This document provides an introduction to conditionals and their different types. It discusses the order of dependent and independent clauses in conditional sentences. It then defines the relevant verb forms used in conditionals such as present, past, future, present conditional, perfect conditional, present continuous conditional, and perfect continuous conditional. The rest of the document explains the four main types of conditionals - Type 0, Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 - including their syntax, examples, and a practice section with fill-in-the-blank questions.

1. Conditionals
-An Introduction

2. • If I work hard, I will succeed.
• Unless she gets the passport, she cannot travel abroad
• He would not sleep, until we play some music
• They are happy, as long as they are together
• He would win the election again, provided he works for the people.
When we need to express actions that are dependent on someone else doing something, or some event
happening, we use conditional sentences. These actions could be stating the obvious, and real or hypothetical
possibilities.
What are Conditionals?
The order of dependent and Independent clause can always be changed. We can mention the Dependent clause
first or choose to use the Independent clause first.
Of course, the time and
probability of actions
are represented through
verb forms… read on
about the relevant verb
forms, in the next slide

3. Relevant Verb Forms
Present
(V1)
Past (V2)
Future
(Will+ V1)
Present Conditional
(would+ V1)
Perfect Conditional
(would+ have+ past
participle(V3))
Present Continuous
Conditional (would
be+ V1ing)
Perfect Continuous
Conditional (would
have been+ V1ing)
Play Played Will Play Would play Would have played Would be playing
Would have been
playing
Sit Sat Will sit Would sit Would have sat Would be sitting
Would have been
sitting
Go Went Will go Would go Would have gone Would be going
Would have been
going
Come Came will come Would come Would have come Would be coming
Would have been
coming
Have Had Will have Would have Would have had
NA (non-continuous
verb)
NA (non-continuous
verb)

4. Types of Conditionals
Conditional Clause Main Clause Examples
Type 0 Real Possible Condition Real result When the sun shines, we feel hot
Type 1
Imaginary Condition in
Present
Real result in Future If I exercise everyday, I will lose weight
Type 2
Generic Hypothetical
statements
Expected result in Present/ Future
If I went to the market, I would buy an ice-
cream. (used for usual or expected actions)
Type 3
Hypothetical Condition in
the past
Result in Past (contradictory to
reality)
If he had practiced well, he wouldn’t have lost
the match
Mixed
Hypothetical Condition in
the past
Result in present (contradictory to
reality)
If they had helped the victim, he would be
alive now

5. Type 0
Conditional Clause Main Clause
Real Possible Condition Real result
Syntax If + Simple Present Simple Present
Examples
If we mix water and oil,
When Sachin plays,
If glass falls,
If he calls,
If I click good pictures,
When I eat an ice-cream,
When they want good food,
oil rises to the surface
everyone watches
it breaks
tell him to come in the evening
I post them online
my teeth hurt
they come to my mother

6. Type 1
Conditional Clause Main Clause
Imaginary Condition in Present Real result in Future
Syntax If + Simple Present Simple future/ modal+ simple present
Examples
If my dad comes on time,
When she completes her recital,
If they come tomorrow,
If he follows your advice,
If my sister wins the award,
When they fill up the tank,
When he registers the complaint,
we will go for a movie
we will clap loudly
we will take them for the movie
he will be successful
she may take us out for dinner
we can fill our buckets
we should support him

7. Type 2
Conditional Clause Main Clause
Generic Hypothetical statements Expected result in Present/ Future
Syntax If + Simple Past Present conditional/ present continuous conditional
Examples
If I went to the market,
If my team won,
If I was the Prime Minister,
If I knew her address,
If I had to colour the world,
If I did not go for their wedding,
If I had not met you personally,
If his sister was not confident,
I would buy an ice-cream
We would celebrate through the weekend
I would make strict rules
I would go and wish her
I would choose yellow
they would feel bad
I would not be helping you
she would not be filing the case

8. Type 3
Conditional Clause Main Clause
Hypothetical Condition in the past Result in Past (contradictory to reality)
Syntax If + Past Perfect Perfect conditional/ perfect continuous conditional
Examples
If I had gone with him
If he had given us the time
If they had focusses on the project
If you had wished on her birthday
If you hadn’t lied to me earlier
If she had not called me
If they had shared their contact
If I had known you were coming
I would have missed the bus
we would have explained the situation
they would have succeeded
she would have come to your party
I would have believed you
I would have never known
we could have invited them
I could have cooked your favourite dish

9. Mixed
Conditional Clause Main Clause
Hypothetical Condition in the past Result in present (contradictory to reality)
Syntax If + Past Perfect Present conditional
Examples
If I had cleared the test,
If I had continued to work there,
If you hadn’t saved,
If they had taken a map,
If he had taken that flight,
If my friend had played that match,
I would have my license
I would own my house by now
You wouldn’t be able to buy this dress
they wouldn’t be lost
You would be here by now
He could be in the team now

10. Let’s Practice
1. If I _________ (to study), I _________ (to pass) the exams.
2. If the sun _________ (to shine), we _________ (to walk) into town.
3. If we _________ (to take) the bus, we _________ (not/to arrive) in
time.
4. If Dick _________ (not/to buy) the book, his friends _________ (to
be) angry with him.
5. If they _________ (to have) enough money, they _________ (to
buy) a new car.
6. If you _________ (to do) a paper round, you _________ (to earn) a
little extra money.
7. If Tony _________ (to know) her phone number,
he _________ (not/to give) it to Frank.
8. If we _________ (not/to visit) this museum, we _________ (not/to
write) a good report.
9. If the police _________ (to come) earlier, they _________ (to
arrest)the burglar.
10. If you _________ (to buy) fresh green vegetable, your
salad _________ (to taste) better.
11. If Fred _________ (not/to cheat) at the test, his teacher
_________ (not/to phone) his father.
12. If I _________ (to be) in Venice, I _________ (to rent) a boat.
13. Michael's teacher _________ (to phone) his
parents if he _________ (to text) in the lesson.
14. He _________ (to help) me if he _________ (can).
15. If Andrew _________ (to prepare) the meal, I _________ (not/to
come) for dinner.
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb provided in the bracket.
Attempt individually… Noooo Cheating!!!

11. This is Just the beginning…
for an in depth study of
the topic…