Conduction Lesson 2
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This document discusses conductors and insulators. It explains that metals are good conductors of heat because their free electrons can absorb kinetic energy and transfer it throughout the metal. Insulators like wood and plastic do not have this "sea of electrons" and thus conduct heat poorly. The document then describes an experiment to test different materials as insulators by measuring how much a hot water temperature decreases over time when insulated by various materials.
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Useful Energy
Useful energy refers to energy that is transferred in the desired form and location, while wasted energy is energy that is not usefully transferred or transformed during a conversion process. According to the first law of thermodynamics, the total energy input must equal the total energy output, but some energy is always wasted due to imperfect conversions. Useful energy output is what is desired for a particular application, while wasted energy is dissipated in unwanted forms like heat.
Heat Transfer By Design Lesson 4
The document discusses heat transfer and ways to reduce heat loss from homes. It explains that heat always moves from warmer to cooler areas and names some common household devices that waste energy as heat or sound. It then discusses different insulation methods that can be used to reduce heat loss from homes, including double glazing, loft insulation, and cavity wall insulation.
Convection Lesson 3
Convection is a process of heat transfer where hotter less dense material rises and cooler, denser material sinks, causing circulation within fluids like gases and liquids. Convection occurs due to differences in density caused by variations in temperature, allowing heat to be transferred through the movement of the fluid. Examples of convection include heat transfer through gases and liquids, as well as phenomena like sea breezes that transfer heat and demonstrate the principles of convection.
Lesson 3 Variation Data Analysis
The document discusses measuring and recording heights of classmates to analyze variation within a group. It asks students to create a tally chart and bar chart of the class's heights and draw conclusions. It also discusses investigating inherited characteristics in plant varieties, such as differences in apple mass, length, and diameter that are not immediately visible, as well as important factors like disease resistance, flavor, and ripening time. Students are asked to consider what characteristics would be important for a tomato farmer to look for in seeds.
Lesson 2 Inheritance And Selection
Brothers and sisters are different because they have different sets of genes. The male and female sex cells are called sperm and egg. Genetic information is stored in DNA located in the nuclei of cells. Fertilization is the meeting and fusion of sperm and egg during sexual reproduction. This allows for the genetic information from both the male and female parents to combine and be passed on to offspring.
Lesson 6 What Is A Clone Sow
This document provides information about cloning and discusses Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal. It includes the following key points:
- Dolly the sheep died at the age of six from a progressive lung disease. A post-mortem examination was conducted.
- Dolly was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell and her birth in 1996 was a significant scientific breakthrough, but also prompted ethical debates around cloning.
- The document discusses learning objectives about cloning for children and suggests related classroom activities.
Lesson 5 Checking Progress Sow
Children should learn about inherited characteristics, fertilization, and how selective breeding can produce individuals with specific characteristics. Students work in groups to determine whether statements about genetics are true or false, and explain their reasoning. Their responses are discussed to identify challenges and summarize work, with the goals of understanding how genetic information from parents determines characteristics, why individuals from the same parents vary, and why certain animal traits are important.
Lesson 4 Sow How Are New Breeds Of Animal Produced
Selective breeding involves choosing animals with desired inherited characteristics to mate and produce offspring with those traits. Over generations, this process has resulted in the establishment of distinct breeds of animals with specific physical and behavioral traits. Breeders aim to pass on traits like working ability, appearance, or size through selective breeding to produce animals suited for particular purposes.
Lesson 3 Inheritance And Selection Sow
This document provides guidance for an activity where students investigate and compare variation within plant varieties and between varieties. Students are instructed to measure characteristics like mass, length and diameter of samples from the same variety and different varieties. They then analyze the data using tables, spreadsheets and graphs to determine whether variation is greater within or between varieties. The activity aims to teach students about data collection, recording, analysis and drawing conclusions.
Lesson 1 Inheritance And Selection Year 9 Sb
This document discusses inheritance and variation in offspring. It explains that offspring inherit characteristics from both parents but are not identical to them due to variation. Variation occurs for two reasons: some features are inherited while others are affected by the environment. The document provides examples of human variation in traits like eye color and activities for students to explore inheritance and environmental influences on traits.
Thermal Radiation Lesson Plan Lesson 1
Thermal radiation and surface radiation are discussed. Every object emits thermal radiation depending on its temperature, with hotter objects emitting more radiation. Surfaces can emit and absorb radiation. Dull black surfaces are good absorbers and emitters of radiation, while shiny surfaces reduce absorption and emission, explaining why car radiators are black and thermal blankets have shiny exteriors. The greenhouse effect occurs when gases like carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere trap the Earth's outgoing infrared radiation, warming the planet's surface.
Assessment 4 Learning
During fertilization, genetic information from both parents is combined, producing offspring that are similar but not identical. The document discusses how cells contain nuclei with genetic information that is passed down between generations. It also explains that when the male and female sex cells fuse during fertilization, a new genetically unique individual is formed. The activity asks students to diagram and explain how characteristics are inherited from parents through the fertilization process in both plants and animals.
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Lesson 4 Sow How Are New Breeds Of Animal Produced
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Conduction Lesson 2
- 2. Learning Objectives 1. To know why some materials are good insulators and others are not. 2. To know that metals are good conductors and non-metals are poor conductors
- 3. Investigating Conductivity Using different Materials (Metals and Non-metals) page 232 Bunsen Flame (Teacher Demonstration) Or (Students) Hot water in a beaker will do for this experiment
- 4. Recap States of Matter Liquid-Solid and Gases Draw the particle arrangement in each state of matter (S-L-G) Using your diagram explain why gases are not good conductors of heat.
- 5. Particle arrangement in S-L-G Solid Liquid Gas
- 6. What is the difference in particle arrangement in metals and non-metals?
- 7. Particle arrangement in Non-metals
- 8. Particles arrangement in Metals
- 9. Conduction When you heat a metal strip at one end, the heat travels to the other end. As you heat the metal, the particles vibrate, these vibrations make the adjacent particles vibrate, and so on and so on, the vibrations are passed along the metal and so is the heat. We call this... Conduction
- 11. Metals are different The outer _______ for metal atoms drift, and are free to move. When the metal is heated, this ‘Sea of electrons’ gain _____ energy and transfer it throughout the metal. Insulators, such as ___ and ____, do not have this ‘Sea of electrons’ which is why they do not conduct heat as well as metals. electrons kinetic wood plastic
- 12. Conduction in Metals All metals are good conductors of electricity . For a similar reason, they are also good conductors of heat. In metals, not only do the atoms vibrate more when heated, but the free electrons charge around more as well. These transfer the energy much faster than just vibrations in bonds.
- 13. Conduction in Non-Metals Every atom is physically bonded to each other in some way. If heat energy is supplied to one part of a solid, the atoms vibrate faster. As they vibrate more, the bonds between atoms are shaken more. This passes vibrations on to the next atom, and so on: Eventually the energy spreads throughout the solid. The overall temperature has increased.
- 14. Insulator are the opposite of conductors. True or False? Why? (use traffic light to assess) INSULATORS
- 15. Particle arrangement in Metals and Non-metals Ask a volunteer to read Conduction in Metals On page 233 Copy key point and answer Q1, Q2 and 3
- 16. Testing sheets of materials as insulators page 233 1. Use different materials to insulate identical cans (or beakers) of hot water. 2. The volume of water and its temperature at the start should be the same. 3. Use a thermometer to measure the water temperature after the same time. The result should tell you which insulator was best.
- 17. Results 1. Which material was the best thermal insulator? 2. Which variable shown in the table was controlled to make this a fair test. Materials Starting temperature (degree Celsius). Temperature after 300 s (degree Celsius) Paper 40 32 Felt 40 36
- 18. Plenary