FCE KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION MADE EASY

2
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this
book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or
omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the
information contained herein.
FCE KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION MADE EASY
Second edition. June 23, 2020
Copyright © 2020 D.Méndez.
Written by D.Méndez.
ISBN: 9781506665977
www.aprendeinglesenleganes.com
No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or used in any
form or by any means without the written permission of the author,
except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and
reviews

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INTRODUCTION
The Key word transformation tests a wide range of different grammatical structures and
vocabulary. You must show your ability to paraphrase using the key word and, most
importantly, keeping the meaning the same.
The difficulty lies on the great variety of grammatical structures that you need to learn in
order to do this part of the Use of English exam successfully.
You will be required to use structures such as passive tenses, conditional clauses, reported
speech, causative verbs, inverted sentences, comparatives and superlatives, phrasal verbs,
idioms, set phrases, etc. The book that you have in front of you will help you with that.
This book will help you get a better understanding of the different and most common
grammatical structures , that you will have to face when completing the Key word
transformation part of the Use of English exam.
As they say, practice makes perfect. The more Key word transformation exercises you do, the
better you will become at doing them. What’s more, over time you will get a feel for what
kind of grammatical structure or lexical item is needed for the exercise that you are doing.
To your success.
D.Méndez

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CONTENTS.
5. HOW TO DO KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION EXERCISES
7. SPECULATING ABOUT THE PRESENT
8. SPECULATING ABOUT THE PAST
9. AGO to FOR / FOR to AGO / LAST
AGO to SINCE/ SINCE to AGO - SINCE to FOR / FOR to SINCE
TOO to ENOUGH / ENOUGH to TOO
10. REPORTED SPEECH
11. ACTIVE VERB FORM to PASSIVE VERB FORM
12. INVERTED SENTENCES
13. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
14. INVERTED CONDITIONALS
15. ADJECTIVES ED to ING / ING to ED
16. COMPARATIVE – SUPERLATIVE
17. COMPARATIVE STRUCTURES - ADVERBS
18. PHRASE TO VERB - VERB TO PHRASE
19. PHRASE TO PHRASE
20. COLLOCATIONS
21. CAUSE AND EFFECT
22. EXPRESSION - DEFINITION / DEFINITION - EXPRESSION
23. CAUSATIVE VERBS
24. PHRASAL VERBS
25. PHRASAL VERBS - C1 LEVEL (LIST)
27. PHRASAL PREPOSITIONAL VERBS
29. SET PHRASES
30. COMMON C1 LEVEL PHRASES
31. VERBS FOLLOWED BY A TO-INFINITIVE
32. VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUND (ING)
33. NEGATIVE WORDS
34. MODAL VERBS
35. IDIOMS
36. PREPOSITIONAL VERBS
37. UNREAL PAST TENSES
38. VERB PATTERNS
40. FORMAL STRUCTURES
41. SENTENCES REQUIRING TWO CHANGES
42. ADJECTIVE TO NOUN / NOUN TO ADJECTIVE
43. VERB TO NOUN / NOUN TO VERB
44. LINKING WORDS
46. PHRASES / PARAPHRASING
51. 45 MOST COMMON IDIOMS
54. 45 MOST COMMON SET PHRASES
57. PREPOSITIONAL VERBS ( LIST)
62. KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION - PRACTICE EXERCISES
65. ANSWERS

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HOW TO DO KEY WORD
TRANSFORMATION EXERCISES
STEP 1 : READ BOTH SENTENCES AND UNDERLINE DUPLICATE INFORMATION.
EXAMPLE : Most people these days feel lost without their mobile phones.
IDEA
Most people these days have no idea how to manage without their mobile phones.
STEP 2 : LOOK AT THE KEY WORD GIVEN.
WHAT IS IT?
IS IT A NOUN , PREPOSITION , ADVERB , CONJUNCTION, VERB CONJUGATED,?
IS IT USED IN ANY COMMON SET PHRASES, PHRASAL VERBS, COLLOCATIONS?
STEP 3 : USING THE KEY WORD , THINK OF A WAY TO PARAPHRASE THE PART THAT YOU HAVE
NOT UNDERLINED
 Is the key word part of a phrasal verb , a set phrase, a passive sentence?
 You need to decide what part of speech the key word is, and what can go with it.
 Think about what the question tests and all the changes you need to make.
 Check you haven’t left out or added any information.
KEY WORD TYPE POSSIBLE ANSWER
ALONE - ADJ LET ALONE
ALWAYS – ADV ALWAYS ASKING ME
APART - ADV FROM
CHANCE – NOUN HAVE EVERY CHANCE TO
DESERVE – VERB (infinitive) DESERVE TO BE
DO – VERB (infinitive) DO STH UP
DOWN – ADV TAKE STH DOWN
EXCEPTION – NOUN WITH THE EXCEPTION OF
FOR – PREP HAVEN’T SEEN HIM FOR
GOOD – ADJ BE GOOD AT DOING STH
HABIT – NOUN BE IN THE HABIT OF
HEARD- VERB (P.PERFECT /PAST) HEARD FROM SB
HOW - ADV KNOW HOW TO DO
IS - VERB (PRESENT) IT IS MORE
LESS – PRONOUN, ADVERB , PREP IS LESS THAN
LET – VERB (PRESENT /PAST) LET SB DOWN
LITTLE – ADJ A LITTLE SLOWER
LOOKED- VERB (P.PERFECT /PAST) LOOKED UP TO
MOOD – NOUN BE IN THE MOOD TO
SAYING – NOUN / Verb (gerund) IT GOES WITHOUT SAYING
SETTLE – VERB (infinitive) SETTLE DOWN IN
STRIKE - VERB (infinitive) STRIKE YOU AS
SUCH – DETERMINER /PRONOUN /NOUN SUCH WAS THE FORCE OF
SWIMMER – NOUN A BETTER SWIMMER THAN
TIDY – VERB (infinitive) TIDY STH UP
TOO – ADV TOO EXPENSIVE
TURNED – VERB (P.PERFECT /PAST) TURNED DOWN
UP – ADV PICK STH /SB UP
WIDELY – ADV KNOWN

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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Zero Always true : Simple present + Simple present
1st A possibility and the possible result : Simple present + Simple future
2nd A hypothetical possibility and its possible result :
Simple past/ Present conditional OR Present continuous conditional
3rd An hypothetical past condition its possible result in the past :
Past perfect + Perfect conditional
Conditional Conjunctions :
As long as / so long as / provided (that) / on (the) condition that / unless / only if /
If / in the event of / in case of, etc / WOULD, WERE, IF , BECAUSE, SHOULD.
You are not allowed to stay in the country unless you get a visa.
ONLY
You can...only stay in the .....country if you get a visa. Zero
I won't wash the dishes unless you help me.
LONG
I'll wash the dishes ...as long as you ....help me. 1st
I’ll lend you money on condition that you pay me back next week.
IF
Only...if you pay me back... next week will I lend you money. 1st
I'll do the ironing , if you tidy up the room.
PROVIDED
I'll do the ironing ...provided that you ... tidy up the room. 1st
I think you should ask the boss for a pay rise.
WERE
If ...I were you I would....ask the boss for a pay rise. 2nd
I would like to buy a bran-new car , but I need to win the lottery.
WOULD
If I ....won the lottery I would...buy a brand-new car. 2nd
You're angry because you seem to care what she thinks about you.
YOU
If ..you didn’t care ...what she thinks about you, you wouldn't be angry. 2nd neg
I did it because I thought it would be interesting.
DONE
I ...wouldn’t have done it .. if I had thought it wasn’t interesting. 3rd
Once I read his letter , I understood why he had left the company.
ONLY
It .... was only after I had read ... his letter that I understood why he had left the company.
Key words :
WOULD, WERE, IF , BECAUSE, SHOULD, LONG, AS, ONLY, PROVIDED, CONDITION, UNLESS, EVENT, CASE.

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INVERTED CONDITIONALS
SHOULD - 1st
CONDITIONAL If you + verb = should you + verb
If you need more information, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Should you need more information, please do not hesitate to contact me.
WERE - 2nd
CONDITIONAL If I were = Were I
If I were you, I think I would study more for your exam tomorrow.
Were I you, I think I would study more for your exam tomorrow.
HAD - 3rd
CONDITIONAL If I had done = Had I done
If I had known it would be so easy, I would have done it ages ago.
Had I known it would be so easy, I would have done it ages ago.
In negative clauses with inversion, we don't use contracted forms:
Had the people not been informed, the situation would have been much worse.
ADVANCED CONDITIONALS
BUT FOR (phrase) = if it were not for/if it had not been for
Used for saying that something would have happened if something else or someone had not
prevented it.
 He would have played but for a knee injury.
IF + WERE TO
In formal situations, we can use if + were to when we talk about things that might happen but which
we think are unlikely.
 If he were to fail his driving test tomorrow, he would have to take it again.
If you applied now, there's a good chance you would get the job.
APPLY
Were ......you to apply now........ , there's a good chance you would get the job.
I didn't know about your problem so I didn't offer to help.
KNOWN
Had ...I known about your problem.... , I would have offered to help.
I didn’t crash the car thanks to your warning.
BUT
I would ............have crashed the car but for ............your warning.
The snow prevented us from arriving on time.
BEEN
We would have arrived on time.... had it not been for/ if it had not been for .... the snow.
There is a phone in each room, in case you want to leave earlier.
SHOULD
There is a phone in each room should you want to leave/ if you should want to leave earlier.

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CAUSE AND EFFECT
Result from, result in, cause someone to do something, be caused by sth, lead to sth, bring
something about, have the effect of, as a result of, as a consequence of, owing to, on the
grounds of, because, be to blamed for sth, etc.
My neck feels much better since I bought that new pillow.
REFUND
Buying that new pillow... has resulted in my neck feeling ... much better.
Production was very low, so they decided to close down the factory.
RESULTED
The closure of the factory ...resulted from production being ...very low.
He lost his job because he wasn’t efficient.
GROUNDS
He lost his job ... on the grounds of ... his inefficiency.
I couldn’t finish the race, because I injured my ankle.
PREVENTED
I .... was prevented from finishing ... the race by an injury to my ankle.
Because of its anti-inflammatory properties, ginger helps to keep mouth tissue healthy.
EFFECT
Ginger has ... the effect of helping ... to keep mouth tissue healthy because of its anti-
inflammatory properties
The accident was caused by severe weather conditions.
BLAME
Severe weather conditions ... were to blame for ... the accident.
Heart disease can be caused by prolonged stress.
LEAD
Prolonged stress can ... lead to illness such ... as heart disease.
Key words : Nouns (effect, consequence, grounds, etc.)
Verbs ( caused, lead, bring , owing to, resulted, etc,)
Conjunctions /adverbs( because, due to, since, as, so, therefore, etc. )

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VERBS FOLLOWED BY A TO-INFINITIVE
ADVISE, AFFORD,AGREE,APPEAR,ARRANGE,ASK,ATTEMPT,BEG,CAN/CAN’T,CAN/CAN’T,WAIT,CARE,CHANCE,
CHOOSE,CLAIM,COME,CONSENT,DARE,DECIDE,DEMAND,DESERVE,DETERMINE,ELECT,ENDEAVOR,EXPECT,
FAIL,FORGET,GET,GROW (UP),GUARANTEE,HATE,HELP,HESITATE,HOPE,HURRY,INCLINE,INTEND,LEARN,LIKE
LOVE,MANAGE,MEAN (= INTEND),NEED,NEGLECT,OFFER,OUT,PAY,PLAN,PREFER,PREPARE,PRETEND,
PROFESS,PROMISE,PROVE,REFUSE,REMAIN,REMEMBER,REQUEST,RESOLVE,SAY,SEEK,SEEM,SHUDDER
STRIVE,STRUGGLE,SWEAR,TEND,THREATEN,TRY,TURN,VENTURE,VOLUNTEER,WAIT,WANT,WISH,WOULD
LIKE/LOVE,YEARN
His GP advised him against drinking alcohol.
NOT
His GP advised him... not to drink ...alcohol.
He acted as if he had not seen me.
PRETENDED
He ...pretended not to have seen... me.
We are thinking about going to London next month.
TO
We are... planning to go to ...London next month.
He said that he would help with the project.
PROMISED
He ...promised to help ...with the project.
He said he would lend me some money.
AGREED
He has... agreed to lend ...me some money.
People need to acquire new skills.
IMPORTANT
It’s... important for people to acquire... new skills.
I’m looking forward to visiting you next month.
WAIT
I ...can’t wait to visit ...you next month.
telling him that the meeting has ben cancelled.
TELL
I ...forgot to tell him that ....the meeting has been cancelled.
After six years of training, he became really good at playing tennis.
LEARNT
He...learnt to play tennis really well... , after six years of training.

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VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUND (ING)
ABHOR, ACKNOWLEDGE, ADMIT, ADVISE ,ALLOW ,ANTICIPATE, APPRECIATE, AVOID, BE WORTH, CAN’T HELP,
CELEBRATE, CONFESS, CONSIDER, DEFEND, DELAY, DENY, DETEST, DISCONTINUE, DISCUSS, DISLIKE, DISPUTE,
DREAD, ENDURE, ENJOY, EVADE, EXPLAIN, FANCY, FEAR, FEEL, LIKE, FEIGN, FINISH, FORGIVE, GIVE UP (STOP),
HELP, KEEP (CONTINUE), MENTION, MIND (OBJECT TO), MISS, NECESSITATE, OMIT, PERMIT, PICTURE,
POSTPONE, PRACTICE, PREVENT, RECALL, RECOLLECT, RECOMMEND, REGRET, REPORT,RESENT, RESIST,
RESUME,RISK, SHIRK , SHUN, STOP, SUGGEST, SUPPORT, TOLERATE, UNDERSTAND, URGE, WARRANT.
He said he didn’t steal the car.
DENIED
He ..denied stealing /having stolen ...the car
She said she was the one who had made the mistake.
ADMITTED
She ...admitted making /having made.. the mistake
If only I had not waited for so long.
REGRET
I ...regret having waited / waiting for so long.
I try no to eat too late at night.
AVOID
I try... to avoid eating ...too late at night.
When the wall is finished, I’ll let you know.
FINISH
When ...I finish painting the wall... , I’ll let you know.
He barely managed not to be run over by a bus.
ESCAPED
He... barely escaped (from) being run ...over by a bus.
Is it OK if I smoke here?
MIND
Do ...you mind me/my smoking... here?
I like to play football at the weekend.
ENJOY
I ...enjoy playing ...football at the weekend.
I find it difficult not to laugh every time I remember what happened.
HELP
I... can’t help laughing ...every time I remember what happened.
KEYWORDS :
Deny, admit, regret, stop, prevent, cannot help, enjoy, mind, escape, finish, avoid, etc.

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NEGATIVE WORDS
No , not, neither, never, hardly, no one, nobody, none, nor, nothing, nowhere:
 They’ve never tried apple pie before.
 Nobody helped me to do the dishes.
 None of my friends came to the party.
 There was no food left in the fridge.
Susan is much more interesting than Jane.
NOTHING
Jane is...... nothing like as interesting .....as Susan.
There are many other girls that are just as beautiful as she is.
ANY
She isn’t ....any more beautiful than ......most other girls.
I only just managed to pass the exam.
HARDLY
I ...hardly managed to ...pass the exam.
You can’t expect to pass your exam if you don’t study.
HARDLY
You ...can hardly expect ...to pass your exam ,if you don’t study.
It so dark in the room that I almost couldn't see anything.
BARELY
It was so dark in the room that I ..could barely see anything.
Julie and he husband don't like playing chess.
NOR
Neither ...Julie nor her husband ...like playing chess..
Learning Judo and BJJ is similar in terms of difficulty.
MORE
Learning Judo is... no more difficult than ...learning BJJ.
Your computer isn’t nearly as good as mine.
NEAR
Your Computer... is nowhere near as ...good as mine.
I don’t want anybody to overhear what I’m saying..
NOBODY
I ...want nobody to overhear... what I’m saying.
KEYWORDS : as ..as , much more, almost, nearly , anybody, ever, similar, can’t expect, only just ,
isn’t nearly as, anyone , anything / Not anything : nothing/ Any : no
Anybody , anyone : no one , nobody / Not ever : never / Not any : none

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MODAL VERBS
Can , could , may , might , shall , should , will , would
MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS : have to , ought to , need , used to , dare
It is (not) a good idea : You should/ shouldn’t /ought to / ought not to
It was careless of (you) : You shouldn’t / you ought not to
It was not necessary : You needn’t have + past participle
You can’t : You mustn’t / you are not allowed
She couldn’t : She was not able to...
They were expected to : They should have...
If I were you I would/ wouldn’t : You should- shouldn’t / you ought (not) to
You are not allowed to smoke indoors at any time.
MUST
You ...mustn’t smoke ..indoors at any time.
I did the dishes by hand , which wasn’t necessary since there was a dishwasher.
HAVE
I ..needn’t have washed the dishes by hand since there was a dishwasher.
There is a good chance of him winning a gold medal very soon.
WIN
He... could win a ...gold medal very soon.
The teacher will expect you to arrive on time for class.
HAVE
You ..will have to arrive on time for class.
You should stop smoking .
TO
You... ought to stop ...smoking.
She wasn’t able to speak German until she took an intensive course.
NOT
She... could not speak ...German until she took an intensive course
I passed my Italian exam without studying.
NEED
I…didn’t need to study …to pass my Italian exam.
I suggest that you finish your test within the time allowed.
SHOULD
You …should finish your test... within the time allowed.
When I was little, I would play football every weekend.
USED
I..used to play footbal every ...weekend when I was little.
KEYWORDS: must, may, should, ought, to, have, can , can’t, could, not, past participle

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UNREAL PAST TENSES
When we want to talk about an unreal situation , we can use the past tense to do so.
When using an unreal past tense , we use the verb in the past, but we are actually talking about something
that never happen. The same happens in conditional sentences when stating hypothetical situations.
if only , I wish , supposing , rather , sooner , prefer, had better, It’s about time, It’s high time, it’s
time for you.
I’d like to know what time the party starts.
WISH
I ...wish I knew ...what time the party starts.
If you want to go home , you should wait until the rain stops.
HAD
You...had better wait ...until the rain stops , if you want to go home.
ONLY
If...only I had helped him to ...move home.
I’d prefer you not to smoke in my house.
RATHER
I...would rather you didn’t ...smoke in my house.
It was a shame you didn’t pass the exam. It’s a pity I can’t stay two days more.
WISH ONLY
I...wish you had passed ...the exam. If...only I could stay ...two days more.
It will be better if you get up at 7 a.m. tomorrow.
SOONER
I... would sooner you got up ...at 7 a.m. tomorrow.
We ought to go home now.It’s getting late.
TIME
It is ... about time we went ...home. It’s getting late.
If you heard him speak, you’d think he is an expert.
IF
He spoke ...as if he were... an expert.
Kevin doesn't feel like going out tonight. He is just a clerk but acts like he is the boss.
RATHER THOUGH
Kevin... would rather not go... out tonight. He...acts as though ...he is the boss
Edgar doesn't like watching television as much as he likes playing chess.
RATHER
Edgar prefers... playing chess rather than watching ...television.
Key words :
If, only , wish , supposing , rather , sooner , prefer, had, better, about, high, time, though, were.

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VERB PATTERNS
Different verbs have different patterns, so the structure of the clause depends on the verb.
These are some of the most common patterns :
Verb + to infinitive Verb + to infinitive or that clause
I want to go to the beach. He demanded to know what was happening.
The panel demanded that the report be made public.
Verb + object + to infinitive Verb + ing
I need you to help me. I don’t mind staying at home tonight
I recommend writing your feelings down on paper.
Verb + preposition + ing Would + rather + bare infinitive (without to)
Michael is thinking about going... I’d rather stay at home tonight.
Verb + object+ preposition + ing Would + rather + object + past simple
Stop someone from doing something I’d rather you didn’t go out tonight.
Talk someone into doing something
Verb + object + past participle Verb + object + to infinitive
I had my hair cut yesterday. Cause someone to do something
Verb + object + bare infinitive (without to) Phrasal verb + object + to infinitive
I had a mechanic repair my car. Count on someone to do something
Verb + to + ing Phrasal verb + object + ing
He is used to getting up early. She insisted on us leaving the train
Auxiliary verb + verb + it + if + object + simple past
I would prefer it if you didn’t smoke in here.
Had+ better+ bare infinitive (without to)
I'd better not leave my bag there. Someone might steal it
Verb + object + bare infinitive (without to)
She let me look at the photos.
Modal verb + bare infinitive (without to)
We can take the train to Birmingham.
You should study for your exam.
Verb + that clause + object + bare infinitive (without to)
I recommend (that) you go on a diet.
I suggest (that) we wait a while before we decide...
Subject + simple past
It’s about/high time you learned how to use...
I’d rather you paid me now.
If only I were more powerful.
I wish I were younger.

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VERB TO NOUN
NOUN TO VERB
EXPLANATION- EXPLAIN
His essay doesn't have a clear enough explanation of the main point to be awarded top
marks.
CLEARLY
His essay doesn't ..... explain the main point clearly enough.... to be awarded top marks.
REVISED - REVISION
The guidelines for the appointment of new staff need to be thoroughly revised.
THOROUGH
There needs.... to be a thorough revision of ...the guidelines for the appointment of new
staff.
EXPLAIN- EXPLANATION
There must be a simple way to explain what happened.
BOUND
There is .... bound to be a simple explanation.... for what happened.
ROSE- RISE
The employment rate rose gradually as the economy began to recover.
GRADUAL
There ....was a gradual rise in .....the employment rate as the economy began to recover
OBJECT - OBJECTIONS
Local residents didn’t object to the proposed development.
TO
There were... no objections from local residents to ... the proposed development.
DECIDE - DECISION
Liam really should decide where to invest his money.
MADE
It's high time.... Liam made a decision about ....where to invest his money.
INTENDED - INTENTION
I originally intended to drive but the bad weather caused me to change my mind.
WAS
My ..original intention was to ... drive but the bad weather caused me to change me mind.

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LINKING WORDS
Linking words help us to connect ideas and sentences. We can use linking words to give examples,
add information, summarise, sequence information, give a reason or result, or to contrast ideas.
Adding information
Also
And
Apart from
As well as
Besides
Furthermore
In addition
In addition to
Moreover
Too
What’s more
Giving reasons
As
Because
Because of
Due to / due to the
fact that
On account of
On the grounds of
On the grounds that
Owing to / owing to
the fact that
Since
Seeing that
In the light of
In view of
Giving a result
As a result
As a consequence
Consequently
So
Therefore
This means that
Contrasting ideas
Although / even
though
But
Despite / despite the
fact that
Even so
However
In contrast
In spite of / in spite
of the fact that
In theory… in
practice…
Regardless
Nevertheless
Nonetheless
Then again
Unlike
Whereas
While
Yet
Condition
After
As a consequence of
As a result of
As long as
As soon as
Assuming
Because
Before
But for
Even if
If
If only
In the event that
Once
Only if
On the condition that
Provided (that)
Providing
Unless
Until
When
Whenever
Wherever
Whether
Comparison
As with
By the same token
Comparable
Comparatively
In the same way
Just as… so too
Likewise
Similarly
Emphasis
Absolutely
Admittedly
Clearly
Definitely
Especially
Generally
Importantly
In fact
In particular
Indeed
Never
Obviously
Particularly
Undoubtedly
Without doubt
Purpose
For
For fear of
For fear that
In order that
In order to
So as to
So that
To

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PHRASES / PARAPHRASING
There is no point in doing... / It is not worth doing.../ It’s no use doing... / ... is a waste of time...
There is no point in waiting any longer.He is not going to come.
WORTH
It ...is not worth waiting ... any longer.He is not going to come.
There is no point in waiting any longer.He is not going to come.
USE
It ...is no use waiting ... any longer.He is not going to come.
Be about to do../ be on the verge of doing.../ be on the point of doing...
I was about to leave when you call me on the phone.
VERGE
I was ...on the verge of leaving ...when you call me on the phone.
I was about to leave when you call me on the phone.
POINT
I was ...on the point of leaving ...when you call me on the phone.
There is no way sb will do sth / Sb has no intention of doing sth.
Sb has no thought of doing sth.
There is no way I’m helping you after what you did to me.
INTENTION
I ...have no intention of helping ...you after what you did to me.
There is no way I’m helping you after what you did to me
THOUGHT
I ...have no thought of helping ...you after what you did to me.
Sb has a good reputation.../ Sb is highly regarded...
Sb is highly thought of .../ Sb is highly spoken of ...
John has a good reputation among his fellow workers.
REGARDED
John...is highly regarded ...among his fellow workers.
THOUGHT
John... is highly thought of ...among his fellow workers.
SPOKEN
John... is highly spoken of ...among his fellow workers.

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45 MOST COMMON SET PHRASES
1. AS FAR AS I AM CONCERNED – in my opinion / to the degree that it affects me.
As far as I’m concerned , you can start tomorrow.
2. AS FAR AS I KNOW – according to the information that I have.
He is French , as far as I know.
3. BE ABOUT TO DO STH – be ready to start doing something very soon.
I was just about to leave when you phoned me.
4. BEAR/KEEP SOMETHING IN MIND – consider sth before doing sth else.
Keep in mind your budget when making arrangements for your holidays.
5. BE ON THE POINT OF DOING STH – be ready to start doing something very soon.
I was on the point of starting my speech when someone’s phone rang.
6. BE ON THE VERGE OF DOING STH – be ready to start doing something very soon.
They were on the verge of getting a divorce after 15 years of marriage.
7. BE OUT OF THE QUESTION – Something cannot happen / it is not possible
It’s raining , so going for a walk with the kids is out of the question.
8. BE UNDER THE(MISTAKEN) IMPRESSION /BELIEF THAT –
to think that sth is true usually when that’s no the case
I was under the impression that I was already hired.
She asked him out because she was under the mistaken belief that he was single.
9. BE UP /DOWN TO SB - Be someone’s responsibility to do sth
It’s up to the president to decide the next course of action.
It’s down to John to make all the arrangements for the meeting.
10.BE WORTH IT – be sth that will give you good results despite difficulties.
It took me eight years to get my black belt in Judo, but it’s been worth it.
11.BE WORTH ONE’S WHILE – be worth the time or effort sb spends doing sth.
It’s not worth my while talking to her. She may be beautiful but she is very boring.
12.BEYOND/WITHOUT A SHADOW OF A DOUBT - There is no doubt that sth is true.
He is , without a shadow of a doubt , the best player I’ve ever seen
13.CHANGE ONE’S MIND - change your opinion about something.
I eventually changed my mind and agreed to go to the party with them.
14.DO /TRY ONE’S BEST - – Do sth as best you can.
If you do your best and fail, you can’t have any regrets.
15.FEE LIKE ( DOING) SOMETHING – to want to do sth .
He didn’t feel like going clubbing last weekend.

28
PREPOSITIONAL VERBS
ABOUT
1. argue about
2. be about to do sth
3. boast about
4. care about
5. complain about
6. be concerned about
7. dream about/of
8. feel about
9. forget about
10. grumble about
11. hear about
ABOVE
1. punch above one’s weight
2. rear above sth/sb
3. rise above sth
4. tower above sth/sb
AFTER
1. ask after sb
2. clean after sb
3. go after sb /sth
4. hanker after sth
5. hunger after ath
6. inquire after sth
AGAINST
1. come up against sth
2. decide against
3. fight against
4. gang up against
5. have sth against sb
6. hold out against
7. hold sth against sb
8. insure against
12. joke about
13. know about
14. laugh about
15. quarrel about
16. talk about/of
17. think about/of
18. tell sb about sth
19. remind sb about sth
20. write to sb about sth
21. warn sb about sth
22. worry about
23. wonder about
ACROSS
1. come across sth/sb
2. cut across sth
3. drape sth across sth
4. get sth across
5. put sth across
6. put yourself across
7. run across sth/sb
8. stumble across
7. look after sb/sth
8. lust after sb /sth
9. name sb after sb/sth
10. pant after sth/sb
11. run after sb/sth
12. take after sb
9. pit sth/sb against sth/sb
10. react against
11. run against
12. run up against
13. square off against
14. warn against
15. compete against

29
KEY WORD
TRANSFORMATION
EXERCISES
1. You really should start looking for a job.
HIGH
It ………………………………………………. for a job.
2. He can barely bench press 40 kg , so he certainly wouldn’t be able to bench press 100
kg.
ALONE
He would struggle to ………………………………………………………100 kg.
3. I didn’t get the impression that they were very friendly.
STRIKE
They ………………………………………………………………………..very friendly.
4. He didn’t seem to be very worried about the problem.
STRUCK
He never ……………………………….. at all worried about the problem.
5. Of course I wanted to win, but it is not always possible.
SAYING
It ……………………………………….I wanted to win, but it is not always possible.

FCE KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION MADE EASY

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