This document provides an overview and direction for conducting building condition assessments. It defines key terms like maintenance, preventive maintenance, deferred maintenance, and operations and maintenance. The objectives of condition assessments are to serve as a physical inventory, inform asset valuation by determining deferred maintenance, and identify future work needs. Condition assessments should be coordinated with other required surveys and integrated when possible. The document provides guidance on scheduling assessments and focusing on major repair items over minor ones. The foremost objectives are having standardized inspections, care standards, and cost estimates.
Earned value analysis is a project monitoring technique that compares the planned value, earned value, and actual cost of a project. Planned value refers to the budgeted cost of planned work, earned value is the budgeted cost of work actually completed, and actual cost is the real cost of completed work. Variances between these three values can identify if a project is over or under budget and ahead or behind schedule. Tracking variances over time allows project managers to determine the health of a project and take corrective actions if needed.
COST AND TIME CONTROL OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS_TKAJTapesh Ajmera
This document discusses factors that inhibit effective cost and time control on construction projects and measures to mitigate them. It identifies common issues like design changes, risks and uncertainties, inaccurate project duration estimates, complex work, and non-performing subcontractors. For each issue, it provides examples of preventive, predictive, corrective, and organizational measures that can be implemented. For instance, to address inaccurate estimates, it suggests preparing schedules using experienced planners with construction knowledge rather than relying on gut feelings. The document aims to help improve project cost and schedule performance through better risk management and control practices.
The document describes a case study example of how earned value management (EVM) can be used to effectively monitor and manage a project. In the case, a project was given a budget of Rs. 1 million to produce 10 units over 18 months. After 3 months, a status report showed the team was slightly behind schedule but on budget. However, by employing EVM techniques and measuring planned value, earned value, and actual costs, it was revealed that the project was significantly over budget and behind schedule. This allowed corrective actions to be taken early to get the project back on track.
Este manual proporciona información sobre construcción de albañilería confinada para maestros de obra. Explica los componentes estructurales clave como cimentación, muros portantes y su función para soportar peso y fuerzas sísmicas. También describe la importancia de tener una densa red de muros en ambas direcciones para resistir sacudidas laterales durante terremotos.
This document discusses different methods for manufacturing precast concrete components, including factory prefabrication, site precasting, and semi-mechanized and fully-mechanized production. It describes the main processes like forming, reinforcement, pouring, curing, and demolding, as well as auxiliary processes needed for production. Transportation of components and their erection are also outlined. The document classifies manufacturing methods as either stationary "stand" molds or moving "flow" molds in an assembly line.
The document summarizes the key parts that make up construction contract documents. It describes the drawings, specifications, project manual, bidding documents, addenda, contract forms and conditions, modifications, and bidding requirements. The drawings provide graphic representations and details. Specifications define qualitative requirements verbally. The project manual includes contract forms, conditions, and administrative documents. Bidding documents and addenda provide information for contractors to bid on the work. The assembled package forms the contract documents that govern the project.
This document discusses project cost management processes from Chapter 7 of the PMBOK Guide 5th Edition. It covers the four main processes: plan cost management, estimate costs, determine budget, and control costs. Plan cost management involves developing policies and procedures for managing project costs. Estimate costs is the process of estimating the monetary resources needed for project activities. Determine budget aggregates the activity cost estimates to establish an approved cost baseline. Control costs monitors project performance and updates project costs by managing changes to the cost baseline.
Earned value analysis is a project monitoring technique that compares the planned value, earned value, and actual cost of a project. Planned value refers to the budgeted cost of planned work, earned value is the budgeted cost of work actually completed, and actual cost is the real cost of completed work. Variances between these three values can identify if a project is over or under budget and ahead or behind schedule. Tracking variances over time allows project managers to determine the health of a project and take corrective actions if needed.
COST AND TIME CONTROL OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS_TKAJTapesh Ajmera
This document discusses factors that inhibit effective cost and time control on construction projects and measures to mitigate them. It identifies common issues like design changes, risks and uncertainties, inaccurate project duration estimates, complex work, and non-performing subcontractors. For each issue, it provides examples of preventive, predictive, corrective, and organizational measures that can be implemented. For instance, to address inaccurate estimates, it suggests preparing schedules using experienced planners with construction knowledge rather than relying on gut feelings. The document aims to help improve project cost and schedule performance through better risk management and control practices.
The document describes a case study example of how earned value management (EVM) can be used to effectively monitor and manage a project. In the case, a project was given a budget of Rs. 1 million to produce 10 units over 18 months. After 3 months, a status report showed the team was slightly behind schedule but on budget. However, by employing EVM techniques and measuring planned value, earned value, and actual costs, it was revealed that the project was significantly over budget and behind schedule. This allowed corrective actions to be taken early to get the project back on track.
Este manual proporciona información sobre construcción de albañilería confinada para maestros de obra. Explica los componentes estructurales clave como cimentación, muros portantes y su función para soportar peso y fuerzas sísmicas. También describe la importancia de tener una densa red de muros en ambas direcciones para resistir sacudidas laterales durante terremotos.
This document discusses different methods for manufacturing precast concrete components, including factory prefabrication, site precasting, and semi-mechanized and fully-mechanized production. It describes the main processes like forming, reinforcement, pouring, curing, and demolding, as well as auxiliary processes needed for production. Transportation of components and their erection are also outlined. The document classifies manufacturing methods as either stationary "stand" molds or moving "flow" molds in an assembly line.
The document summarizes the key parts that make up construction contract documents. It describes the drawings, specifications, project manual, bidding documents, addenda, contract forms and conditions, modifications, and bidding requirements. The drawings provide graphic representations and details. Specifications define qualitative requirements verbally. The project manual includes contract forms, conditions, and administrative documents. Bidding documents and addenda provide information for contractors to bid on the work. The assembled package forms the contract documents that govern the project.
This document discusses project cost management processes from Chapter 7 of the PMBOK Guide 5th Edition. It covers the four main processes: plan cost management, estimate costs, determine budget, and control costs. Plan cost management involves developing policies and procedures for managing project costs. Estimate costs is the process of estimating the monetary resources needed for project activities. Determine budget aggregates the activity cost estimates to establish an approved cost baseline. Control costs monitors project performance and updates project costs by managing changes to the cost baseline.
brief explanation about methods and safety measures in demolition of buildings
i hope this will help you know the demolition safety factors.
thank you
suggestions to:-
vamsiila@gmail.com +91 9581202355
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY(For 4h semester B.Tech Degree Students Under Kerala Technological University)
VISHNU VIJAYAN
HOD-Department Of Civil Engineering
Baselios Mathews II College Of Engineering Sasthamcotta, Kollam,Kerala,INDIA.
The document discusses various techniques for estimating costs and timelines for software projects, including:
- Cost estimation should be done throughout the software development life cycle to continually refine estimates.
- Common metrics for estimating include person-days, person-months, and person-years.
- Methods like expert judgement, top-down estimating, bottom-up estimating, and parametric formulae can be used.
- PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) uses optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic estimates to calculate expected time.
- Gantt charts can be used for project scheduling and identifying critical paths.
- Budgeting rather than estimating is recommended for strategic decisions to reduce risks of cost overruns
The document introduces project execution and the need to develop a Project Execution Plan to outline responsibilities and procedures for delivering agreed upon project outputs, as the plan expands on the Project Business Plan by specifying day-to-day management controls. A Project Execution Plan is developed when a project proposal is approved, and requires knowledge of developing detailed project plans, schedules, quality procedures, reporting, purchasing if needed, risk management, and cost control. The main outputs of project planning include the project execution plan and controls, progress reports, action item logs, project cost control, training plans, risk logs, and lessons learned.
This is a short paper presentation on project construction supervisor and supervision delivered to a body professionals in the construction industry in a seminar at Lagos state, Nigeria in May, 2015.
The document provides an overview of key financial statements for construction companies:
1) The income statement shows a company's revenues, costs, expenses and profits over a period of time, allowing assessment of profitability.
2) The balance sheet presents a company's assets, liabilities and equity at a point in time, providing a snapshot of its financial position. Assets include current assets like cash and long-term assets like property. Liabilities include current debts and long-term loans. Equity represents the owners' capital investment.
3) Financial statements are important for reflecting a construction company's financial health and whether its business is profitable. The income statement and balance sheet, and their analysis, can inform decision
The document outlines a 7 step project execution process (PEP) that includes project planning, engineering, procurement & logistics, installation, integration, start-up, and operation & handover. The project planning step involves presales meetings with the customer, internal project analysis, and a final sales meeting. Internal project analysis delivers documents to various groups covering figures, plans, quality, procurement, and more. The PEP is used to develop company-specific tools and techniques to implement projects, track them, identify bottlenecks, and ensure successful outcomes.
The document outlines the general provisions of an FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Construction contract. It defines key terms, establishes that the contract will be governed by the law of the country stated in the Contract Data, and addresses communications between parties, priority of documents, assignment, care and supply of documents, confidential details, compliance with laws, and inspections. It also describes the roles and responsibilities of the Employer and Engineer in overseeing the project.
This document discusses cost management and control techniques for construction projects. It defines different types of costs including direct, indirect, fixed, and variable costs. It then explains various project selection techniques such as return on investment, internal rate of return, net present value, benefit-cost ratio, opportunity cost, and payback period. The document provides examples of how to use each technique to select projects. It also discusses future value and present value calculations. Finally, it covers key aspects of project cost management including estimating costs, determining budgets, and controlling costs.
This document discusses types of construction projects and project management in the context of construction. It outlines four main types of construction projects: residential, institutional/commercial, specialized industrial, and infrastructure/heavy construction. It then provides details on the construction project life cycle and key aspects of project management for construction, including work breakdown structures, Gantt charts, and the role of the project manager.
Purpose, Need, Importance, Methods, Causes and types of defects in buildings, Preparation of report on maintenance work, Remedial measures and execution procedure of any one, Types of building maintenance work.
Role of building information modelling bim in quantity surveying practiceIAEME Publication
The document discusses the role of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in quantity surveying practice. It notes that while BIM has been widely adopted by designers and contractors, quantity surveyors have been slower to adopt it. BIM allows for automated quantity take-offs and bill of quantities preparation, reducing errors and saving time compared to traditional manual methods. The document conducts a literature review on how BIM could transform the roles and responsibilities of quantity surveyors by streamlining cost estimation and management tasks throughout the project lifecycle. It aims to help train quantity surveyors to adapt to future industry changes enabled by widespread BIM implementation.
The Art of Planning and Writing Specifications and Requirements Thomas Tanel
One of the most difficult tasks that purchasers face is converting user or internal customer needs to new specifications and requirements. For most, it’s easier said than done, while others simply dread the thought of constructing a Statement of Work. Failure to develop a properly defined scope of work, specification, or requirement may mean the solicitation will need to be abandoned and repeated with corrections. Purchasers who are involved in putting together specifications, requirements, or SOWs need to be aware that it is worth the investment, time, and effort to create a high quality outcome. Thus, it is important that purchasers understand the importance of good specifications and requirements, as well as their contractual and practical significance.
This presentation will offer you practical techniques, tools, and process methods for constructing effective specifications, requirements, and SOWs.
Key areas of focus that will be discussed in this workshop are:
Internal customer or user needs
The importance of a scope of work
SOWs and work requirements
The Statement of Work
Writing specifications and requirements
Barring truly new ideas
Stimulation the flow of ideas
most people adopt somewhat casual and haphazard approach to the generation of project ideas. To stimulate the flow of ideas, the following are helpful: SWOT Analysis
Clear Articulation of Objectives
Forecasting a conductive climate
This document provides information about an estimating and costing course being taught at YBP Sawantwadi Institute. It includes details like the course code, name of the faculty teaching the course, academic year, units covered in the course, course outcomes, and syllabus. The key points are:
- The course is Estimating and Costing with code 22503, being taught in academic year 2020-2021 by faculty member Keshav Ramdas Manerikar.
- The course has 5 units covering fundamentals of estimating, approximate estimates, detailed estimates, rate analysis, and estimating for civil works.
- Upon completing the course, students will be able to prepare estimates, justify rates, use estimating
This document provides an overview of a presentation on project controls. The presentation covers topics like understanding project controls, the project control process, scope controls, cost controls, time controls, quality controls, and other areas. It is designed to be viewed rather than presented verbally, so the slides contain more explanatory text than is normal. The presentation has over 50 slides and is aimed at project management professionals.
Principles of building construction, information and communicationmichael mcewan
Construction drawings, also known as plans, blueprints, or working drawings, show what is to be built while specifications focus on materials, installation techniques, and quality standards. Drawings are typically drawn to scale with block plans at 1:2500, site plans at 1:500, and floor plans and sectional details at 1:100 or 1:10. Drawing hatchings are used to represent materials. Levels and datums refer to positions above sea level and provide reference points for accurate measurements during construction using techniques like spirit levels, water levels, and laser levels.
Project cost management involves planning, estimating, budgeting, and controlling costs throughout a project's lifecycle. It is important for project managers to emphasize realistic cost estimates, understand principles like profits and cash flow, and classify costs as direct, indirect, tangible, or intangible. Using tools like life cycle costing and establishing reserves can help project managers stay on budget.
This document discusses best practices for facility renewal planning. It recommends using a facility condition assessment or mathematical model to determine appropriate spending levels and identify needed capital expenditures. A detailed engineering survey provides the most accurate information but is also the most costly. The document emphasizes that facility renewal involves replacing building subsystems and components at the end of their lifespan, rather than ongoing maintenance, to ensure facilities are properly supported over the long term.
The document discusses reliability in asset management and maintenance. It defines reliability as machines producing quality output at design capacity for their lifetime. It discusses moving from reactive to proactive maintenance through a culture change. Key aspects are implementing preventive, predictive, and proactive maintenance approaches and using metrics to measure inputs and outputs. Case studies demonstrate benefits of condition monitoring to avoid breakdowns.
brief explanation about methods and safety measures in demolition of buildings
i hope this will help you know the demolition safety factors.
thank you
suggestions to:-
vamsiila@gmail.com +91 9581202355
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY(For 4h semester B.Tech Degree Students Under Kerala Technological University)
VISHNU VIJAYAN
HOD-Department Of Civil Engineering
Baselios Mathews II College Of Engineering Sasthamcotta, Kollam,Kerala,INDIA.
The document discusses various techniques for estimating costs and timelines for software projects, including:
- Cost estimation should be done throughout the software development life cycle to continually refine estimates.
- Common metrics for estimating include person-days, person-months, and person-years.
- Methods like expert judgement, top-down estimating, bottom-up estimating, and parametric formulae can be used.
- PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) uses optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic estimates to calculate expected time.
- Gantt charts can be used for project scheduling and identifying critical paths.
- Budgeting rather than estimating is recommended for strategic decisions to reduce risks of cost overruns
The document introduces project execution and the need to develop a Project Execution Plan to outline responsibilities and procedures for delivering agreed upon project outputs, as the plan expands on the Project Business Plan by specifying day-to-day management controls. A Project Execution Plan is developed when a project proposal is approved, and requires knowledge of developing detailed project plans, schedules, quality procedures, reporting, purchasing if needed, risk management, and cost control. The main outputs of project planning include the project execution plan and controls, progress reports, action item logs, project cost control, training plans, risk logs, and lessons learned.
This is a short paper presentation on project construction supervisor and supervision delivered to a body professionals in the construction industry in a seminar at Lagos state, Nigeria in May, 2015.
The document provides an overview of key financial statements for construction companies:
1) The income statement shows a company's revenues, costs, expenses and profits over a period of time, allowing assessment of profitability.
2) The balance sheet presents a company's assets, liabilities and equity at a point in time, providing a snapshot of its financial position. Assets include current assets like cash and long-term assets like property. Liabilities include current debts and long-term loans. Equity represents the owners' capital investment.
3) Financial statements are important for reflecting a construction company's financial health and whether its business is profitable. The income statement and balance sheet, and their analysis, can inform decision
The document outlines a 7 step project execution process (PEP) that includes project planning, engineering, procurement & logistics, installation, integration, start-up, and operation & handover. The project planning step involves presales meetings with the customer, internal project analysis, and a final sales meeting. Internal project analysis delivers documents to various groups covering figures, plans, quality, procurement, and more. The PEP is used to develop company-specific tools and techniques to implement projects, track them, identify bottlenecks, and ensure successful outcomes.
The document outlines the general provisions of an FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Construction contract. It defines key terms, establishes that the contract will be governed by the law of the country stated in the Contract Data, and addresses communications between parties, priority of documents, assignment, care and supply of documents, confidential details, compliance with laws, and inspections. It also describes the roles and responsibilities of the Employer and Engineer in overseeing the project.
This document discusses cost management and control techniques for construction projects. It defines different types of costs including direct, indirect, fixed, and variable costs. It then explains various project selection techniques such as return on investment, internal rate of return, net present value, benefit-cost ratio, opportunity cost, and payback period. The document provides examples of how to use each technique to select projects. It also discusses future value and present value calculations. Finally, it covers key aspects of project cost management including estimating costs, determining budgets, and controlling costs.
This document discusses types of construction projects and project management in the context of construction. It outlines four main types of construction projects: residential, institutional/commercial, specialized industrial, and infrastructure/heavy construction. It then provides details on the construction project life cycle and key aspects of project management for construction, including work breakdown structures, Gantt charts, and the role of the project manager.
Purpose, Need, Importance, Methods, Causes and types of defects in buildings, Preparation of report on maintenance work, Remedial measures and execution procedure of any one, Types of building maintenance work.
Role of building information modelling bim in quantity surveying practiceIAEME Publication
The document discusses the role of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in quantity surveying practice. It notes that while BIM has been widely adopted by designers and contractors, quantity surveyors have been slower to adopt it. BIM allows for automated quantity take-offs and bill of quantities preparation, reducing errors and saving time compared to traditional manual methods. The document conducts a literature review on how BIM could transform the roles and responsibilities of quantity surveyors by streamlining cost estimation and management tasks throughout the project lifecycle. It aims to help train quantity surveyors to adapt to future industry changes enabled by widespread BIM implementation.
The Art of Planning and Writing Specifications and Requirements Thomas Tanel
One of the most difficult tasks that purchasers face is converting user or internal customer needs to new specifications and requirements. For most, it’s easier said than done, while others simply dread the thought of constructing a Statement of Work. Failure to develop a properly defined scope of work, specification, or requirement may mean the solicitation will need to be abandoned and repeated with corrections. Purchasers who are involved in putting together specifications, requirements, or SOWs need to be aware that it is worth the investment, time, and effort to create a high quality outcome. Thus, it is important that purchasers understand the importance of good specifications and requirements, as well as their contractual and practical significance.
This presentation will offer you practical techniques, tools, and process methods for constructing effective specifications, requirements, and SOWs.
Key areas of focus that will be discussed in this workshop are:
Internal customer or user needs
The importance of a scope of work
SOWs and work requirements
The Statement of Work
Writing specifications and requirements
Barring truly new ideas
Stimulation the flow of ideas
most people adopt somewhat casual and haphazard approach to the generation of project ideas. To stimulate the flow of ideas, the following are helpful: SWOT Analysis
Clear Articulation of Objectives
Forecasting a conductive climate
This document provides information about an estimating and costing course being taught at YBP Sawantwadi Institute. It includes details like the course code, name of the faculty teaching the course, academic year, units covered in the course, course outcomes, and syllabus. The key points are:
- The course is Estimating and Costing with code 22503, being taught in academic year 2020-2021 by faculty member Keshav Ramdas Manerikar.
- The course has 5 units covering fundamentals of estimating, approximate estimates, detailed estimates, rate analysis, and estimating for civil works.
- Upon completing the course, students will be able to prepare estimates, justify rates, use estimating
This document provides an overview of a presentation on project controls. The presentation covers topics like understanding project controls, the project control process, scope controls, cost controls, time controls, quality controls, and other areas. It is designed to be viewed rather than presented verbally, so the slides contain more explanatory text than is normal. The presentation has over 50 slides and is aimed at project management professionals.
Principles of building construction, information and communicationmichael mcewan
Construction drawings, also known as plans, blueprints, or working drawings, show what is to be built while specifications focus on materials, installation techniques, and quality standards. Drawings are typically drawn to scale with block plans at 1:2500, site plans at 1:500, and floor plans and sectional details at 1:100 or 1:10. Drawing hatchings are used to represent materials. Levels and datums refer to positions above sea level and provide reference points for accurate measurements during construction using techniques like spirit levels, water levels, and laser levels.
Project cost management involves planning, estimating, budgeting, and controlling costs throughout a project's lifecycle. It is important for project managers to emphasize realistic cost estimates, understand principles like profits and cash flow, and classify costs as direct, indirect, tangible, or intangible. Using tools like life cycle costing and establishing reserves can help project managers stay on budget.
This document discusses best practices for facility renewal planning. It recommends using a facility condition assessment or mathematical model to determine appropriate spending levels and identify needed capital expenditures. A detailed engineering survey provides the most accurate information but is also the most costly. The document emphasizes that facility renewal involves replacing building subsystems and components at the end of their lifespan, rather than ongoing maintenance, to ensure facilities are properly supported over the long term.
The document discusses reliability in asset management and maintenance. It defines reliability as machines producing quality output at design capacity for their lifetime. It discusses moving from reactive to proactive maintenance through a culture change. Key aspects are implementing preventive, predictive, and proactive maintenance approaches and using metrics to measure inputs and outputs. Case studies demonstrate benefits of condition monitoring to avoid breakdowns.
The document discusses various types of maintenance including preventive, corrective, condition-based, predictive, reliability-centered, and value driven maintenance. It explains that preventive maintenance involves maintaining equipment before failures occur to prevent downtime and costs, while corrective maintenance repairs equipment after failures. Condition-based maintenance uses indicators to determine when equipment will fail and prioritizes maintenance. Predictive techniques help determine equipment condition to schedule maintenance. Reliability-centered maintenance aims to improve cost-effectiveness and uptime. The 5S methodology focuses on effective workplace organization through sorting, setting in order, shining, standardizing, and sustaining these practices.
The document discusses four main types of maintenance programs: reactive, preventive, predictive, and reliability centered maintenance. Reactive maintenance involves fixing equipment after it breaks, while preventive maintenance uses scheduled maintenance tasks. Predictive maintenance bases maintenance on equipment condition monitoring. Reliability centered maintenance takes a systematic approach to prioritize equipment and match maintenance to critical needs using predictive techniques. The document provides advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Predictive and reliability centered maintenance can provide the greatest cost savings through reduced downtime and failures.
IRJET- Investigation of Maintenance and Cost Control for High Rise BuildingIRJET Journal
This document discusses maintenance and cost control for high-rise buildings. It begins with an abstract that outlines the research goals of identifying characteristics of scheduled maintenance and establishing relationships between those characteristics and cost performance. The document then provides definitions and types of maintenance activities. It identifies five key characteristics of scheduled maintenance: skilled labor, spare parts and materials, predetermined maintenance intervals, maintenance and failure downtime, and special repairs. Maintaining registers to track special repair requests and costs is also discussed. The overall aim appears to be developing a model for predicting maintenance costs based on characteristics of scheduled maintenance programs.
An energy audit examines a facility's energy usage to identify opportunities to improve efficiency and reduce energy costs. The audit process involves analyzing energy usage patterns, conducting a preliminary survey, and performing a detailed audit in three phases. The detailed audit establishes an energy balance, evaluates efficiency at each process step, and provides recommendations and cost analyses for conservation measures. The goal is to translate efficiency ideas into an action plan with technical and economic feasibility assessments.
Building services engineering, technical building services, architectural engineering, building engineering, or facilities and services planning engineering refers to the implementation of the engineering for the internal environment and environmental impact of a building.
The document discusses maintenance management. It describes how maintenance has become more important as production equipment has become more advanced and impacts productivity and quality. Modern maintenance aims to keep equipment running at high capacity and producing quality products at the lowest cost. It also discusses total productive maintenance and different maintenance procedures like condition-based maintenance.
Maintenance management involves keeping production equipment in good operating condition on a daily basis. This includes maintaining existing plant and equipment, inspecting and lubricating machinery, and installing new equipment. The main goals of maintenance are to maximize equipment uptime and efficiency while minimizing repair costs and production downtime through activities like preventative maintenance, equipment inspections, and reliability engineering. An effective maintenance program requires planning work activities, scheduling tasks, and controlling costs.
Chap 5 Elements of Maint Techenologyf.pptAbeyuAssefa
This document discusses various elements of maintenance including attendance, servicing, repair, maintenance policies, and decision making. It provides definitions and explanations of key maintenance concepts such as inspection, testing, adjusting, lubrication, and different types of repair activities. The major maintenance policies are described as fixed-time maintenance, condition-based maintenance, opportunity maintenance, and operate-to-failure maintenance. Decision making in maintenance is influenced by factors like the cause of failure, failure incidence over time, and costs of maintenance versus re-design. Safety, environmental, and operational consequences are also considered in maintenance decision processes.
This document discusses operational readiness challenges that can lead to value leakage during the ramp-up phase of new capital projects. It notes that up to 30% of anticipated early project benefits can be lost due to issues like startup delays, equipment failures, skill deficiencies, and other factors. It also points out that actual long-term operations and maintenance costs are typically 1-2% higher than expected. The document examines why these issues persist due to cultural and organizational divisions between construction and operations teams that prioritize different goals. Improving operational readiness practices can help reduce risks and costs.
Preventive and reactive maintenance are the most common maintenance strategies used in the US. Preventive maintenance involves regularly scheduled maintenance to keep equipment functioning properly and extend its life, while reactive maintenance means repairing equipment only after failure. The document discusses these approaches and introduces predictive maintenance, which uses measurements to detect degradation early and take preemptive action. Preventive maintenance is more effective than reactive at reducing costs and increasing equipment life, but does include performing some unnecessary maintenance. Predictive maintenance provides even greater advantages by allowing issues to be addressed before significant deterioration occurs.
1) The refinery needs major overhauling to increase efficiency and reduce downtime as equipment is utilized continuously to meet high demand.
2) Shutdown during the winter season when demand is historically low provides an opportunity to complete overhauling within 15 days at an estimated cost of Rs. 33.1 million.
3) Benefits include reduced costs, improved efficiency, consistent product quality, and uninterrupted operations going forward.
The document is an assignment for various business programs on the topic of maintenance management. It contains 6 questions asking students to write short notes on topics like maintenance resources, reliability centered maintenance, production philosophy, and types of maintenance benchmarking. It also asks students to analyze and propose solutions to maintenance issues facing a hypothetical company called XYZ Electricals. The document provides evaluation criteria for the answers and contact information for students to obtain fully solved assignments from professionals.
Photovoltaic Training Course - Module 4.1 - Importance of maintenanceLeonardo ENERGY
This document discusses maintenance of photovoltaic systems. It outlines three types of maintenance: predictive, preventive, and corrective. Predictive maintenance is based on performance predictions to prevent issues, while preventive maintenance ensures efficient performance through regular checks. Corrective maintenance repairs broken or underperforming parts. The document also discusses establishing maintenance priorities based on plant size, responsible parties, monitoring and control systems, staffing needs, and cost control measures like spare parts and consumables management, surveillance, and insurance. Annual operation and maintenance costs are typically 1-1.3% of total revenues.
The document discusses plant maintenance procedures. It defines maintenance as finding faults in equipment before or after breakdown to maintain operational efficiency. The objectives of maintenance are to increase reliability, maximize equipment life, maximize production capacity, and minimize costs and interruptions. Maintenance types include planned (preventive, corrective, predictive), and unplanned. Key steps in preventive maintenance procedures are identifying equipment, creating schedules, history cards, job specifications, programming, inspections, and applying feedback.
Tips on Cost optimization For Process Plants.fxudegbu
Cost management has always been a major focus for all business unit. There is always demand by investors for business to deliver expected profit. The singular strategy to achieve this is to emphasize a strong focus on cost management.
Cost management is the act of planning and controlling the established budget of any business. When you are unable to measure and track your budget continuously, then maintaining or controlling the budget within a reasonable limit of the established budget becomes an arduous task.
The major cost classification related to physical asset management that comes quickly to mind in a process plant are:
Plant Maintenance Cost
Non-Plant Maintenance Cost
Tag Line: “Costs do not exist to be calculated, Costs exist to be reduced” (Taiichi 0hno)
The document discusses plant engineering and maintenance. It describes plant engineering as a multi-disciplinary field that involves installation, operation, maintenance, modification and protection of facilities. It states that a plant engineer ensures safety, reliability and efficiency of systems. Their responsibilities include maintenance planning and optimization to improve reliability and reduce costs while ensuring safety and regulatory compliance.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
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Condition Asessment.ppt
1. Building Condition Assessment
and Documentation
Part II – Overview and Direction
Randy Warbington, PE
Facilities Program Manager
Southern Region
USDA Forest Service
Mark McDonough, PE
Assistant Station Engineer
Southern Research Station
USDA Forest Service
3 Day Course Prepared for Presentation at ESRU, March 10-12, 2008
Edited for Presentation at National Facilities Meeting, April 30-May 2, 2008
4. Maintenance
Maintenance is “the act of keeping fixed
assets in acceptable condition.” It includes
Preventive maintenance, repairs, cyclical
maintenance (component replacement) and
addressing of statutory requirements needed
to assure that the asset achieves its expected
life. Maintenance excludes upgrade activities
aimed at expanding capacity or changing
function.
5. Annual Maintenance
Work performed to maintain serviceability or repair
failures in the year in which they occur. Includes
preventive and cyclic maintenance performed in the
year which it is scheduled, as well as unscheduled or
catastrophic failures of components or assets.
Typically this is the work funded by CP09, CMFC
and QMQM.
OMB allows the agency to estimate this by
multiplying 3-5% * CRV.
6. Preventive Maintenance
Scheduled servicing, repairs, inspections and
replacement of parts that result in fewer breakdowns
and fewer premature replacements to help achieve
the expected life of the fixed asset.
Inspections are a critical part of preventive
maintenance as they provide the information for
scheduling maintenance and for evaluating its
effectiveness.
A component of annual maintenance.
7. Deferred Maintenance
Maintenance that was not performed when it should
have been or when it was scheduled and which,
therefore was put off or delayed for a future period.
Made up of 4 parts – a) cyclic (component
replacement) b) minor repairs not done when they
should have been, c) work needed to meet laws,
regulations, etc as long as the original intent of the
asset has not been changed, and d) functional
obsolescence.
There is no current OMB requirement to report
annual maintenance, only deferred maintenance.
8. Example of Functional Obsolescence
From the Facility Master Plan:
“This building provides office
space for 7 FTE’s. It was
originally a garage, but was
converted to an office in the early
1990’s. The building was
constructed in 1955 and is 440 ft2
in size. The building is in fair
condition. Water seepage into the
interior after heavy rains (>3”) has
been a recurring problem. It is
recommended that it be
decommissioned and replaced with
a modern facility.”
Does this building need to be
evaluated for historic significance
prior to demolition?
9. Operations & Maintenance (O&M)
The activities and resources required to
operate and maintain facilities (recreation,
administrative, etc.) at a level of quality which
meets management objectives and customer
satisfaction.
Costs associated with O&M are generally
recurrent, as opposed to capital investments,
which are generally one-time and non-
recurrent.
10. O&M (continued)
O&M is like it sounds, part operations and
part maintenance
O&M is funded by CP09, CMFC, NFRW,
QMQM, and a variety of other EBLIs
12. Purposes of Condition Assessments
Primary:
Serve as physical inventory for the asset
Show accomplishment (elimination of previously
identified maintenance work)
Inform its valuation by determining the deferred
maintenance deduction to be applied to the “raw”
replacement value.
These are primarily financial upward reporting functions
to allow the agency to adequately respond to requests for
information and oversight
13. Purposes of Condition Assessments
(cont.)
Secondary
Identify future work needs, serving as a sort of periodic
“reconnaissance” of the asset. In most cases the actual
correction of deficiencies will require additional
investigation, as there may be a number of alternatives as
to how to best to address them
Serve as an additional opportunity to note critical health
and safety, environmental degradation or other similar
conditions which need to be addressed immediately.
These two functions are more targeted to the actual day-
to-day work activities.
14. Purpose of a Condition Assessment
Subtracting the deferred maintenance on this building from the current
replacement value computed by I-Web based on GSF gives a truer picture of
its value. Often, deferred maintenance items discovered during condition
assessments may never actually be done. For example, this building may
not be really be worth repairing, and the building has been determined to be
of low priority.
15. Coordination with Other Required Surveys
See FSM 7309 44.1 Exhibit 01
Condition Assessment – Every 5 years
Physical Inventory – Every 5 Years
Health and Safety – Annual, except ML 1
Quarters – Annual, prior to each occupancy
Facility Performance (Master Plan) – Every 10 years
Accessibility - Every 3 Years
Vulnerability – Every 5 Years
Friable Asbestos Materials – Annual
Energy Conservation – As Needed
Pre-Occupancy – Prior to Leasing
ECAP Audits (Internal) – Annual
EACP Audits (External) – Every 5 Years
EMS – Annual/Every 3 Years
EMS Second Party – Every 5 Years
16. Integrated Assessments
Efforts are underway to try to integrate the some or all of the
following:
Facility Condition Assessments – 5 Year Cycle
ECAP Audits (Internal) – 1 Year Cycle
Health and Safety Inspection – 1 Year Cycle
It may make more sense to integrate preventive maintenance
(PM) and repair assessments with health and safety
inspections and ECAP audits, rather than facility condition
assessments, which primarily target cyclic replacement and
deferred maintenance
Although there is no manual requirement for preventive
maintenance and repair assessments, they are still needed in
order to responsibly operate and maintain facilities to the
desired standard and provide customer satisfaction
17. Facility Condition Assessment
Scheduling
Buildings, Water Systems, Wastewater
Systems, Developed Recreation Sites – All of
these require real property inventory and
condition Assessment on a 5 year cycle
Efficiency then suggests that assets located
near each other geographically should be
scheduled for inspection concurrently in order
to save travel time and costs
18. Example of Spreadsheet that Can be
Used to Schedule and Balance Workload
ftp://sv1.r8.fs.fed.us/pub/Facility%20Condition%20Assessment%20Training/
19. I-Web vs. MMS
It has been recognized that INFRA may not be the most useful
way to handle scheduling of the multitude of day to day
activities (Preventive maintenance, minor repairs,) that are
often needed on a facility.
Instead a more specialized maintenance management
software (MMS) might in some cases be more appropriate.
We will likely investigate the acquisition of such a system in
the near future.
Regardless, however, most items which would be expected to
be collected during a condition assessment would not
normally cost less than $2,000 (individually), the minor
purchase limit for construction, but instead would consist of
major component repair and replacement, which really has the
most effect on asset value.
20. Minor vs. Major Items
As an example, one unit found that approximately
85% of the maintenance work items which had been
recorded in I-Web during past assessments were
estimated to cost less than $2,000 each, but this only
added up to about 6% in value of the total
maintenance work recorded for that Forest.
Therefore it is probably more productive to focus on
major items when doing condition assessments, and
keep up with the small stuff on a much more regular
basis.
21. There are Always Exceptions
The major exception would be noting critical items
(health and safety, environmental degradation or
mission delivery) which absolutely must be
addressed immediately.
Example: Non-functioning smoke detector in a
sleeping quarters.
22. Minor Items Left Undone Lead to DM
It should be recognized that usually it is relatively
minor items left unaddressed that lead to deferred
maintenance.
Therefore as a matter of practice these items should
not be left to be discovered during a condition
assessment which occurs only on a 5-year interval.
Previously we discussed funds available to do
operations and maintenance work with.
Correction of small recurring items such as replacing
a filter, a burned out light bulb or fixing a broken
lock should be addressed as ongoing “operations”
using these fund types.
23. Preventive Maintenance Tips
Replacing furnace
filters on a regular
basis will prevent
compressor freeze-
up, dirty ductwork,
fan failures, etc.
Putting off repairing
a roof leak or a
waterproofing
project may result in
mold infestations
that are extremely
expensive to restore
to useable condition.
Non-functional exit signs, emergency
lighting, smoke detectors need to be
replaced immediately to prevent loss
of life in case of a fire.
You sure don’t want to wait
long before you address this
maintenance item!
24. Foremost Objective
Perhaps the most important objective for
facility condition assessments beyond those
stated above relate to the need to have
standardized inspections across the agency,
standardized “acceptable” care, and to
develop cost estimates that are consistent,
repeatable and defendable.
This is probably even more important than
developing detailed construction cost
estimates.
25. Consistent Standard of Care
Standard work items shown on the inspection
form are “representative” of a consistent
standard of repair and/or replacement quality
across the agency, and should be used
whenever possible, otherwise custom work
items and minor improvement needs are
available in the system.
26. Consistent Costing Method
Costing is automated in the I-web module,
requiring only limited interaction by the user;
work item costs are based on R S Means, with
appropriate multipliers applied to capture
conditions of the Forest Service business
environment in a consistent fashion.
27. Note about costs
All costs are assumed to be based on
contracting, with overhead and profit as
described in R S Means
Costs may not be indicative of what would be
encountered using force account, local jacks-
of-all-trades, brother-in-laws, etc.
28. Consistent Replacement Schedule
Replacement will be based upon condition as
well as age and “typical expected life”.
Sources of Building Component Data:
R S Means
Agency Experience
29. Available Sources for Component Life
Expectancy
Tempering of Means data with corporate
experience as captured in the Standard Work
Items shown on the standard forms
ASHRAE (Association of Heating,
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers
National Association of Home Builders
Building Cost Information Service (British)
34. Progressive Levels of Inspection
All inspections must look at each of the standard
work items as an agency minimum, as applicable
(comparable to the concept of using “standard” specs
in construction)
Additional work items shown in Means but not in
the standard list may be also be considered – these
are one type of “custom work items” (comparable to
“approved supplemental specs” in construction)
Custom work items not included in Means may be
needed for specialized assets – (comparable to
“special project specs” in construction).
35. Tailoring the level of Assessment Detail to the
Building’s Expected Use
Buildings such as a barn might only need the
“standard” work items collected on them.
Buildings that are used on an everyday basis
might need more detailed work items to be
collected.
Specialized buildings might require “custom”
work items to be collected; these items may
not be found in the MEANS database.
36. Example of an asset for which “custom” work
items that may be found in “Means” might apply
37. Example of a specialized asset requiring
“custom” work items not found in “Means”
Replacement of “chinking” for a log building. This work
would not typically be covered by RS Means Cost Data.
39. Overview of Tasks
Obtain a Basic or Complex Condition Assessment Form from
I-Web for each building, as applicable
Verify header info and/or fill out blanks for each building
User input will be required for inspector name, inspection date
and remote travel time
Consider each standard work item for each building and
determine if it applies, based upon typical life and existing
condition. See the Work Items Data Dictionary
Obtain applicable quantities for each item
Consider whether non-standard or custom items should be
included as well
Note any other significant or critical maintenance or operation
items in the blanks provided on the form
40. Header Information to be Verified
Unit, Site Name, Bldg ID, Bldg Name, Size, Bldg
Category, Sub-Category, Maintenance Level,
Historic Status and Real Property tie, as well as date
of last Assessment will all come out of the I-Web
database
Confirm whether the form is appropriate for the
actual building – basic or complex, and if not make a
note; if required schedule for alternate inspection
Verify the accuracy and make changes on the form
where needed; recall that CRV cannot be changed, it
is computed by INFRA, and is based upon GSF,
category and sub-category
41. Additional Tasks
Print out I-Web Report BLDWK03L:Building
Work Item Details for the building to be
inspected
Note work items that have been accomplished
since last condition assessment
Recording date and cost for accomplishment
will no longer be mandatory
42. Header Information to be Input
Inspector Name – Initials are not OK, need full name
Inspection Date
Remote Travel Time – Record to the nearest hour
based on the average number of hours it normally
takes to travel to the site from a populated area, such
as a small community, where materials for repair or
restoration may be obtained
Base travel time on the most likely method that will
be used to transport labor and materials to the jobsite
(one-way trip time)
Travel Time will be used by INFRA to compute the
“remoteness” factor, which affects work item cost
44. Work Item Input (for all items)
Input the quantity needed for the appropriate
standard or custom work item
Input the year the work is needed (planned year), or
the fact that it has been deferred
As input requires mm-dd-yyyy use last day of FY
Realize the work will be recorded in I-web as annual
or deferred maintenance not depending upon the
nature of the item, but instead based on the year the
work is needed, with DM as the default
Input reason and priority – H&S, mission or
resource, critical and non-critical – with mission
non-critical as default