The Buyer decision process is the decision-making process used by consumers regarding market transactions before, during, and after the purchase of a good or service.
Presentation on Consumer Buying Behavior for a Smart Phone: A study on young...Sushanka Malakar
This is a research report on Consumer Buying Behavior for a Smart Phone:
A study on young generation in Kolkata
I am bba final year student and this is my final year project
I hope it can help you all
Thank you...
A Study on Consumer Behaviour Among Retail Outlets in Chennaiijtsrd
In this research paper researchers basically focused on behaviour of consumer mainly on purchasing pattern, frequency, price, period of purchase and various factors deciding the purchase. Researchers observed that the customers prefer retail outlets because of price discount, followed by colour, quality and fitting. Researchers have also observed that generally the customer purchase the product during festive season followed by off season. It was found that there is a significant difference between the expectations of coupons for purchasing readymade garments and income level of consumers. Mrs. A Nishath Sultana | Saabhreen Nisha "A Study on Consumer Behaviour Among Retail Outlets in Chennai" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33621.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/consumer-behaviour/33621/a-study-on-consumer-behaviour-among-retail-outlets-in-chennai/mrs-a-nishath-sultana
Factors affecting customers’ buying decisions of mobile phone a study on khu...ijmvsc
Mobile phone has diverse usages to different users in accordance with their necessities. With dramatic
increase in mobile phone usage in recent years, people take into account various factors while they decide
purchasing a mobile phone. This study has put efforts to uncover the underlying factors those affect
customers in choosing mobile phone. Data were collected from those people live in Khulna city
maintaining equal ratios of various groups like male, female, businessmen, employees, students and others
(mostly housewives). To select desired respondents, convenient sampling method was used. A structured
questionnaire designed based on previous study with five point Likert scale was used to interview
respondents. Factor analysis was applied to extract the underlying factors affect mobile phone purchasing
decision. The results show that the most important factor is physical attributes. Some other factors are
pricing, charging and operating facilities, size and weight, friends’ and colleagues’ recommendations,
neighbors’ recommendations and advertising.
An Empirical Study of the Consumer Buying Behaviour for the Mobile Phones in ...scmsnoida5
Abundance of technology has made our life very
rich and qualitatively healthy. Gadgets like
phone, refrigerator, microwave, TV, computer,
Internet, and smart phones are now ubiquitous.
These innovations make us more efficient, break
geographic barriers, connect and entertain us
and make our living easier. But of course, this
has resulted in a more demanding consumer and
intense competition amongst the marketer. The
interesting part in all this is the challenge which
a marketer faces, in order to stand out amongst
the crowd, for a better product, better service and
for delivering a better experience to the consumer.
This study focuses on how a consumer formulates
his purchase decision regarding a mobile phone,
what are the forces and factors which influence
him while making such decisions. Although the
process of buying is not mere transfer of item from
seller to buyer, consumer of today wants value
enriched and ecstatic buying process, enhancing
his experience of shopping.
Presentation on Consumer Buying Behavior for a Smart Phone: A study on young...Sushanka Malakar
This is a research report on Consumer Buying Behavior for a Smart Phone:
A study on young generation in Kolkata
I am bba final year student and this is my final year project
I hope it can help you all
Thank you...
A Study on Consumer Behaviour Among Retail Outlets in Chennaiijtsrd
In this research paper researchers basically focused on behaviour of consumer mainly on purchasing pattern, frequency, price, period of purchase and various factors deciding the purchase. Researchers observed that the customers prefer retail outlets because of price discount, followed by colour, quality and fitting. Researchers have also observed that generally the customer purchase the product during festive season followed by off season. It was found that there is a significant difference between the expectations of coupons for purchasing readymade garments and income level of consumers. Mrs. A Nishath Sultana | Saabhreen Nisha "A Study on Consumer Behaviour Among Retail Outlets in Chennai" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33621.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/consumer-behaviour/33621/a-study-on-consumer-behaviour-among-retail-outlets-in-chennai/mrs-a-nishath-sultana
Factors affecting customers’ buying decisions of mobile phone a study on khu...ijmvsc
Mobile phone has diverse usages to different users in accordance with their necessities. With dramatic
increase in mobile phone usage in recent years, people take into account various factors while they decide
purchasing a mobile phone. This study has put efforts to uncover the underlying factors those affect
customers in choosing mobile phone. Data were collected from those people live in Khulna city
maintaining equal ratios of various groups like male, female, businessmen, employees, students and others
(mostly housewives). To select desired respondents, convenient sampling method was used. A structured
questionnaire designed based on previous study with five point Likert scale was used to interview
respondents. Factor analysis was applied to extract the underlying factors affect mobile phone purchasing
decision. The results show that the most important factor is physical attributes. Some other factors are
pricing, charging and operating facilities, size and weight, friends’ and colleagues’ recommendations,
neighbors’ recommendations and advertising.
An Empirical Study of the Consumer Buying Behaviour for the Mobile Phones in ...scmsnoida5
Abundance of technology has made our life very
rich and qualitatively healthy. Gadgets like
phone, refrigerator, microwave, TV, computer,
Internet, and smart phones are now ubiquitous.
These innovations make us more efficient, break
geographic barriers, connect and entertain us
and make our living easier. But of course, this
has resulted in a more demanding consumer and
intense competition amongst the marketer. The
interesting part in all this is the challenge which
a marketer faces, in order to stand out amongst
the crowd, for a better product, better service and
for delivering a better experience to the consumer.
This study focuses on how a consumer formulates
his purchase decision regarding a mobile phone,
what are the forces and factors which influence
him while making such decisions. Although the
process of buying is not mere transfer of item from
seller to buyer, consumer of today wants value
enriched and ecstatic buying process, enhancing
his experience of shopping.
Customer choice expectancy value model and Brand Loyalty Expectancy Value & C...prasannasaai
Brand choice is the biased, mindful and behavioral tendency which direct consumer’s predisposition toward a brand. Brand choice is a fundamental element for all market ing strategies.
Strong brand choice is the founding block for brand loyalty. Brand loyalty is one of the key
drivers of top-line growth. The committed loyal customers become evangelists for the brand. The
brands are increasingly finding it difficult to retain the customers in the era of the brand deluge.
The brand success cannot be achieved without achieving brand loyalty. Loyal customers stay with their preferred brand as long as the brand continues to deliver its superior value proposition. Marketers and academics always interested to measure brand choice and brand loyalty. Marketing
models are developed to measure both constructs. This paper tests brand choice through the expectancy-value model and brand loyalty score is measured by using this Colombo- Morrison
brand-loyalty model. This research is carried out in the smartphone segment in India. Smartphone
segment dominated the total handset market by holding a 50% market share during Q3 2018. Top
five brands captured 77% share of the total smartphone market during the quarter. In the
smartphone segment, Xiaomi leads the market by having a 27 % market share in Q3 of 2018.
This paper concludes by developing precise brand choice score and brand loyalty score.
The strong brand equity value has turned into an exceptionally critical element that influences customers' behaviour of a brand. Success brand management climbs from understanding and overseeing brand equity fittingly to create the characteristics that will impact customers' behaviour when settling on their decisions. The study makes use of primary and secondary data relating to consumers’ behaviour and brand equity. Data collected from 100 customers from two major cities in odisha. Convenient sampling method is adopted for the selection of samples. This paper stresses on the examination of the effect of purchaser behaviour and brand equity dimensions on purchase of durable products. Spearman's Correlation Coefficient is used for analysis and interpretation in order to study the difference among the purchase value of durable goods, consumer’s buying behaviour of durable goods, brand awareness, brand image, perceived quality, brand association and brand loyalty.
DISSERTATION: Consumer Buying Behavior of Toothpaste Brands in Kolkataranjansaha
DISSERTATION OBJECTIVES:- The purpose of the study is
1. To examine the external factors influencing purchase decisions
2. To examine the consumer awareness of toothpaste
3. To find out how promotional schemes are influencing the consumers
4. To examine how the product attributes influencing the consumer buying toothpaste
A Study on Consumer Behaviour with Reference to Amul Ice - CreamsNaveen S Ghodke
Study On Consumer - Behaviour
With Introduction, Objectives & Methodology, Data Analysis with Interpretation.
Bibliography, Links & References.
Findings & Conclusion.
Questionnaire.
Customer choice expectancy value model and Brand Loyalty Expectancy Value & C...prasannasaai
Brand choice is the biased, mindful and behavioral tendency which direct consumer’s predisposition toward a brand. Brand choice is a fundamental element for all market ing strategies.
Strong brand choice is the founding block for brand loyalty. Brand loyalty is one of the key
drivers of top-line growth. The committed loyal customers become evangelists for the brand. The
brands are increasingly finding it difficult to retain the customers in the era of the brand deluge.
The brand success cannot be achieved without achieving brand loyalty. Loyal customers stay with their preferred brand as long as the brand continues to deliver its superior value proposition. Marketers and academics always interested to measure brand choice and brand loyalty. Marketing
models are developed to measure both constructs. This paper tests brand choice through the expectancy-value model and brand loyalty score is measured by using this Colombo- Morrison
brand-loyalty model. This research is carried out in the smartphone segment in India. Smartphone
segment dominated the total handset market by holding a 50% market share during Q3 2018. Top
five brands captured 77% share of the total smartphone market during the quarter. In the
smartphone segment, Xiaomi leads the market by having a 27 % market share in Q3 of 2018.
This paper concludes by developing precise brand choice score and brand loyalty score.
The strong brand equity value has turned into an exceptionally critical element that influences customers' behaviour of a brand. Success brand management climbs from understanding and overseeing brand equity fittingly to create the characteristics that will impact customers' behaviour when settling on their decisions. The study makes use of primary and secondary data relating to consumers’ behaviour and brand equity. Data collected from 100 customers from two major cities in odisha. Convenient sampling method is adopted for the selection of samples. This paper stresses on the examination of the effect of purchaser behaviour and brand equity dimensions on purchase of durable products. Spearman's Correlation Coefficient is used for analysis and interpretation in order to study the difference among the purchase value of durable goods, consumer’s buying behaviour of durable goods, brand awareness, brand image, perceived quality, brand association and brand loyalty.
DISSERTATION: Consumer Buying Behavior of Toothpaste Brands in Kolkataranjansaha
DISSERTATION OBJECTIVES:- The purpose of the study is
1. To examine the external factors influencing purchase decisions
2. To examine the consumer awareness of toothpaste
3. To find out how promotional schemes are influencing the consumers
4. To examine how the product attributes influencing the consumer buying toothpaste
A Study on Consumer Behaviour with Reference to Amul Ice - CreamsNaveen S Ghodke
Study On Consumer - Behaviour
With Introduction, Objectives & Methodology, Data Analysis with Interpretation.
Bibliography, Links & References.
Findings & Conclusion.
Questionnaire.
Brand Tracking Studies
What is brand tracking?
Why brand tracking?
Whom to track
When to track
What to track
Brand attributes
Case study iphone 5
Brand Matrices
Model for Brand Tracking
Why brand tracking studies fail
References
Describes the five phases of the customer journey and where marketing needs to gouts its attention. How to check a brands performance along the consumer journey.
Consumer's Choice: Brand Choice and Store Choice factors, Post purchase dissonance, Product use and non-use, Product disposition, Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction, Consumer Complaint Behavior, Satisfaction and Brand Loyalty, Strategic implications of post purchase behavior
Consumer Buying Behavior for a Smart Phone: A study on young generation in Ko...Sushanka Malakar
This is a research report on Consumer Buying Behavior for a Smart Phone:
A study on young generation in Kolkata
I am bba final year student and this is my final year project
I hope it can help you all
Thank you...
5
Understanding Consumer Behavior
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter you should be able to:
LO 5-1Describe the stages in the consumer purchase decision process.
LO 5-2Distinguish among three variations of the consumer purchase decision process: routine, limited, and extended problem solving.
LO 5-3Identify the major psychological influences on consumer behavior.
LO 5-4Identify the major sociocultural influences on consumer behavior.
ENLIGHTENED CARMAKERS KNOW WHAT CUSTOM(H)ERS VALUE
Who makes 60 percent of new-car buying decisions? Who influences 80 percent of new-car buying decisions? Women. Yes, women.
Women are a driving force in the U.S. automobile industry. Enlightened carmakers have hired women designers, engineers, and marketing executives to better understand and satisfy this valuable car buyer and influencer. What have they learned? While car price and quality are important, women and men think and feel differently about car features and key elements of the new-car buying decision process and experience.
•The sense of styling. Women and men care about styling. For men, styling is more about a car’s exterior lines and accents or “curb appeal.” Women are more interested in interior design and finishes. Designs that fit their proportions, provide good visibility, offer ample storage space, and make for effortless parking are particularly important.
•The need for speed. Both sexes want speed, but for different reasons. Men think about how many seconds it takes to get from zero to 60 miles per hour. Women want to feel secure that the car has enough acceleration to outrun an 18-wheeler trying to pass them on a freeway entrance ramp.
•The substance of safety. Safety for men is about features that help avoid an accident, such as antilock brakes and responsive steering. For women, safety is about features that help to survive an accident. These features include passenger airbags and reinforced side panels.
•The shopping experience. The new-car-buying experience differs between men and women in important ways. Generally, men decide up front what car they want and set out alone to find it. By contrast, women approach it as an intelligence-gathering expedition. Referred to as CROPing, women shoppers look for CRedible OPinions. They actively seek information and postpone a purchase decision until all options have been evaluated. Women, more frequently than men, visit auto-buying websites, read car-comparison articles, and scan car advertisements. Still, recommendations of friends and relatives matter most to women. Women typically shop three dealerships before making a purchase decision—one more than men.
Page 111
Carmakers have learned that women, more than men, dislike the car-buying experience—specifically, the experience of dealing with car salespeople. In contrast to many male car buyers, women do not typically revel in the gamesmanship of car buying. “Men get all excited about going out to buy a car and talk about how they’re g.
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Introduction
Johnny Depp is an actor known for his chameleon-like ability to transform into a wide range of characters. from the eccentric Captain Jack Sparrow in "Pirates of the Caribbean" to the introspective Edward Scissorhands. His long hair is one constant throughout his evolving roles and public appearances. Johnny Depp long hair is not a style choice but a significant aspect of his identity. contributing to his allure and mystique. This article explores the journey and significance of Johnny Depp long hair. highlighting how it has become integral to his brand.
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Edward Scissorhands (1990)
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1. REPORT
To explore consumer decision making styles of
students (1st and 2nd year) in BIMTECH for Mobiles
Submitted By:
ABHISHEK SHARMA 15DM006
AJIL JALHOTRA 15DM013
ADUSUMILLI PAVAN KUMAR 15DM010
ANKIT SHARMA 15DM027
ANKUR AGGARWAL 15DM031
Submitted To:
Dr. A.K. Dey
2. ABSTRACT
This study is an investigation of the Consumer Decision making styles
among Graduates, Student of BIMTECH business school in India. The
model of consumer style inventory as suggested by Sproles & Kendall
has been tested to validate the basic characteristic of these styles among
young Indian adults, the results of factor analysis suggest that seven
decision making styles are grouped in 6 factor structure, while the 7
decision making styles validated are
1) Perfectionism and high quality consciousness
2) Brand consciousness and price equals quality
3) Novelty & fashion consciousness
4) Recreational & hedonistic shopping consciousness
5) Impulsiveness & carelessness
6) Confused by over choice
7) Habitual & brand loyal orientation
However one decision making style namely price, consciousness and
value for money was not confirmed in the data the findings of the
present study will help the marketing manager to
Understand the use of in Consumer Decision Making Styles
So that they can frame their marketing strategies accordingly.
3. INTRODUCTION
Communication is one of the most talked topics in today’s business
world. Among the different modes of communication, mobile phone is
becoming reliable and efficient vehicle to reach from one person to
another. This is the prevailing device through which we can now
express ourselves, get our work done and share our joys and hurts.
This picture was not seen almost two decades back when most of the
people of this country were solely dependent on telegraph. It was early
nineties, the mobile phone handset first launched in India with a very
small number of penetration rate. At that time very few people were
able to afford mobile phone as they faced different sorts of barriers.
In 1997, Nokia started its operation in this country and presently
operating a number of selling points in India. Siemens and Samsung
started their operation after launching it. In this modern era, a wide
variety of other services such as email, text messaging, MMS, internet
access, audio and video, short range wireless communications
(Inferred, Bluetooth), gaming etc. are also supported by the mobile
phones. In addition to these, it also offers more general computing
capabilities that are referred to smart phone.
In India many mobile phone brands are available e.g. Nokia, Samsung,
Sony, HTC, Panasonic, Motorola, LG, Symphony, Micromax, Walton
etc. and consumer choose their preferred mobile phone from this pool.
This study has been designed with intention to identify the factors
affecting customers to choose their mobile phone. It focuses on
probable reason that the customers consider to make their purchase
decision regarding mobile phone.
4. LITERATURE REVIEW
There are many social and interpersonal factors that influence
customers to decide about any product and so happen in mobile phone
also. Consumer behaviour is affected by a lots of variables, ranging
from personal motivations, needs, attitudes and values, personality
characteristics, socio-economic and cultural background, age, sex,
professional status to social influences of various kinds exerted by
family, friends, colleagues and society as a whole.
Liu (2002) in a recent paper analysed factors affecting the decision
regarding brand in the mobile phone industry in Asia. It was found
that the choice of a mobile phone is characterized by two distinct
attitudes towards brands: attitudes towards the mobile phone brand
and attitudes towards the network. Customers’ choice of mobile
phone brand is affected largely by new features more than size. This
trend of choosing is definitely towards phones with better capacity
and larger screens.
Consumer decision making relates to the following consumer
characteristics as confirmed by a framework developed by Sproles
and Kendall.
5. 1) Innovation conscious consumer – a characteristic identifying
consumers who appear like new and innovative products and gain
excitement from seeking out new things
2) Recreational, hedonistic consumer – a characteristic measuring
the degree to which a consumer finds shopping a pleasant activity and
shops just for the fun of it
3) Price conscious consumer – a characteristic identifying those with
particularly high consciousness of sale prices and lower prices in
general
4) Impulsive, careless consumer – identifying those who tend to buy
on the spur of the moment and appear unconcerned how much they
spend or getting “best buys”
5) Confused by over choice consumer – a characteristic identifying
those consumers who perceive too many brands and stores from which
to choose, experiencing information overload in the market
6) Habitual, brand-loyal consumer – a characteristic indicating
consumers who have favourite brands and stores, who have formed
habits in choosing these repetitively.
7) High quality consciousness – a characteristic identifying those
with particularly high consciousness of high quality and efficient
mobiles.
8) Utilitarian consumer –a characteristic indicating how consumers
buy there mobiles based on their requirement rather than what mobile
companies offer.
6. Questionnaire:
Statements Strongly
disagree Disagree
Neither
Agree Nor
Disagree
Agree Strongly
Agree
Code 5 4 3 2 1
1.1 The most advertised brands of
Mobile Phones are usually very
good choices.
1.2. The most expensive brands of
Mobile Phones usually are my choice.
1.3. I prefer buying the bestselling
brands of Mobile Phones.
1.4. The well-known brands of Mobile
Phones are best for me.
1.5. The high the price of the Mobile,
the better is its quality.
1.6. Nice outlets and speciality stores
offer me the best Mobiles.
2.1. I usually have one or more Mobile
Phones of the very newest style.
2.2. Fashionable, attractive styling of
the Mobile Phones is very important to
me.
2.3. I keep myself up to date with the
changing fashions of Mobile Phones.
2.4. To get variety, I shop different
stores and choose different brands of
mobiles.
3.1. When it comes to purchase Mobile
Phones, I try to get the best.
3.2. In general, I usually try to buy the
best overall quality of Mobiles.
3.3. I should plan my shopping more
carefully than I do.
3.4. I make a special effort to choose
the very best quality Mobiles.
3.5. My standards and expectations for
the Mobile Phones I buy are very high.
3.6. I like to get good quality of Mobile
Phone.
3.7. I really don’t give my purchases of
Mobile Phones much thought or care.
3.8. A Mobile does not have to be
perfect, or the best, to satisfy me.
7. 3.9. I shop quickly, buying the first
Mobile Phone or brand I find that
seems good enough.
4.1. I carefully watch how much I
spend.
4.2. I consider price first.
4.3. The lower price Mobile Phone is
usually my choice.
4.4. I usually compare at least three
brands before choosing a mobile.
Statements Strongly
disagree Disagree
Neither
Agree Nor
Disagree
Agree Strongly
Agree
Code 5 4 3 2 1
4.5. I usually compare advertisements
to buy fashionable Mobile Phones.
4.6. I cannot choose Mobile Phones
myself.
4.7. I buy as much as possible at sale
price.
4.8. I look carefully to find the best
value for the money.
5.1. Shopping is not a pleasant activity
to me.
5.2. Shopping wastes my time.
5.3. Shopping is one of the enjoyable
activities of my life.
5.4. I enjoy shopping just for the fun of
it.
5.5. Its fun to buy something new and
exciting.
5.6. I make my shopping trips fast.
6.1. I have favourite brands of Mobile
Phone I buy over and over.
6.2. Once I find a Mobile phone or
brand I like I stick with it.
6.3. I go to the same Mobile store each
time I shop.
6.4. I change brands of Mobile Phone I
buy regularly.
7.1. There are many brands to choose
that often I feel confused.
7.2. All the information I get on
different Mobile Phones confuses me.
7.3. The more I learn about Mobile
Phones, the harder to choose the best.
8. 7.4. Sometimes it is hard to choose
which stores to shop.
8.1. Often I make careless purchases I
later wish I had not.
8.2. I am impulsive (buy without giving
much thought)when purchasing Mobile
Phone.
8.3. I take the time to shop carefully for
best buys.
9.1. My mother provides a good model
for me to follow.
9.2. My mother sets an example for me.
9.3. My mother sets a positive example
for others to follow.
9.4. I try to follow the behaviour
displayed by my mother.
9.5. My Mother acts as a role model for
me.
9.6. My Father provides a good model
for me to follow.
Statements Strongly
disagree
Disagree Neither
Agree Nor
Disagree
Agree Strongly
Agree
Code 5 4 3 2 1
9.7. My Father sets an example for me.
9.8. My Father sets a positive example
for others to follow.
9.9. I try to follow the behaviour
displayed by my Father.
9.10. My Father acts as a role model for
me.
9.11. My Favourite athlete provides a
good model for me to follow.
9.12. My Favourite athlete sets an
example for me.
9.13. My Favourite athlete sets a
positive example for others to follow.
9.14. I try to follow the behaviour
displayed by my Favourite athlete.
9.15. My Favourite athlete acts as a role
model for me.
9.16. I want to be as smart as movie
idols.
9.17. I want to be as stylist as people
appearing in ads.
9.18. I want to be as trendy as models
in magazines.
9. 9.19. I do not aspire to the lifestyle of
celebrities.
9.20.I access Internet every day
9.21. On holidays, I spend more time
than usual surfing net.
9.22. I find using internet more enjoyable
than watching TV.
9.23. I come to know about Mobile
Phone from internet.
9.24. My Friend and I talk about buying
Mobile Phone.
9.25. My friend and I learn from each
other about Mobile Phone.
9.26. My friend and I trust each other
about buying Mobile Phone.
9.27. I find T.V. watching very
educative and entertaining.
10.1. I usually buy only the Mobile I
need.
10.2. The things I own aren’t all that
important to me.
10.3. I admire people who own
expensive homes, cars, and clothes.
Statements Strongly
disagree Disagree
Neither
Agree Nor
Disagree
Agree Strongly
Agree
Code 5 4 3 2 1
10.4. I like to buy Mobile Phone that
impresses people.
10.5. Buying Mobile Phone gives me a
lot of pleasure.
10.6. I like a lot of luxury in my life.
10.7. I don’t pay much attention to the
material objects other people own.
10.8. My life would be better if I owned
certain things I don’t have.
10.9. I’d be happier if I could afford to
buy more Mobile Phones.
10.10. It sometimes bothers me quite a
bit that I can’t afford to buy all the
Mobile Phones I’d like.
10. Objectives:
To find the major factors influencing the consumer decision making style
in mobile purchases
To find the major factors influencing the socialisation of consumers in
mobile purchases
To find the major factors influencing the materialization of consumers in
mobile purchases
SPSS Factor analysis:
Factor Analysis is a commonly used data/ variable reduction technique.
This multivariate statistical technique is used for three primary reasons:
· Reduce the number of variables, from large to small
· Establish underlying dimensions between measured variables
and constructs and
· Provide construct validity evidence
Some of the points, of Factor Analysis, discussed in class include the
types of factor analysis, i.e, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and
Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). As the names suggest, EFA is
used where the study is being conducted with no pre-conceived theories
or expectations while CFA is used where the study is being conducted
to test a proposed theory.
While the uses of Factor Analysis including a) interdependency and
pattern delineation; b) data reduction; c) structure; d) classification; e)
scaling; and f) hypothesis testing, have been discussed in detail in the
class, one aspect in Factor Analysis that needs mention in detail
includes KMO & Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity.
KMO & Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity is a measure of sampling
adequacy that is recommended to check the case to variable ratio for
11. the analysis being conducted. In most academic and business studies,
KMO & Bartlett’s test play an important role for accepting the sample
adequacy. While the KMO ranges from 0 to 1, the world-over accepted
index is over 0.6. Also, the Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity relates to the
significance of the study and thereby shows the validity and suitability
of the responses collected to the problem being addressed through the
study. For Factor Analysis to be recommended suitable, the Bartlett’s
Test of Sphericity must be less than 0.05.
Consumer Decision Making Style questions from questionnaire are
1.1 to 8.3
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling
Adequacy.
.717
Bartlett's Test of
Sphericity
Approx. Chi-Square 1218.719
Df 231
Sig. .000
12. Communalities
The output shows the table of communalities before and after extraction.
Principal component analysis works on the initial assumption that all variance is
common; therefore, before extraction the communalities are all 1. The
communalities in the column labelled Extraction reflect the common variance in
the data structure. So we can say that 57.5% of the variance associated with
question 1.1 is common or shared, variance. The amount of variance in each
variable that can be explained by the retained factors is represented by the
communalities after extraction. Ideal extracted values should be above 0.5.
Communalities
Initial Extraction
1.1 The most advertised
brands of Mobile Phones are
usually very good choices.
1.000 .575
1.2 The most expensive
brands of Mobile Phones
usually are my choice.
1.000 .616
1.3 I prefer buying the best
selling brands of Mobile
Phones.
1.000 .526
2.1 I usually have one or
more Mobile Phones of the
very newest style.
1.000 .746
2.2 Fashionable, attractive
styling of the Mobile Phones
is very important to me.
1.000 .739
3.2 In general, I usually try to
buy the best overall quality of
Mobiles.
1.000 .656
3.3 I should plan my
shopping more carefully than
I do.
1.000 .641
3.4 I make a special effort to
choose the very best quality
Mobiles.
1.000 .673
3.5 My standards and
expectations for the Mobile
Phones I buy are very high.
1.000 .749
13. 3.6 I like to get good quality
of Mobile Phone.
1.000 .730
3.7 I really don’t give my
purchases of Mobile Phones
much thought or care.
1.000 .712
3.9 I shop quickly, buying the
first Mobile Phone or brand I
find that seems good
enough.
1.000 .628
4.3 The lower price Mobile
Phone is usually my choice. 1.000 .579
4.6 I cannot choose Mobile
Phones myself.
1.000 .565
5.3 Shopping is one of the
enjoyable activities of my life. 1.000 .669
5.4 I enjoy shopping just for
the fun of it.
1.000 .709
5.5 Its fun to buy something
new and exciting. 1.000 .635
7.1 There are many brands
to choose that often I feel
confused.
1.000 .705
7.2 All the information I get
on different Mobile Phones
confuses me
1.000 .695
7.3 The more I learn about
Mobile Phones, the harder to
choose the best.
1.000 .715
7.4 Sometimes it is hard to
choose which stores to shop. 1.000 .507
8.3 I take the time to shop
carefully for best buys. 1.000 .568
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
14. Total variance Explained:
Before extraction, SPSS has identified 22 linear components within
the data set. SPSS extracts all factors with Eigen values greater than
one, which leaves us with 7 factors.
In the final part of the table labelled Rotation Sum of Squared
Loadings, the eigen values of the factors after rotation are displayed.
Rotation has the factor of optimizing the factor structure and one
consequence for these data is that the relative importance of the 7
factors is equalized. Before rotation factor 1 accounted for
considerably more variance than the remaining 6 (17.285%
compared to 12.881, 10.126% etc), however after extraction it
accounts for only 12.208% of variance (compared to 9.811%,
9.659% etc).
On the first run of factor analysis we got 14 factors and were
optimised to 7 factors.
15. Rotated Component Matrix:
Another important aspect that needs mention is the Rotated
Component Matrix. While deciding how many factors one would
analyze is whether a variable might relate to more than one factor.
Rotation maximizes high item loadings and minimizes low item
loadings, thereby producing a more interpretable and simplified
solution. There are two common rotation techniques - orthogonal
rotation and oblique rotation. While orthogonal varimax rotation that
produces factor structures that are uncorrelated, oblique rotation
produces factors that are correlated. Irrespective of the rotation
method used, the primary objectives are to provide easier
interpretation of results, and produce a solution that is more
parsimonious.
Rotated Component Matrixa
Component
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1.1 The most advertised
brands of Mobile Phones are
usually very good choices.
.648
1.2 The most expensive
brands of Mobile Phones
usually are my choice.
.736
1.3 I prefer buying the best
selling brands of Mobile
Phones.
.587
2.1 I usually have one or more
Mobile Phones of the very
newest style.
.797
2.2 Fashionable, attractive
styling of the Mobile Phones is
very important to me.
.837
3.2 In general, I usually try to
buy the best overall quality of
Mobiles.
.752
3.3 I should plan my shopping
more carefully than I do. .729
16. 3.4 I make a special effort to
choose the very best quality
Mobiles.
.723
3.5 My standards and
expectations for the Mobile
Phones I buy are very high.
.855
3.6 I like to get good quality of
Mobile Phone.
.831
3.7 I really don’t give my
purchases of Mobile Phones
much thought or care.
.754 .303
3.9 I shop quickly, buying the
first Mobile Phone or brand I
find that seems good enough.
.728
4.3 The lower price Mobile
Phone is usually my choice.
.455 -.377
4.6 I cannot choose Mobile
Phones myself.
.705
5.3 Shopping is one of the
enjoyable activities of my life. .689
5.4 I enjoy shopping just for
the fun of it.
.796
5.5 Its fun to buy something
new and exciting.
.742
7.1 There are many brands to
choose that often I feel
confused.
.820
7.2 All the information I get on
different Mobile Phones
confuses me
.814
7.3 The more I learn about
Mobile Phones, the harder to
choose the best.
.836
7.4 Sometimes it is hard to
choose which stores to shop. .656
8.3 I take the time to shop
carefully for best buys.
.527 -.410
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
a. Rotation converged in 6 iterations.
17. Socialisation results:
Socialisation questions are from 9.1 to 9.27
We have started with 9 factors initially without reduction of any
questions later by removing low anti image diagonal values and
low communalities value we have reduced to six factors of
socialisation.
KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .846
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 2916.534
Df 231
Sig. .000
Communalities:
Initial Extraction
9.2 My mother sets an example for me.
1.000 .828
9.3 My mother sets a positive example for
others to follow. 1.000 .566
9.4 I try to follow the behaviour displayed by
my mother. 1.000 .831
9.5 My Mother acts as a role model for me.
1.000 .770
9.6 My Father provides a good model for me to
follow. 1.000 .783
9.7 My Father sets an example for me.
1.000 .893
9.8 My Father sets a positive example for
others to follow 1.000 .841
18. 9.9 I try to follow the behaviour displayed by
my Father. 1.000 .828
9.10 My Father acts as a role model for me.
1.000 .638
9.11 My Favourite athlete provides a good
model for me to follow. 1.000 .812
9.12 My Favourite athlete sets an example for
me
1.000 .859
9.13 My Favourite athlete sets a positive
example for others to follow. 1.000 .821
9.14 I try to follow the behaviour displayed by
my Favourite athlete. 1.000 .831
9.15 My Favourite athlete acts as a role model
for me 1.000 .708
9.16 I want to be as smart as movie idols.
1.000 .827
9.17 I want to be as stylist as people
appearing in ads. 1.000 .855
9.20 I access Internet every day
1.000 .570
9.22 I find using internet more enjoyable than
watching TV. 1.000 .693
9.23 I come to know about Mobile Phone from
internet. 1.000 .539
9.24 My Friend and I talk about buying Mobile
Phone 1.000 .647
9.25 My friend and I learn from each other
about Mobile Phone. 1.000 .758
9.27 I find T.V. watching very educative and
entertaining. 1.000 .683
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
19. Total Variance Explained:
Rotated Component Matrixa
Component
1 2 3 4 5 6
9.2 My mother
sets an example
for me.
.865
9.3 My mother
sets a positive
example for others
to follow.
.630
9.4 I try to follow
the behaviour
displayed by my
mother.
.318 .787
20. 9.5 My Mother
acts as a role
model for me.
.433 .736
9.6 My Father
provides a good
model for me to
follow.
.804
9.7 My Father sets
an example for
me.
.879
9.8 My Father sets
a positive example
for others to
follow
.843
9.9 I try to follow
the behaviour
displayed by my
Father.
.838
9.10 My Father
acts as a role
model for me.
.685 .354
9.11 My Favourite
athlete provides a
good model for
me to follow.
.853
9.12 My Favourite
athlete sets an
example for me
.897
21. 9.13 My Favourite
athlete sets a
positive example
for others to
follow.
.841 .303
9.14 I try to
follow the
behaviour
displayed by my
Favourite athlete.
.884
9.15 My Favourite
athlete acts as a
role model for me
.521 .642
9.16 I want to be
as smart as movie
idols.
.877
9.17 I want to be
as stylist as people
appearing in ads.
.911
9.20 I access
Internet every day
.709
9.22 I find using
internet more
enjoyable than
watching TV.
.794
9.23 I come to
know about
Mobile Phone
from internet.
.324 .624
22. 9.24 My Friend
and I talk about
buying Mobile
Phone
.385 .634
9.25 My friend
and I learn from
each other about
Mobile Phone.
.330 .765
9.27 I find T.V.
watching very
educative and
entertaining.
.782
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
a. Rotation converged in 6 iterations.
Materialism Results:
Materialism questions are from 10.1 to 10.10
We have got 4 factors without reduction of the question later by
removing low anti image values we have reduced factors into 3
factors.
KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of
Sampling Adequacy.
.752
Bartlett's Test of
Sphericity
Approx. Chi-
Square
366.04
7
Df 28
Sig. .000
23. Communalities:
Initial Extraction
10.2 The things I own aren’t all
that important to me.
1.000 .661
10.3 I admire people who own
expensive homes, cars, and clothes.
1.000 .641
10.4 I like to buy Mobile Phone that
impresses people. 1.000 .748
10.5 Buying Mobile Phone gives me a
lot of pleasure.
1.000 .598
10.7 I don’t pay much attention to
the material objects other people own.
1.000 .520
10.8 My life would be better if I
owned certain things I don’t have.
1.000 .757
24. 10.9 I'd be happier if I could afford to
buy more Mobile Phones.
1.000 .560
10.6 I like a lot of luxury in my life
1.000 .844
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Total variance Explained:
Rotated Component Matrixa
Component
1 2 3
10.2 The things I own
aren’t all that
important to me.
.604 .406 -.364
10.3 I admire people who
own expensive homes,
cars, and clothes.
.797
25. 10.4 I like to buy Mobile
Phone that impresses
people.
.834
10.5 Buying Mobile
Phone gives me a lot of
pleasure.
.679
10.7 I don’t pay
much attention to the
material objects other
people own.
.704
10.8 My life would be
better if I owned certain
things I don’t have. .825
10.9 I'd be happier if I
could afford to buy more
Mobile Phones.
.702
10.6 I like a lot of luxury
in my life
.895
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
a. Rotation converged in 4 iterations.
26. MATERIAL AND METHOD
This study was conducted to know the factors affect people decisions
of mobile phone purchasing. Primary and secondary data were
collected from appropriate sources for collecting data. A structured
questionnaire will be used to collect the opinions of respondents. To
select the respondents, convenience sampling method was used. In our
project we shall critically analyse the impact of all these factors on the
consumer buying behaviour for mobile phones.
Sample Size: The analysis is done on an approximate sample size of
200 responses.
Sample Selection: The sample will mainly consist the students of
BIMTECH.
Primary Data Collection Procedure: Data for the analysis will be
collected through online and offline surveys.
27. CONCLUSION
From the factorial analysis we have classified consumer decision
making style into seven factors which influence the consumer
decision making style in mobile purchases.
Factors are:
1) style preference consumer (2.1,2.2)
2) Recreational, hedonistic consumer (5.3,5.4,5.5)
3) Price conscious consumer (3.3,3.4,3.5)
4) Impulsive, careless consumer (3.7,3.9,4.3,4.6)
5) Confused by over choice consumer (7.1,7.2,7.3,7.4)
6) Habitual, brand-loyal consumer.(1.1,1.2,1.3)
7) High quality consciousness (3.2,3.6,8.3)
Similarly, we have classified socialisation influence in consumer
decision making style of mobile phones into six factors
Factor-1 (9.10,9.11,9.12,9.13,9.14)
Factor -2 (9.6,9.7,9.8,9.9)
Factor-3 (9.2,9.3,9.4,9.5)
Factor-4 (9.15,9.16,9.17)
Factor-5 (9.20,9.22,9.23)
Factor-6 (9.24,9.25,9.27)
Similarly, we have classified materialism influence in consumer
decision making style of mobile phones into 3 factors
Factor-1 high in materialism (10.3,10.4,10.5)
Factor-2 low in materialism (10.7,10.8,10.9)
Factor-3 Desire of materialism (10.6)
28. REFERENCES
1. FACTORS AFFECTING CUSTOMERS’ BUYING DECISIONS OF MOBILE PHONE: A STUDY ON
KHULNA CITY, BANGLADESH
International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains (IJMVSC) Vol.5, No. 2, June
2014
2. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/235277616 Consumer Decision-Making Styles:
A Multicounty Investigation ARTICLE in EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MARKETING ·
NOVEMBER 1996 Impact Factor: 0.96 · DOI: 10.1108/03090569610153273
3. Consumer decision making style among Indian student
B M Godeshwar
4. Statistical Approach to Consumer Decision Making Gautam Narang, Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering, New
Delhi, India. Email: gautam2410@gmail.com Mili Mishra, Department of Electronics and
Instrumentation, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Goa, India. Email:
mili8247@gmail.com
Global Journal of Emerging Trends in e-Business, Marketing and Consumer Psychology
(GJETeMCP) An Online International Research Journal (ISSN: 2311-3170) 2014 Vol: 1 Issue
1