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2. GRADUATE SCHOOL
Renlie Jane P. Pedronan
Master of Arts in Education - Major in Physics

3. Objectives:
1. Define consumer electronics and identify
various types of consumer electronic devices.
2. Explain the significance of consumer
electronics in everyday life.
3. Explain how consumer electronic devices
operate and interact with users.

4. Consumer Electronics
• Also known as home electronics
• These are electronic (analog or digital) equipment
intended for everyday use.
• Consumer electronics (CE) refers to any electronic
devices designed to be purchased and used by end
users or consumers for daily and non-
commercial/professional purposes.

5. GRADUATE SCHOOL
Calculator

6. Mechanical Calculator
• Made from gears and
levers
• Used from the late 19th
century to the late 20th
century

7. Electronic Calculator
•An electronic calculator is
typically a
portable electronic device used
to perform calculations, ranging
from basic arithmetic to
complex mathematics.

8. How does a
calculator
works?

10. GRADUATE SCHOOL
Scanner

11. Scanner
• A scanner is a device that
captures images from
photographic prints, posters,
magazine pages and similar
sources for computer editing
and display.

13. GRADUATE SCHOOL
Printer

14. What is a printer?
• It is an output device that produces text and graphics
on paper.
• It is usually connected to a computer, allowing you to
use your word processor, spreadsheets, and other
programs to create documents and images that are
printed out on the printer.

15. How does a printer works?
• A printer works by sending electronic signals from the
computer to the printer's control board. The control
board then interprets these signals into instructions for
the print head or toner cartridge. The print head or
toner cartridge prints the document or image onto
paper.

16. How do an inkjet printer works?

17. The inkjet printing process
1. An ink cartridge or tank supplies the printhead with the
necessary inks
2. The printhead starts to move across the page at high
speeds
3. Thousands of tiny ink drops are sprayed onto the page
at high speeds in a horizontal motion
4. The page moves through the printer under the moving
printhead to create the print
5. The final print is ejected into the output tray.

18. How does a laser printer works?

19. The laser printing process
1. The printer’s laser projects your print onto a drum.
2. A drum then uses static electricity to attract the dry
toner to the drum’s cylinder.
3. The drum then rolls the toner onto the paper to create
your print.
4. The toner powder is melted and pressed onto the paper
with heat from the fuser as it goes through a set of
rollers.
5. Your print comes out of the printer.

20. GRADUATE SCHOOL
Computer

21. What is a computer?
• A computer is an electronic machine that processes
information—in other words, an information processor
• It takes in raw information (or data) at one end, stores it
until it's ready to work on it, chews and crunches it for a bit,
then spits out the results at the other end.
• Taking in information is called input, storing information is
better known as memory (or storage), chewing information
is also known as processing, and spitting out results is
called output.

23. Binary – The Language of Computers
 Binary is the simplest yet profound language at the core
of how any PC works.
 A computer works by representing data with just two states:
1 and 0.
 These binary digits, or ‘bits’, are the function of digital logic,
aligning perfectly with the on and off states of electronic
circuits.

24. How does a computer works?
A computer works by transforming the simple language
of binary codes into the complex, multifaceted digital
operations we rely on daily.

25. How does a computer works?
Comprising millions of tiny transistors, the CPU is a marvel of
modern engineering. These transitions act as microscopic
switches, rapidly flipping between the on and off states,
representing the binary language of ones and zeros.
This rapid flipping allows the CPU to perform its many
calculations and process instructions at incredible speeds, often
measured in gigahertz (GHz).
Every application, from simple note-taking to complex video
editing, relies on the CPU’s power to process its instructions
efficiently.

27. GRADUATE SCHOOL
Projector

28. What is a projector?
 is an optical device that projects an image (or moving
images) onto a surface, commonly a projection screen.
 Most projectors create an image by shining a light
through a small transparent lens, but some newer types
of projectors can project the image directly, by
using lasers.

30. GRADUATE SCHOOL

31. GRADUATE SCHOOL
Washing
Machine

32. How does a washing machine works?
1.Control Panel and User Interface
 The control panel allows users to select various wash cycles,
temperatures, and other settings.
 It consists of buttons, knobs, and sometimes a digital display.
 The user interface sends signals to the washing machine's
electronic control board.

33. How does a washing machine works?
2.Electronic Control Board
 This is the brain of the washing machine.
 It receives signals from the control panel and processes
them to control the operation of various components.
 It also monitors sensors and safety features.
 Modern washing machines often use microcontrollers or
microprocessors for this purpose.

34. How does a washing machine works?
3.Water Inlet Valve
 When the wash cycle begins, the control board sends a
signal to the water inlet valve to open.
 This valve is electronically controlled and allows hot and cold
water to enter the machine, depending on the selected
temperature.

35. How does a washing machine works?
4.Water Level Sensor
 The water level sensor detects the water level inside the
washing machine.
 It sends signals to the control board, which stops the water
inlet valve when the desired level is reached.

36. How does a washing machine works?
5.Motor
 The motor is responsible for driving the drum and agitator.
 It's controlled by the electronic control board, which
determines the speed and direction of rotation based on the
selected wash cycle.

37. How does a washing machine works?
6.Drum and Agitator
 The drum holds the clothes and rotates to wash them.
 Some washing machines also have an agitator, a paddle-like
mechanism that moves back and forth to create a washing
action.

38. How does a washing machine works?
7.Temperature Control
 The washing machine can adjust water temperature based
on the user's settings.
 This is achieved by mixing hot and cold water using
electronically controlled valves.

39. How does a washing machine works?
8.Detergent Dispenser
 Many washing machines have a detergent dispenser that
releases detergent at the appropriate time during the wash
cycle.
 Some advanced models even have compartments for fabric
softener and bleach.

40. How does a washing machine works?
9.Spin Cycle
 During the spin cycle, the drum spins at high speeds to
remove excess water from the clothes.
 The motor's speed is adjusted by the control board to
achieve the desired spin speed.

41. How does a washing machine works?
10.Safety Features
 Modern washing machines are equipped with various safety
features, such as door locks and imbalance sensors.
 These features are monitored electronically to ensure safe
operation.

43. GRADUATE SCHOOL

44. GRADUATE SCHOOL
ATM

45. What is an ATM?
 An automated teller machine (ATM) is an electronic
banking outlet that allows customers to complete
basic transactions without the aid of a branch
representative or teller.

46. Electronics behind ATM
Card Reader:
 When a user inserts their ATM card, the card reader
reads the information stored on the magnetic stripe or
chip.
 The card reader contains magnetic heads or chip
readers, which are controlled by integrated circuits
(ICs).
 ICs process the card data and communicate it to the
ATM's central processing unit (CPU).

47. Electronics behind ATM
Keypad:
 The keypad allows users to enter their Personal
Identification Number (PIN) to authenticate
themselves.
 The keypad contains individual keys, each connected
to a circuit that detects key presses.
 Integrated circuits process the key presses and send
the information to the CPU for verification.

48. How does an ATM works?
Display Screen:
 The display screen provides visual feedback to users,
guiding them through the transaction process.
 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) or LED screens are
commonly used.
 Integrated circuits control the display, generating text
and graphics based on the ATM's software.

49. How does an ATM works?
Cash Dispenser:
 The cash dispenser holds and dispenses banknotes.
 It contains motors, sensors, and a mechanism for
handling and dispensing cash.
 Integrated circuits control the operation of the cash
dispenser, including the counting and dispensing of
banknotes.

50. How does an ATM works?
Secure Communication:
 ATMs communicate with the bank's central server over
a secure network.
 Encrypted communication protocols ensure the security
of data transmission.
 Integrated circuits manage the network communication
and encryption processes.

51. How does an ATM works?
Central Processing Unit (CPU):
 The CPU is the "brain" of the ATM, coordinating all
functions and processes.
 It contains one or more microprocessors or
microcontrollers.
 The CPU executes the ATM's software, handling user
interactions, transaction processing, and communication
with the bank's server.

52. How does an ATM works?
Memory:
 Memory chips store the ATM's operating system,
application software, and transaction data.
 Random Access Memory (RAM) is used for temporary
storage, while Read-Only Memory (ROM) stores
permanent software and firmware.
 Integrated circuits manage data storage and retrieval
processes.

53. How does an ATM works?
Security Features:
 ATMs incorporate various security features, such as
cameras, motion sensors, and skimming detection
systems.
 Integrated circuits control these security features,
monitoring the ATM's environment and detecting
suspicious activity.

54. How does an ATM works?
Power Supply:
 ATMs require a stable power supply to operate.
 Power supplies contain voltage regulators and
protection circuits.
 Integrated circuits manage power distribution and
ensure the ATM operates within safe voltage levels.
.

56. GRADUATE SCHOOL
Barcode
Scanner

57. What is a barcode scanner?
 A barcode reader, also called a price scanner or point-
of-sale (PoS) scanner, is a hand-held or stationary
input device used to capture and read information
contained in a barcode.
 A barcode reader comprises a scanner, a decoder
(either built-in or external), and a cable used to
connect the reader with the computer or POS system.

58. How do barcode readers work?
 Barcode scanners can be connected to a computer through
a serial port, keyboard port or interface device called a
wedge. A barcode reader works by directing a beam of
light across the barcode and measuring the amount and
pattern of the light that is reflected.
 The scanner converts the light energy into electrical
energy, which is then converted into data by the decoder
and forwarded to a computer.

59. Electronics behind Barcode Scanner
Light Source:
 Most barcode scanners use a light source, typically a
laser diode or an LED, to illuminate the barcode.
 Integrated circuits control the activation and intensity of
the light source.

60. Electronics behind Barcode Scanner
Optics:
 A lens or a set of mirrors focuses the light onto the
barcode.
 Integrated circuits may control the movement of mirrors
(in scanners with laser beams) or the focusing of lenses
to ensure accurate scanning.

61. Electronics behind Barcode Scanner
Sensor:
 A photodetector or a Charge-Coupled Device (CCD)
captures the reflected light from the barcode.
 Integrated circuits process the signals received from the
sensor.

62. Electronics behind Barcode Scanner
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC):
 The analog signals from the sensor are converted into
digital signals.
 Integrated circuits contain ADCs that perform this
conversion.

63. Electronics behind Barcode Scanner
Signal Processing:
 Integrated circuits process the digital signals from the
sensor to extract the barcode pattern.
 This involves detecting the transitions between dark and
light bars, analyzing the widths of the bars and spaces,
and decoding the information encoded in the barcode.

64. Electronics behind Barcode Scanner
Decoding Circuitry:
 Decoding integrated circuits analyze the barcode pattern
to determine the encoded information.
 They use algorithms to interpret the widths and spacing
of the bars and translate them into alphanumeric
characters.

65. Electronics behind Barcode Scanner
Interface Circuitry:
 Integrated circuits manage the communication between
the barcode scanner and the connected device (such as a
computer or a point-of-sale terminal).
 This involves converting the decoded barcode data into a
format that can be transmitted over a communication
interface (such as USB, RS-232, or Bluetooth).

66. Electronics behind Barcode Scanner
Power Management:
 Integrated circuits control power distribution within the
barcode scanner.
 They may regulate the power supplied to the light
source, sensor, and other components to optimize
energy efficiency and prevent overheating.

67. Electronics behind Barcode Scanner
Trigger Mechanism:
 In handheld barcode scanners, a trigger mechanism
activates the scanning process.
 Integrated circuits detect the trigger input and initiate
the scanning sequence.

68. Electronics behind Barcode Scanner
Feedback Mechanism:
 Some barcode scanners provide feedback to the user, such
as a beep or a visual indicator, to indicate a successful scan.
 Integrated circuits manage these feedback mechanisms.

70. GRADUATE SCHOOL
Personal
Digital
Assistant

71. What is a PDA?
 Personal digital assistant is a term for a small, mobile,
handheld device that provides computing and
information storage and retrieval capabilities for
personal or business use, often for keeping
schedules, calendars and address book information
handy.x

72. Electronics behind a PDA
Processor:
 PDAs are typically equipped with a low-power
processor, often based on the ARM architecture.
 The processor handles tasks such as running the
operating system, managing applications, and
processing user inputs.
 Integrated circuits control the processor's functions
and manage power consumption.

73. Electronics behind a PDA
Memory:
 PDAs have both volatile and non-volatile memory.
 Volatile memory (RAM) is used for running
applications and storing temporary data.
 Non-volatile memory (Flash memory) is used for
storing the operating system, applications, and
user data.
 Integrated circuits manage memory access and data
storage.

74. Electronics behind a PDA
Operating System:
 PDAs typically run a lightweight operating system
designed for mobile devices.
 Integrated circuits handle the boot process and
manage interactions between the operating system
and hardware components.

75. Operating systems of PDA
 Palm OS
 Microsoft Windows Mobile (Pocket PC) with a Windows CE
kernel
 EPOC, then Symbian OS (in mobile phone + PDA combos)
 Linux (e.g. VR3, iPAQ, Sharp Zaurus PDA, Opie, GPE,
Familiar Linu etc.)
 Newton
 QNX

76. Electronics behind a PDA
Display Screen:
 PDAs feature a small LCD screen, usually with a
resolution of around 320x240 pixels.
 The screen displays information such as text,
images, and user interface elements.
 Integrated circuits control the display, generating the
graphics and managing touch input if the device has
a touchscreen.

77. Electronics behind a PDA
Input Devices:
 PDAs use various input methods, including physical
buttons, stylus input, and later models had
touchscreens.
 Integrated circuits process inputs from buttons and
touchscreens, translating them into commands for
the operating system and applications.

78. Electronics behind a PDA
Wireless Connectivity (optional):
 Some PDAs feature wireless connectivity, typically
via Infrared (IrDA) or Bluetooth.
 Integrated circuits handle wireless communication
protocols, enabling data exchange with other
devices.

79. Electronics behind a PDA
Expansion Slots:
 PDAs often have expansion slots for memory cards
or peripherals.
 Integrated circuits control the interfaces for these
expansion slots, allowing users to expand the
device's storage or add functionality.

80. Electronics behind a PDA
Battery Management:
 PDAs are powered by rechargeable batteries.
 Integrated circuits manage battery charging, power
consumption, and low-power states (such as sleep
mode) to maximize battery life.

81. Electronics behind a PDA
Data Synchronization:
 PDAs can synchronize data with a desktop
computer using a docking station or a
synchronization cable.
 Integrated circuits manage data transfer between
the PDA and the computer.

82. Thank you for listening!

83. GRADUATE SCHOOL Doctor of Education (Educational Management)
 https://www.statista.com/markets/418/topic/485/consumer-electronics/
 https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/scanner
 https://www.printerbase.co.uk/news/how-does-a-printer-work/
 https://www.explainthatstuff.com/howcomputerswork.html
 https://www.scienceabc.com/innovation/how-does-a-projector-work.html
 https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/atm.asp
 https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/atm.asp
 https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/barcode-reader-POS-
scanner-bar-code-reader-price-scanner
References:

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