1. Errors are a natural part of language learning and reveal patterns in a learner's developing language system. 2. Some common error types include incorrect use of tenses like present simple vs present continuous, incorrect use of modal verbs like shall vs will, incorrect use of conditionals and passive voice. 3. Other error types include incorrect use of articles, comparatives, relative clauses, adverbial clauses, and expressions involving wish, if only, would rather.

1. THEORIES OF LANGUAGE LEARNING
Name: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Loan
Class: PG.tp.HCM
Date of birth: 11th August, 1978
Topic: The significance of error analysis to English teaching.
Erors are a nature part of language learning. This is true of the development of a child’s first language as
well as of second language learning by children and adults. The errors reveal the patterns of learners’
developing interlanguage system-showing where they have overgeneralized a second language rule or
where they have inappropriately transferred a first languege rule to the second language.
Some examples of typical intralingual and developmental errors
1. Errors in tenses
• Present simple and present continuous
- He no work in a hospital.
- What time you get up? Does he goes to work by bus?
- They playing football.
- How do you getting to school?
- I’m having $5 in my pocket.
- Are you wanting a coffee?
- Is she speaking Spanish?- Yes, sometimes, with her parents
- Does she speak Spanish?- I guess so. I can’t understand a word.
- Where are you staying in Manchester?- usually at the Airport hotel.
- Where do you you stay in Manchester? – I’m not sure.
- Can I ring you back? I have a shower.
• Simple past and past continuous
- I have done it yesterday.
- I didn’t used to understand mathematics.
- When you saw him?
- He no came yesterday.
- They was coming.
• Simple tense and present perpect tense.
- Well what about yesterday?-I haven’t done anything special.
- Can you come to the pub? – No, I washed my hair.
- I love travelling. – Really? Did you ever go to Paris?
- I lived in the South of France for a year. – Really? Have you ever been to Paris?
- We got married since 1986.
- We’ve been married in 1986.
- Dinosaurs have lived in many parts of the world.
- The invention of computers had a dramatic effect on the modern world.
- This is the first time we met.
- That was the first time we’ve met.
- Britain was a member of the EC since 1973.
- “The government has introduced a new tax,” the history book says.
- “The government introduced a new tax,” the reporter said.
• Shall, Will and future tense.
- Have you any plans for this evening? – Yes, I’ll write some postcards.

2. - I’m too tired to drive any further! – Ok, I’m going to drive.
- I don’t think you’re seen this film, it’s great! - Really? Then I’m going to see it tomorrow.
- Oh no! Look at the petrol gauge! – Yes, I think we’ll run out of pertrol.
- You must come in if it will rain.
- Yes. I’ll be ready soon, I am coming as soon as I will have got dressed.
- I open the door for you? ( Shall I open the door?)
- This weekend I will go to visit some friends.
- Officials will wait at the airport when the plane arrives.
- The president will be making a speech when the plane arrives.
• Present perpect and present perpect cotinuous tense.
- I’ve been wait for three hours.
- He’s trying to mend his car all afternoon.
- I been working as a waiter for three months.
- He’s living in London for the past five years.
- Before I came here, I’ve been working in an office.
- I have been living in London and Manchester as well.
- I’ve been reading the paper so I think take a walk now.
- I’ve read the paper and there’s an interesting article on pollution.
• Past perpect tense.
- When I got to the station I found the train left.
• Like and would like
- Do you like to come to the cinema with me?
- I like an apple.
• What and How.
- How is it like?
- How is your city?
- How a beautiful picture!
• Have to, must, should, can, could, Managed to, Be able to..
- She hasn’t to do it.
- What time have you to get up?
- I’ve to work hard.
- I like the class because we mustn’t do tests.
- I was trapped in my car, but I could get out by breaking the window.
- You couldn’t smoke in the library.
- I think you must take the train, it’s faster.
- I don’t think we must leave him, it’s not fair.
- These are my most precious possessions so you shouldn’t touch them, but you mustn’t look at
them.
- You mustn’t tell me, I already know.
- You don’t have to walk in the middle of the road, it’s dangerous.
• Conditional sentences.
- If it will rain, I’ll stay at home.
- What you do if you won at lot of money?
- If I see Peter I tell him the news.
- A good businessman would say, “If I got rich, I’ll move to Florida”.
- A poor man would say, “If I get rich, I’ll move to Florida”
• Passive voice.

3. - Champagne produced in France.
- My watch was mend very very quickly.
- Forests are cutting down.
- My wallet has been stealing.
- This film should not exposed to light.
- She is said that she’s 120 years old.
2. Errors in use of articles
- Water is necessary in life.
- The athletes compete against gold meadals.
- They cut down tress as firewood.
3. Comperative
- A mountain is biger thhan a hill.
- This picture is prettyer than that one.
- I am too tired to drive any farer.
- The more she has money, the more she wants.
- The book was more interesting as the film.
- He isn’t as tall than me.
4. Relative clause
- Alice is the person which told Tom.
- Jonh’s the person Alice told him.
- David is the person whose his umbrella Lydia took by accident.
- Cannibals are people who eats other people.
5. Errors in adverbial clause.
- Though the traffic was bad, but I arrived on time.
- We stayed at home because the rain.
6. Errors in wish, if only, would rather..
- I wish I have money.
- If only I can find a job.
- I’d rather you do it.
- It’s time you go to bed.
The end