This document discusses various types of punctuation and connectors used in writing. It provides examples of how commas, semicolons, colons, apostrophes, quotation marks, periods, question marks, exclamation marks, and parentheses are used correctly. It also explains the purpose and use of different connectors like copulative, disjunctive, conditional, concessive, conclusive, and causal connectors and provides examples of each.

1. ENGLISH COMPOSITION KELLY SIMANCA

2. Why do we need punctuation and connectors? essencial writing understand

4. Notonly… Butalso…

5. Not… But… As well

6. Both… And…

8. Disyunctive - Or... - Either… or… - Neither… nor… - Wether… or… - Orelse… - otherwise

9. Examples That clerk is either incompetent or too lazy to be efficient. The musician neither played the piano well nor sang good songs. Mary wondered whetherto travel or to stay and save the money. We have to hurry up, or else we'll miss our bus. Leave right now, otherwise you'll be caught.

12. Concessive…. - Although/though/eventhough - Evenif - Notevenif - Despite/ in despite of - Regardless of

13. examples Although Jack is not very tall, he is excellent at basketball. She decided to go to work, though she was not feeling well. I will finish the project by tomorrow, even if I have to work all night. It was a great match in spite of the bad the weather. A patriot will defend his nation, regardless of the consequences.

14. Conclusive - Therefore - Hence - Thus - So - Consequently

15. Examples I don't know her phone number, therefore I can't call her. Frank was raised in a farm, hence his ability to ride horses. She hadn't eaten for days and thus felt very weak. His car broke down, so he took it to a garage. They argued all the time, consequently they eventually got divorced.

16. Continuative -then -moreover -furthermore -besides -in additionto

17. EXAMPLES -If you like those shoes, thenwhy don't you buy them? -They work very hard; moreover,they do a very good job. -He is perfect for the job; furthermore, he is the only applicant. -I don't want to sell my car; besides, I need it for my job. -In addition to being a great person, the physician was an excellent professional

18. Adversative -but-however-nonetheless-yet / even so -still-instead-onthecontrary

19. EXAMPLES -He spoke clearly,butI didn't understand him. -They were not having fun; howeverthey stayed until ----the party was over. -It was very stormy; nevertheless we went fishing. -He was a very good swimmer;even so, he drowned. -Jack didn't study for the test;stillhe managed to pass it. -I was invited to a party on Saturday, but went to bed instead.

20. Causal - because- for- because of - since - - as - dueto / owingto

21. EXAMPLES -The baby is crying because he is hungry. -We'll have to stay home, for it is raining outside. -They stayed in because of the bad weather.-He won't understand, since he doesn't speak English. -She failed to pass the exam,as she made many mistakes. -The unemployment was high due to the economic crisis.

22. Comparative - as- as...as - not as...as - not so...as - as if / as though - than

23. Examples -He performed the operation exactlyashe was told. -His car isasfast as mine. -His second book was not so good as the first one. -They treat me as if they didn't know me. -Bill started to spend money as though he had won the lottery. -They started to have more problems thanthey expected.

24. Functional -so -so that-so as to-so as notto-in orderto

25. EXAMPLES -So, tell me what you think about my new dress! -He gave her a present so that she would feel better. -We moved the table so as to have more space for dancing. -He took a nap so as not to be too tired for the party. -They left early in order to arrive in time for the movie.

26. Punctuationmarks , ; “” . - : ´ ? ! ()

27. Comma It is said, “It was Patrick Henry who said, Give me liberty or give me death” “Lincoln was a great statesman; Grant, a great soldier.” The story gets off to a slow start, but it gets exciting toward the end. Our itinerary included Rome, London, and Madrid. My father, who started this company, really knows his stuff.

28. Apostrophe Instead of saying the party of Ben Ben’s party We met at Ben’s party. The dog’s tail wagged rapidly. He joined Charles’s army in 1642. Thomas's brother was injured in the accident. Singular nouns and most personal names Plural nounsthatend in “S”

29. St Thomas’ Hospital The mansion was converted into a girls’ school. The work is due to start in two weeks’ time. My duties included cleaning out the horses’ stables. Also… I’m - short for I am he’ll - short for he will can't = cannot; it's = it is. didn’t - short for did not Exception Plural nounsthat do notend in “S”

30. semicolon "The power of England relies upon the wisdom of her statesmen; the power of America upon the strength of her army and navy.“ "He had three defects; namely, carelessness, lack of concentration and obstinacy in his ideas." "An island is a portion of land entirely surrounded by water; as Cuba."

31. For example, besides, nevertheless, etc.Example: I think he's right; however, it's difficult to know. Winners in the competition were Bill, first place; Amy, second place; and Jeff, third place.

32. colon : The charter review committee now includes the following people: the mayor the chief of police the fire chief the chair of the town council “Acoustics: the Science of Sounds” The acting director often used her favorite quotation from Shakespeare's Tempest: "We are such stuff as dreams are made on; and our little life is rounded with a sleep."

33. Not use Her recipe for gunpowder included saltpeter, dry oatmeal, and ground-up charcoal briquets. (no colon after "included") His favorite breakfast cereals were Rice Krispies, Cheerios, and Wheaties. (no colon after "were") Her usual advice, I remember, was "Keep your head up as you push the ball up the court." (no colon after "was")

34. salutation DearSenator Dodd: My dear Sir: Gentlemen: Dear Mr. Jones BIFF: He had the wrong dreams. All, all, wrong.HAPPY (almost ready to fight Biff): Don't say that!BIFF: He never knew who he was.

35. Full stop. Examples "Birds fly." "Plants grow." "Man is mortal.“ Rt. Rev. T. C. Alexander, D.D., L.L.D. www.oup.com

37. pre-eminent or co-own

38. post-Aristotelian or pre-1900Tojoinprefixestootherwords In compoundwords

39. THE QUOTATION MARK (“ “) WhatisMetacognition? “Theawareness and knowledge of one’s mental processessuchthatone can monitor, regulate and directthemto a desiregoal.” (Harris and Hodges, 1995)

40. …EXCLAMATION MARK … QUESTION MARK … PARENTHESIS