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Conquering The Comma And Other Punctuation Marks By Jill Oliver Compiled from information and materials provided by Purdue’s Online Writing Lab (OWL)
Overview: Punctuation Marks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Comma ,[object Object],[object Object]
Clauses and Phrases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Compound Sentences ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],FAN BOYS
Compound Sentences ,[object Object],The weather was beautiful, so Kelly went to the beach. S  V The  weather  was  beautiful,  so   Kelly   went  to the beach. Conj.   S   V
Compound Sentences ,[object Object],Sean built a sandcastle and Tammy played with her ball Sean   built   a sandcastle ,   and   Tammy   played   with her ball S  V  Conj.  S   V
Dependent Clauses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Because Since When While Until Though Although Unless If As After Before Once Whether
Dependent Clauses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dependent Clauses ,[object Object],After Jackie ate all the cookies Annabella baked more. DCM   S   V   After  Jackie   ate  all the cookies , Annabella   baked   more. S   V Annabella baked more cookies after Jackie ate them all. S   V   DCM   S   V Annabella   baked  more cookies  after   Jackie   ate  them all. DCM  S  V  S  V While Annabella bakes often ,  Jackie eats more than she bakes. DCM  S   V  S  V While  Annabella   bakes  often ,   Jackie   eats  more than she bakes.
Essential vs. Nonessential Phrases Clauses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Essential vs. Nonessential DCM  S  V  S  V My neighbors, who live down the hall, are very rude! S   nonessential phrase   V My  neighbors,   who live down the hall ,  are  very rude! DCM  S  V  S  V The people who live next door are very rude! S   essential phrase   V The  people   who live next door   are  very rude! DCM  S  V  S  V Chris bought Jo earrings for Christmas, her favorite holiday. S   V   nonessential phrase Chris   bought  Jo earrings for Christmas,  her favorite holiday . DCM  S  V  S  V The chai that I order from Java Kai is better than this one! S   essential phrase   V The  chai   that I order from Java Kai   is  better than this one! Without the essential phrase, the sentence does not make complete sense:  The people are very rude! Even without the phrase the sentence makes sense:  My neighbors are very rude!   Use commas to set off additional and unnecessary information. Here’s a tip: The word “that” is almost always an indicator of an essential phrase or clause.
Other Comma Uses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],the small red flower four hungry puppies the cranky, noisy child
The Comma Splice Error ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],S   V   S   V We   had  a nice time   ,   I   hope  we can meet again soon. S  V   S   V E-mail   has revolutionized  communication   ,   mom  has written  fewer letters since she started using it. We had a nice time ,   and  I hope we can meet again soon. We had a nice time .  I hope we can meet again soon. E-mail has revolutionized communication ;  mom has written fewer letters since she started using it.
Semicolon ; ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Colon : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Parentheses ( ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Quotation Marks “ ” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Punctuation with Quotation Marks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
More Punctuation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Unnecessary Quotation Marks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
For More Information… ,[object Object],[object Object]

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Joliver.punctuation

  • 1. Conquering The Comma And Other Punctuation Marks By Jill Oliver Compiled from information and materials provided by Purdue’s Online Writing Lab (OWL)
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  • 12. Essential vs. Nonessential DCM S V S V My neighbors, who live down the hall, are very rude! S nonessential phrase V My neighbors, who live down the hall , are very rude! DCM S V S V The people who live next door are very rude! S essential phrase V The people who live next door are very rude! DCM S V S V Chris bought Jo earrings for Christmas, her favorite holiday. S V nonessential phrase Chris bought Jo earrings for Christmas, her favorite holiday . DCM S V S V The chai that I order from Java Kai is better than this one! S essential phrase V The chai that I order from Java Kai is better than this one! Without the essential phrase, the sentence does not make complete sense: The people are very rude! Even without the phrase the sentence makes sense: My neighbors are very rude! Use commas to set off additional and unnecessary information. Here’s a tip: The word “that” is almost always an indicator of an essential phrase or clause.
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