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Similar to Congestion, Carbon & Cost Management in Mass Transit Planning with Efficient Land Use
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Congestion, Carbon & Cost Management in Mass Transit Planning with Efficient Land Use
- 1. Alex Boston Executive Director CONGESTION, CARBON & COST MANAGEMENT MASS TRANSIT PLANNING PRIORITIES Mayors Council Briefing, November 2018
- 2. A study of 54 heavy and light rail transit projects across the U.S. comparing ridership, revenues and costs shows the most important determinant of cost effectiveness is job and resident density. Erick Guerra and Robert Cervero, 2011. “Cost of a Ride: The Effects of Densities on Fixed-Guideway Transit Ridership and Costs,” in the Journal of the American Planning Association. Key findings available in University of California Transportation Center’s magazine. Dollars: $2008 US. 1 Acre = 0.4 Hectare MASS TRANSIT NEEDS MASS
- 3. Katzie 2 Katzie 1 Langley 5 Surrey White Rock Delta McMillan Island 6 Matsqui 4 Whonnock 1 North Vancouver, DM Coquitlam Greater Vancouver A Greater Vancouver A Langley, DM Langley, CY West Vancouver Bowen Island Lions Bay Pitt Meadows Maple Ridge Semiahmoo Tsawwassen Barnston Island 3 Vancouver CMA 0DSRI See map 2 3RSuODWLRQFKDQJHIURPWR EyFHQVuVWUDFW7
- 5. High Pop Growth Pop Loss Data: Statistics Canada, 2017 DENSITY DYNAMISM MASS TRANSIT SUCCESS Half of the region’s urban fabric is hollowing out due to plummeting household size in general urban areas, including some existing and proposed mass transit corridors. Inadequate density compromises mass transit cost effectiveness.
- 6. GREATER VANCOUVER TRAFFIC Congestion will remain steady and total km driven will continue to rise with the $8.5 billion Mayors’ Vision (in place prior to fall 2018). New plans risk further compromising performance. Supportive land use could bend the curve! TransLink, 2014. Regional Transportation Investments: A Vision for Metro Vancouver Transportation . See Appendix C. (With Metro Vancouver RGS population projections.)
- 7. GREATER VANCOUVER PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION GHGS Community GHG Inventory (BC Government) Projection with $8.5B Mayors’ Vision Transit Plan (TransLink) Projection without Mayors’ Vision (TransLink) GHG Targets (BC Gov, Metro Vancouver, TransLink) An $8.5 billion transit investment sustains transportation GHG growth despite laudable local, regional and provincial reduction targets. Supportive land use could bend the curve! Targets Projected Growth
- 8. Driving Distance Reduction (Vehicle KM Travelled) Transit/ActiveTravelModeShifting MAYORS VISION INVESTMENT COST EFFECTIVENESS The region’s biggest transit investments have the lowest impact per dollar on reducing driving distance and shifting modes – ostensibly the Mayors’ Vision primary objectives. Supportive land use could improve cost effectiveness. Without supportive land use, new plans would reduce cost effectiveness.. Chart: TransLink, 2014. Regional Transportation Investments: A Vision for Metro Vancouver Transportation . (Appendix C)
- 9. TransLink Metro Lynx ON Min of Transportation Transit Service Guidelines Mobility Hub Guidelines Transit Supportive Guidelines Median Density Targets* Frequency Min Riders per Hour Median Density Targets* Suggested Mode Share Minimum Density Targets* Frequency Subway / Skytrain ? 250 40% 200 ≤10 Light Rail Transit ? 200-400 30-50% 160 ≤10 Bus Rapid Transit ? 100-250 20-35% 160 ≤10 Commuter Rail ? N/A 50-200 10-25% N/A Rapid Bus (B-Line) ? ≤10 100 5 All Day Frequent 40–100 ≤15 50–60 Peak Frequent 35–80 ≤15 35–40 80 10–15 Standard 30–70 15–30 27–32 50 20–30 Basic 30–60 30–60 15–20 TransLink, 2018. Transit Service Guidelines (p 19) MetroLynx, 2011. Mobility Hub Guidelines (p. 32) Ontario Ministry of Transportation, 2012. Transit Supportive Guidelines (p 24) Land Use Planning Best Practices TransLink has new, well-developed Transit Service Guidelines for bus service. They should be strengthened with density targets for mass transit, following other jurisdictions. * All targets are combined job and resident per hectare
- 10. Land Use Planning Best Practices Residential context Single Family 25-60/ha “Hidden Density” 70-350/ha (duplex, sm lot, suite, laneway) Semi- Detached 80-275/ha Low Rise Apartments 80-300/ha Mid-High Rise Apartments 450-1400/ha Minimum Residents + Jobs/Hectare Transit Type 50 Standard 80 Frequent 100 Frequent Fast (B Line) 160 Bus Rapid Transit 160 Light Rail Transit 200 Subway/ Sky Train –Density guidelines from ON Min of Transportation Transit Supportive Guidelines. MetroLynx has similar Guidelines. -High rises are not essential to justify the most expensive infrastructure. Low rise/townhouse densities are sufficient
- 11. “Zero Cost” Congestion Carbon Management Medium density intensification around underutilized existing SkyTrain stations can contribute to significant cuts to congestion and carbon with negligible new transit infrastructure investment. These stations are 15-30 years old which should be sufficient time for intensification. Projects across North America shatter the myth: “If you build it, they will come.” Transit supportive land use policy must coupled with infrastructure plans to improve performance. In this era, stronger public policy intervention is necessary to simultaneously address affordability.
- 12. Mayors’ Council TransLink Board Recommendations Alex Boston Executive Director 1. Evaluate land use options with any new mass transit investments 2. Optimize infrastructure projects, land use plans, and phasing on key performance criteria, notably: a. Cost • Net costs (taxpayer/transit rider cost ridership revenue) household transportation spending* b. Congestion • Total KM commute time c. Carbon • Contribute to local, provincial national GHG targets 3. Include intensification of underutilized mass transit stations in updated regional plan *Transportation is the 2nd biggest household expenditure after housing, accounting for almost 20% of average B.C. household budgets (Statistics Canada, 2017). Integrated land use and transportation spending can contribute significantly to regional affordability.