial refrigeration strategy understanding what developments are happening is essential for avoiding costly mistakes.
Explore two of the most relevant topics, given the exponentially growing demand of HVAC solutions in the region and the significant energy savings achieved with heat pump solutions, especially relevant to the thriving hotel industry of Southeast Asia.
- Gasification
- Gasifier Designs
- Syn Gas Production
- Biomass Gasification: Production of chemicals, fertilizers, hydrogen and/or liquid fuels
- Gasification: Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power production with 90% carbon capture
- Coal & Coal Biomass to Liquids (C&CBTL)(Fuels): Production of chemicals, fertilizers, hydrogen and/or liquid fuels
This session will provide a unique opportunity for participants to listen first-hand to end users' perspectives and their experiences using natural refrigerants, and learn about the technical aspects of these installations from the vendors themselves.
Presentation sustainable design for high strength wastewaters Seamus Crickley
This presentation is aimed at high-strength wastewaters which is herein defined as organic in nature, requiring carbon and nutrient removal to a designated level of quality.
The wastewaters result from raw product/final product/co-product carryover in washwater from production systems. Prime sources are food processing, brewing and distilling, soft drinks, agricultural slurries and run-offs, digestion sideflows, landfill leachates pharma-biopharma wastewaters may now be included in this category.
Points of relevance in assessing high-strength wastewaters:
• Concentrations in a volume may relate to organic carbon, nutrients or both.
• The process evaluation should be biased by relative biodegradability, biochemistry and, where relevant, by Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP).
• Typical high-strength wastewaters may vary from 1,000mg/l COD up to 100,000mg/l COD and the nutrient ratios and treatability require inclusion.
• Readily biodegradable COD as an indicator of reaction rate and enzyme/co-enzyme activity.
• Trend curves relating to inhouse production to emission over the periods and phases of production are an advantage.
• Proper pre-conditioning is necessary for all relative assessments.
• Sustainability analysis may be carried on existing plants after a detailed site/process survey including an energy audit.
• Alternative designs should be considered using comparative carbonation (CF Diligence) analysis to identify the optimum solution.
15th Annual Ports-to-Plains Alliance Conference
Medicine Hat, AB
October 2-4, 2012
Thursday, October 4, 2012
Imaginative Enterprise-Business-from Ports-to-Plains
What are the innovative companies who are making a positive impact on our region and the world? Hear from some of the cutting edge entrepreneurs who are creating jobs in innovative ways.
In this on-stage panel discussion, leading end users will share their experiences using different types of natural refrigerant technologies, including benefits, challenges and future plans.
Discover how Daikin supports your Green Building projects!
Explore our solutions for BREEAM and LEED, the success of your project is only here to come!
In this on-stage panel discussion, leading end users will share their experiences using different types of natural refrigerant technologies, including benefits, challenges and future plans.
This session will provide a unique opportunity for participants to listen first-hand to end users' perspectives and their experiences using natural refrigerants, and learn about the technical aspects of these installations from the vendors themselves.
Anca Timofte, Team Leader Process Engineering, Climeworks.
Iceland Geothermal Conference 2018 - Breaking the Barriers
24 - 27 April, 2018, Harpa, Reykjavík
We can look at a few areas like a quick look at the major channels and their strengths and weaknesses, a higher level approach to social media (branding, not selling), how to separate content for your disparate targets (students, growers, industry people), and look at some case studies on different approaches.
- Overview of active user numbers on the platforms in NZ
- Case studies showing the different scales of using Facebook
- How to approach social media
- Why brand is key on social media
- Case studies (All Good Bananas, California Avocado Commission, a Tasmanian vineyard)
- Discussion on why strategy is important
- Discuss Zespri
- Broader Q&A
This session will provide a unique opportunity for participants to listen first-hand to end users' perspectives and their experiences using natural refrigerants, and learn about the technical aspects of these installations from the vendors themselves.
Presentation sustainable design for high strength wastewaters Seamus Crickley
This presentation is aimed at high-strength wastewaters which is herein defined as organic in nature, requiring carbon and nutrient removal to a designated level of quality.
The wastewaters result from raw product/final product/co-product carryover in washwater from production systems. Prime sources are food processing, brewing and distilling, soft drinks, agricultural slurries and run-offs, digestion sideflows, landfill leachates pharma-biopharma wastewaters may now be included in this category.
Points of relevance in assessing high-strength wastewaters:
• Concentrations in a volume may relate to organic carbon, nutrients or both.
• The process evaluation should be biased by relative biodegradability, biochemistry and, where relevant, by Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP).
• Typical high-strength wastewaters may vary from 1,000mg/l COD up to 100,000mg/l COD and the nutrient ratios and treatability require inclusion.
• Readily biodegradable COD as an indicator of reaction rate and enzyme/co-enzyme activity.
• Trend curves relating to inhouse production to emission over the periods and phases of production are an advantage.
• Proper pre-conditioning is necessary for all relative assessments.
• Sustainability analysis may be carried on existing plants after a detailed site/process survey including an energy audit.
• Alternative designs should be considered using comparative carbonation (CF Diligence) analysis to identify the optimum solution.
15th Annual Ports-to-Plains Alliance Conference
Medicine Hat, AB
October 2-4, 2012
Thursday, October 4, 2012
Imaginative Enterprise-Business-from Ports-to-Plains
What are the innovative companies who are making a positive impact on our region and the world? Hear from some of the cutting edge entrepreneurs who are creating jobs in innovative ways.
In this on-stage panel discussion, leading end users will share their experiences using different types of natural refrigerant technologies, including benefits, challenges and future plans.
Discover how Daikin supports your Green Building projects!
Explore our solutions for BREEAM and LEED, the success of your project is only here to come!
In this on-stage panel discussion, leading end users will share their experiences using different types of natural refrigerant technologies, including benefits, challenges and future plans.
This session will provide a unique opportunity for participants to listen first-hand to end users' perspectives and their experiences using natural refrigerants, and learn about the technical aspects of these installations from the vendors themselves.
Anca Timofte, Team Leader Process Engineering, Climeworks.
Iceland Geothermal Conference 2018 - Breaking the Barriers
24 - 27 April, 2018, Harpa, Reykjavík
We can look at a few areas like a quick look at the major channels and their strengths and weaknesses, a higher level approach to social media (branding, not selling), how to separate content for your disparate targets (students, growers, industry people), and look at some case studies on different approaches.
- Overview of active user numbers on the platforms in NZ
- Case studies showing the different scales of using Facebook
- How to approach social media
- Why brand is key on social media
- Case studies (All Good Bananas, California Avocado Commission, a Tasmanian vineyard)
- Discussion on why strategy is important
- Discuss Zespri
- Broader Q&A
What's the ROI of a Piano? What's the ROI of a YouTube channel? What's the ROI of anything!? After you read this deck you'll be able to answer all these questions easily.
A Complete Guide To The Best Times To Post On Social Media (And More!)TrackMaven
Do you know the most effective times to post on social media, send an email, or publish a blog? We've broken down the data behind the most effective times to post content on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Content Marketing, and Email.
“If you were to give a one-sentence tip to a small business owner just started out with social media, what would you say?”
That’s the question we’ve been asking a lot over the last few weeks.
We’ve asked: business owners, marketers, social media experts, bloggers, entrepreneurs, best-selling authors, and a ton of other people who have achieved success on social media.
Most stuck to one sentence. Some cheated a little.
But all provided helpful tips that any business can use when getting started.
Now, it’s your turn! “If you were to give a one-sentence tip to a small business owner just started out with social media, what would you say?” Let us know on our blog: http://ow.ly/A1gr1
6 Questions to Lead You to a Social Media StrategyMark Schaefer
It can be intimidating and overwhelming to try to develop a social media strategy, but if you follow through on these six questions, your strategy will reveal itself.
How to Create the Perfect Social-Media PostGuy Kawasaki
These are the slides that Guy Kawasaki and Peg Fitzpatrick used for a webinar hosted by Mari Smith. The purpose of the webinar was to help people create "the perfect posts" for social media. The presentation uses a classic top-ten format.
Go Viral on the Social Web: The Definitive How-To guide!XPLAIN
Creating a Viral Content success story has no recipe. It has a lot of variables, not all of which can be controlled by a Brand. However, this deck offers you the ideal How-To approach in creating tasteful, inspired Content that will help your message stand out from the information noise on Social Web and make people eager to share it around.
Emerson climate technologies 2010 - Refrigerant choices for commercial refrig...Jesús Catalán Gil
Emerson Climate Technologies is committed to supporting solutions that safeguard food and protect
the environment. Minimising the impact of climate change through responsible energy use and reducing
carbon footprint are key environmental objectives.
This study is designed to help our customers meet these objectives by providing guidance to the complex
decision-making process when specifying supermarket cabinet cooling systems, both for new build and
major refurbishment projects. It focuses on the refrigerant but takes into account the refrigeration system
architecture and technology which have an impact on energy consumption, environment and investment
costs. Supermarkets were chosen in this study as they offer the greatest potential to integrate the latest
refrigeration design principles in order to improve environmental performance.
Fourteen combinations of system technologies and refrigerants are investigated and referred to as “cases”.
The study sets out the refrigerant, compressor technology, and system type for each case, together with
alternatives and the operating conditions associated with them.
We have started from a baseline with a reference supermarket containing a sales area of 1000-1200m2,
typical of the store formats found throughout Europe. This Case 1 supermarket establishes the base with
which different refrigerant / technology combinations are compared.
The study includes five refrigerant / technology combinations for supermarket refrigeration systems -
centralised Direct Expansion (DX), distributed Direct Expansion, cascade system, secondary system, and
R744 booster transcritical system.
Sample of literature available from Daikin at http://www.daikin.co.uk/contacts-and-downloads/literature/air-conditioning-brochures/Split-sky-air/index.jsp
Closing the Carbon Cycle for Sustainability - Peter Eisenberger (October 15, ...Graciela Chichilnisky
Closing the Carbon Cycle for Sustainability - A Key Strategy for Environmental Protection, Energy Security, and Economic Development - Peter Eisenberger (October 15, 2012 @ Oxford University)
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
2. Coolstore Refrigeration In A Post R22World
Forces affecting choices
Retain, Retrofit or
Replace?
Refrigerant Characteristics
Refrigeration systems
Case Study
Making a Decision
Disposing of R22
www.ecochill.kiwi
Matthew Darby
3. R22 phase out and regulatory pressures are creating
change in the refrigeration industry…
EcoChill 3
1987
Montreal
Protocol
established
1996
NZ implements
Ozone Layer
Protection Act &
Regulations
2010
New HCFC
Imports reduced
on yearly basis
by 63%
2015
NO new
HCFC’s
imported: R22
Montreal Protocol -
impact on synthetic
refrigerants.
NOT A USE
BAN
4. …while market demands are driving system
selection…
EcoChill 4
Refrigeration
System
SelectionBusiness
Performance Government
Consumer
5. Deciding how to manage refrigeration can seem
complicated; but when it comes down to it there are
3 real options…
EcoChill 5
Retain
Keep R22 system
Retrofit
Keep plant and replace with a
synthetic refrigerant
Replace
Build new plant with synthetic
or natural refrigerant
Capital
Cost
Low
Strategy
Low
Capital
Cost
Med
Strategy
Med -
High
Capital
Cost
High
Strategy
High
6. Retrofit or Replace: Changing Refrigerants
Synthetic
CFC’s
(Phased
Out)
HCFC
(Phasing
Out)
HFC’s
HFO’s
Natural
Ammonia
CO2
HC
Water
Air
Alternative
Electro-
calroic
Magnetic
Sonic
Hydraulic
Optical
Cooling
Acoustic
EcoChill 6
Secondary Systems
Commercially
viable
7. Safety
Performance
Economics
Environment
Retrofit or Replace: Choosing a Refrigerant
EcoChill 7
REFRIGERANT SELECTION
Toxicity,
Flammability
Working
Pressures
Physical
Properties
Energy
Technology
Changes
Energy
Efficiency
Ozone
(ODP)
Climate
(GWP/TEWI)
8. Retrofit or Replace Refrigerant: Synthetics
Ref. Safety Performance Economics*
Environment
GWP (100Y)
404A $17 kg 3922
438A $52 kg 2264
407F $23 kg 1824
134A $15 kg 1430
EcoChill 8
*R22 currently $32 kg -
predictions $50 post
December 2014.
Legend
0 = Poor
1 = OK
2= Good
3 = Excellent
9. Globally synthetic F-Gas
refrigerants are facing
ongoing regulation and
phase out…
EcoChill 9
The Move Away from HFC’s
1987
Montreal
Protocol
CFCs banned.
2005
Kyoto Protocol
Green house Gas Emissions
regulated.
HCFCs banned.
2014
North American
Amendment to
Montreal Protocol
HFCs phase out starts.
2015
EU F- Gas
Regulations
HFCs phase
out starts.
UN FCCC
France 2015
Global
commitment to
do more to
control SGG’s &
scale up
activity
10. Replace Refrigerants: Naturals
Ref. Safety Performance Economics*
Environment
GWP (100Y)
EcoChill10
$6.50 kg 1
3
0
$ 82 kg
$14 kg
CO2
(R744)
Ammonia
(R717)
HC /mix
(e.g.
R290)
*R22 currently $32 kg -
predictions $50 post
December 2014.
Legend
0 = Poor
1 = OK
2= Good
3 = Excellent
11. Replace Refigerant: Alternatives
Safety
Low toxicity (?),
flammable
Performance
No known cool
store sites within
NZ
Economics
Not currently
available
Enviro.
(GWP 100Y)
4
EcoChill11
“No known
coolstore
installs.”
HFO 1234yf
12. Replace Systems: CO2 for Kiwifruit Coolstores
Advantages
• Use single refrigerant.
• Increased energy efficiency.
• Low cost of CO2.
• High humidity.
• Safe refrigerant.
• Environmentally good choice.
Disadvantages
• Not widely used.
• Limited knowledge/ skill.
• Capital and servicing costs
(though gap closing).
EcoChill12
“Becoming more viable:
situation specific.”
13. Replace Refrigeration Systems: Secondary
EcoChill Diagram courtesy of water-food.com 13
• Reduce amount of primary stage refrigerant.
• Reduce leakage rate of primary stage refrigerant.
• Reduced primary system size.
• Easier maintenance.
Why?
• Smaller primary circuit
compared to DX.
• Uses a secondary fluid as
main cooling medium.
What?
Heat Exchanger
CompressorCondenser
Expansion
Valve
Receiver
Pump
Header
Tank
Rooms
Chiller Unit
14. Replace: Advancements in Secondary Systems
• Reduced refrigerant charge
• Increased energy efficiency
• Increased system reliability
• Reduced operating costs
• Reduced stored product risk
• Guaranteed system safety and
compliance
Standard Secondary EcoChill
ExpansionValves Likely Mechanical Electronic
Capacity Control Likely Unloaders VSD
Primary Circuit Size Likely Standard
Optimised for Critical
Charge
Primary Refrigerant
Quantity
Likely Standard Minimised through design
EcoChill 14
17. Problem
• Old R22 systems
• Reduce running costs
• Looking for added value
EcoChill17
Solution
• Reengineered precooling
• Refurbished R22 coolstores
to optimal conditions
• Built new coolstore same
footprint as R22
• EcoChill Kiwi using HC/
Glycol Advanced System
design.
Kerifresh images courtesy Kerifresh.co.nz
18. EcoChill18
Store capacity
(Pallets)
Cost to Cool
(Per Pallet/
Day
%
improvement
R22 840 $0.34 Baseline
EcoChill 864 $0.25 36%
“36% saving on
energy costs while
cooling more pallets”
20. EcoChill20
19%
-34%
5%
-5%
R290 R404A / R507 R134A R407f
Overall System Performance
R22
“TEWI:
EcoChill
19% better
off than an
R22 system
”
Total Equivalent Warming Impact
versus R22
27. R22 – Ask How It’s Disposed.
• Response to public and legislative
concern - refrigerant industry set up
the Refrigerant RecoveryTrust.
• Not for profit that collects a levy on
SGG’s purchases - pays for disposal/
ensures not released into the
atmosphere.
• Illegal to knowingly release R22 into
the environment when servicing,
maintaining or disposing of
refrigeration & AC plant and
equipment.
• Fines of up to $100,000.
• More information on obligations:
www.epa.govt.nz
EcoChill 27
www.RefrigerantRecovery.co.nz
Business: Profit/ Growth Targets, Reducing Operating Costs & Production Savings, Product development and lifecycle, Social Responsibility
Performance: Site Conditions, Operating Criteria, Usability, Support
Government: Legislation in Food Safety, Environmental: Montreal, Greenhouse Gas, Health & Safety
Consumer: Product Demands Quality, Value, the “Green” $
Option 1: Retain existing systems
Reason for doing: End of life equipment with replacement strategy, capital or timing issues.
Risks:
1. No new R22 available within NZ - some may be stockpiled / recycled. Currently $39 kg predictions $50 Dec.
2.Virgin R22 cannot be brought in; recycled can from qualifying countries though an approved process (under review).
3.Lack of availability may impact length of time to fix systems.
4. Old technology; not capitalising on business advantages.
5. Poor economic returns.
Technical strategy:
1. CONTAINMENT: Leak detection /preventative maintenance critical
2. Needs strong refrigeration partner support program
3. Ask refrigeration partner about recycled R22 availability and how they will be able to support / delivery timeframes
Option 2: Modify systems – replace R22 in existing systems with alternative refrigerants
Reason for doing: Serviceable equipment with long life expectancy, difficult site/significant build work needed to change to a new system, gain immediate cost savings/ ROI opportunities.
Risks:
1. Some plants unable to be modified.
2. Cannot solve existing issues / extend plant life if at end of cycle.
3. Future proofing as better alternatives become available.
4. Choice of refrigerant:
- Efficiencies & capacity may not be the same as existing
- Changes to operating costs
- Implementation issues e.g. leakages /breakdowns (drop in)
- Synthetic refrigerants target for future regulation (GWP)
Technical strategy:
1. Term “Drop in” misleading – systems often require recalibration /component changes
2. Resolve existing issues prior to carrying out work.
3. Save money – do at same time as other work e.g. leak/ component replacement
4. If you have multiple systems of the same type these can provide a “testing ground” to watch performance as well as provide a source of recycled R22
Option 3: Replace systems –with synthetic or natural refrigerant
Reason for doing: Gain immediate cost savings/ ROI opportunities, business efficiencies, operational & product advantages . End of life equipment/ age & life expectancy, maintenance and repair costs. Meet current & future regulatory and environmental requirements.
Risks:
1. Choice of system and future proofing.
2. Choice of provider; provider knowledge and management of implementation.
3. For synthetic refrigerants: target for future regulation (GWP)
Technical strategy:
1. Assess providers and look for an expert with specialised knowledge (CCCA members)
2. Evaluate refrigerant options available
3. Understand ROI, costs and benefits
Synthetics:
Introduced as safe/efficient – now several being phased out through legislation
HFC’s most commonly used
HFOs relatively new and number of challenges
Naturals:
Fell out of favour with intro of synthetics
New technology makes more energy efficient/ safer (ammonia & HCs)
Requires right skills
Blends
Synthetic / natural mixes been used as CFC/ HCFC replacements.
Interim solution as fall under SGG legislation
Question of impact of cross contamination & impact on operational life and efficiencies.
Alternatives:
Not commercially viable in the main
CFO, Electocaloric and magnetic furthest ahead & for coolstores magnetic solution 7-10 years away.
Historically cost, safety & performance have driven selection.
Environmental issues have now become a major criteria as refrigerants become increasing regulated and government controls been put in place.
As limited options available critical to make the right choice
404 A - With work able to replicate existing performance. Replace expansion valves / metering devices / system seals /system drier and oil .
438A - Operates at similar pressure and temperature. Requires system seals/ drier to be replaced. Reportedly does not require oil change – our experience differs from this
407F - Requires system seals /system drier replaced and oil changes. Gas has “temperature glide” so may require expansion valve changes if original valves marginal. Higher discharge temperature may affect condensers.
SAFETY: High level of industry knowledge of install and management
Non flammable and high safety ratings – still require proper safety and licensed handling
CO2 Notes:
Safety Lower toxicity, non-flammable , high pressures .
Performance:Climate dependent – work well in NZ with excellent efficiency. Discharge pressure high, critical temp low.
HC: Safety Lower toxicity, higher flammability – requires specialist design and management.
Performance: Pressure/ capacity similar to R22. Temp behavior . Non corrosive. Compatible mineral oils. Proven.
Amm:
Safety: Higher toxicity, lower flammability – requires specialist design and management.
Perf: High efficiency & low power. High discharge temp. Small plants not suitable lubricants. Corrosive on copper.
Overview Notes
Increasing evidence suggests most economic solution given regulatory issues - higher capital costs up front as require new build.
Can provide energy efficiency gains & heat recovery benefits
Often require specialist skill set and advice to manage
Rapidly changing industry advances - lot of misinformation exists
For cool stores HFO’s closest commercially viable option though no cool stores in NZ have been converted to/ running on
Supermarket chain in Australia currently trialling
Debate surrounding toxicity, performance and GWP ratings – though significantly less than SGG’s.
Some good progress being made in magnetic refrigeration in retail cabinets . Completely revolutionary refrigeration system that does not require refrigerant. Watching for further developments
Instead of direct expansion refrigeration system uses 1 refrigerant; secondary systems that reduce the amount of refrigerant.
All fruit at a uniform temperature
High humidity
No air temperature variations
Cost Savings as - Low maintenance inside room
Energy efficient both during pull down and while holding
The right partner will be working with you to improve efficiencies, ROI & environmental impacts, updating you with regulatory changes & system performance opportunities, reporting on system metrics and benchmarking against optimum levels.