1) Concussions are brain injuries that occur when the head hits or is hit by an object and can cause headaches, unconsciousness, and long term issues.
2) Concussions are common in many sports due to impacts and 300,000 people suffer from sports related concussions each year.
3) While concussions were once thought to only affect football, they can occur in many sports from soccer to gymnastics whenever there is a blow to the head. Proper safety equipment and education can help prevent concussions.
This document provides an overview of traumatic brain injury (TBI) from a neurological perspective. It discusses the types, classification, morphology, pathophysiology, imaging, biomarkers, management, and sequelae of mild, moderate and severe TBI. Key points include: TBI is a leading cause of disability; classification includes mild (GCS 13-15), moderate (GCS 9-12) and severe (GCS 3-8); common morphologies seen on imaging include skull fractures, contusions, epidural hematomas, subdural hematomas, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and diffuse axonal injury; secondary brain injury can be prevented by avoiding hypotension, hypoxia and other insults;
A 42-year-old male was admitted to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident with back pain and inability to move his lower limbs. Examination revealed absent sensation and paralysis below T12 with MRI showing a lesion at T11. He was diagnosed with complete T11 paraplegia and underwent surgery. Rehabilitation focused on preventing complications like pressure sores, infections, and maintaining mobility. Spinal cord injuries cause various impairments depending on level and severity, and patients require long-term management of physical, psychological, and social impacts on quality of life.
A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury caused by the brain whipping inside the skull, which causes it to not function properly. Symptoms include headaches, dizziness, nausea, and behavioral changes. While usually temporary, concussions can have long-term effects if not properly diagnosed and treated. It is important to see a doctor after a concussion to rest the brain and prevent further injury that could lead to conditions like second impact syndrome or post-concussion syndrome.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by external forces that impact or rapidly accelerate/decelerate the head. This can lead to primary injuries like contusions or hematomas from impact, or diffuse axonal injury from acceleration/deceleration forces. Secondary injuries may occur hours or days later and involve processes like cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure, and reduced cerebral blood flow. The goals of management are to prevent secondary injuries by maintaining cerebral perfusion pressure and minimizing intracranial pressure increases through monitoring, treatment of complications, and other interventions.
The document discusses different types of skull fractures:
1) Linear fractures involve a single fracture line through the skull with no displacement of bone fragments. They usually heal without problems but can sometimes cause blood clots on the brain surface.
2) Compound fractures have multiple fracture lines radiating from the impact site, resulting in two or more bone fragments. They suggest a more severe blow and sometimes involve bone depression.
3) Depressed fractures push bone fragments downward, which can press on and damage underlying brain tissue. Surgery may be needed to repair these types of fractures.
This document discusses head injuries, including:
- Definitions of head injury and traumatic brain injury as injuries resulting from trauma to the scalp, skull, or brain.
- Common causes are motor vehicle crashes, falls, assaults, and firearms.
- Injuries can be impact injuries from an object striking the head or acceleration/deceleration injuries from differential movement within the skull.
- Consequences can include scalp injuries, skull fractures, brain injuries like contusions and hematomas, and complications like infection, edema, and herniation. Proper management involves airway control, immobilization, monitoring, and treatment of raised intracranial pressure.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by an external force to the head that can lead to temporary or permanent impairment. It is a leading cause of death and disability, especially in young people. A TBI can be closed, without skull fracture, or open, with skull penetration. Initial management involves assessing severity with CT or MRI scans and monitoring for complications like increased intracranial pressure. Rehabilitation therapies like physiotherapy and occupational therapy aim to restore functions and prevent issues like spasticity or contractures. Outcomes depend on the severity of injury but long-term disabilities can impact cognition, movement, speech, and behavior.
This document provides an overview of traumatic brain injury (TBI) from a neurological perspective. It discusses the types, classification, morphology, pathophysiology, imaging, biomarkers, management, and sequelae of mild, moderate and severe TBI. Key points include: TBI is a leading cause of disability; classification includes mild (GCS 13-15), moderate (GCS 9-12) and severe (GCS 3-8); common morphologies seen on imaging include skull fractures, contusions, epidural hematomas, subdural hematomas, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and diffuse axonal injury; secondary brain injury can be prevented by avoiding hypotension, hypoxia and other insults;
A 42-year-old male was admitted to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident with back pain and inability to move his lower limbs. Examination revealed absent sensation and paralysis below T12 with MRI showing a lesion at T11. He was diagnosed with complete T11 paraplegia and underwent surgery. Rehabilitation focused on preventing complications like pressure sores, infections, and maintaining mobility. Spinal cord injuries cause various impairments depending on level and severity, and patients require long-term management of physical, psychological, and social impacts on quality of life.
A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury caused by the brain whipping inside the skull, which causes it to not function properly. Symptoms include headaches, dizziness, nausea, and behavioral changes. While usually temporary, concussions can have long-term effects if not properly diagnosed and treated. It is important to see a doctor after a concussion to rest the brain and prevent further injury that could lead to conditions like second impact syndrome or post-concussion syndrome.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by external forces that impact or rapidly accelerate/decelerate the head. This can lead to primary injuries like contusions or hematomas from impact, or diffuse axonal injury from acceleration/deceleration forces. Secondary injuries may occur hours or days later and involve processes like cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure, and reduced cerebral blood flow. The goals of management are to prevent secondary injuries by maintaining cerebral perfusion pressure and minimizing intracranial pressure increases through monitoring, treatment of complications, and other interventions.
The document discusses different types of skull fractures:
1) Linear fractures involve a single fracture line through the skull with no displacement of bone fragments. They usually heal without problems but can sometimes cause blood clots on the brain surface.
2) Compound fractures have multiple fracture lines radiating from the impact site, resulting in two or more bone fragments. They suggest a more severe blow and sometimes involve bone depression.
3) Depressed fractures push bone fragments downward, which can press on and damage underlying brain tissue. Surgery may be needed to repair these types of fractures.
This document discusses head injuries, including:
- Definitions of head injury and traumatic brain injury as injuries resulting from trauma to the scalp, skull, or brain.
- Common causes are motor vehicle crashes, falls, assaults, and firearms.
- Injuries can be impact injuries from an object striking the head or acceleration/deceleration injuries from differential movement within the skull.
- Consequences can include scalp injuries, skull fractures, brain injuries like contusions and hematomas, and complications like infection, edema, and herniation. Proper management involves airway control, immobilization, monitoring, and treatment of raised intracranial pressure.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by an external force to the head that can lead to temporary or permanent impairment. It is a leading cause of death and disability, especially in young people. A TBI can be closed, without skull fracture, or open, with skull penetration. Initial management involves assessing severity with CT or MRI scans and monitoring for complications like increased intracranial pressure. Rehabilitation therapies like physiotherapy and occupational therapy aim to restore functions and prevent issues like spasticity or contractures. Outcomes depend on the severity of injury but long-term disabilities can impact cognition, movement, speech, and behavior.
Presentation by Dept of Surgery Eko Hospitals, Ikeja, Lagos Nigeria on the 1st of July 2015. Prepared by Dr. Ajayi Babajide (Junior Resident Family Medicine.)
This document discusses different types of head injuries. It defines a head injury as trauma to the head that may or may not involve injury to the brain. The causes of head injuries include direct blows, rapid acceleration or deceleration of the head, and penetrating injuries from objects like bullets or knives. Symptoms can include loss of consciousness, vision issues, vomiting, and confusion. Head injuries are classified into types like concussions, contusions, diffuse axonal injuries, and coup-countercoup injuries. Shaken baby syndrome is also discussed as a form of traumatic brain injury caused by violently shaking an infant.
Head injury types, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and managementVibha Amblihalli
Head injuries can range from minor scalp lacerations to major brain trauma. Common causes include motor vehicle accidents, falls, and sports injuries. Diagnosis involves CT or MRI imaging to identify fractures and intracranial bleeding. Treatment depends on injury severity but may include reducing intracranial pressure, surgical evacuation of hematomas, and preventing complications like seizures. Outcomes range from full recovery to permanent disability or death depending on the nature and extent of brain damage.
Basal skull fractures occur in the base of the skull and involve fractures of the temporal, occipital, sphenoid, or ethmoid bones. Clinical signs of basal skull fractures include raccoon eyes, rhinorrhea, hearing loss, and mastoid ecchymosis depending on the location of the fracture in the anterior, middle, or posterior fossa. Proper diagnosis involves clinical assessment and identification of signs consistent with a basal skull fracture.
Head injury can range from minor scalp lacerations to serious brain injury. It is a leading cause of death from trauma. The most common causes are motor vehicle accidents, falls, assaults, and sports-related injuries. Injuries can be blunt or penetrating. Types of brain injuries include concussions, diffuse axonal injury, contusions, lacerations, and hemorrhages such as epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, intracerebral, and intraventricular hemorrhages. Clinical presentation depends on the type and severity of injury.
This document provides an overview of the management of head injuries. It defines head injury as damage to the head from impact and classifies injuries as closed or open, diffuse or focal. The pathophysiology section explains how small increases in intracranial volume can raise pressure dramatically. Presentation may include altered consciousness, bleeding, seizures or vomiting. Investigations include CT scans to detect fractures or bleeds. Treatment focuses on preventing secondary injuries like hypoxia, controlling pressure, and maintaining perfusion and nutrition. Follow-up is needed as some patients with mild injuries may later develop complications.
The spinal cord is a collection of nerves that travels down the back and connects the brain to the rest of the body. Spinal cord injuries occur when the spinal cord is damaged, such as from trauma, loss of blood supply, or compression from tumors or infections. Symptoms depend on where along the spinal cord the injury occurs but may include paralysis, loss of sensation, bowel and bladder issues, and pain. Treatment involves corticosteroids, bed rest, traction, rehabilitation, and sometimes surgery to decompress the spinal cord or fuse bones. Complications can include infections, blood clots, pressure sores, and chronic pain.
Spinal cord injuries can cause partial or complete loss of motor and sensory function below the site of injury. There are several types of spinal cord injuries including complete and incomplete injuries. Risk factors include men, young adults, seniors, and those active in sports. Causes include trauma, bullet wounds, and falls. Symptoms depend on the injury level but may include paralysis, numbness, loss of bowel/bladder control. Diagnostic tests include imaging like CT, MRI to determine injury level and severity. Complications can include autonomic dysreflexia, pressure sores, loss of sexual function. Treatment involves stabilizing the spine, managing complications, and long-term rehabilitation.
This document discusses classifications of traumatic brain injury (TBI). It describes several classification systems including:
- Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) which grades severity as mild, moderate or severe.
- Mayo classification which defines moderate-severe TBI based on features like loss of consciousness over 30 minutes.
- Outcome-based classifications like Glasgow Outcome Scale which grades outcome on a scale from death to good recovery.
Pathophysiology of primary injury from mechanical forces and secondary injury from physiological changes are outlined. Initial stabilization priorities and neurological assessment techniques are also reviewed.
This document provides an overview of traumatic brain injury (TBI), including its definition, pathophysiology, types (closed and open head injuries), specific injuries (contusions, hematomas, fractures), assessment (Glasgow Coma Scale), management (preventing secondary brain injury, ICP monitoring and treatment), and long-term outcomes (cognitive deficits, epilepsy, headaches). It describes the primary and secondary injury mechanisms of TBI, including diffuse axonal injury. Imaging and diagnostic criteria for different types of brain injuries are outlined. Guidelines for initial evaluation, monitoring, and medical and surgical management of increased ICP are also reviewed.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results from physical damage to brain tissue that temporarily or permanently impairs brain function. The pathophysiology of TBI involves both primary and secondary injury cascades. The primary injury is caused directly by the mechanical force, while secondary injury involves complex biochemical and cellular processes such as ischemia, excitotoxicity, free radical formation, inflammation, and apoptosis. Specific pathophysiological features of TBI include reduced cerebral blood flow, cerebral vasospasm, metabolic dysfunction, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, edema formation, and inflammation. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI is important for developing new therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes.
The document discusses neurologic trauma, specifically head injuries and traumatic brain injuries. It covers the primary types of head injuries like skull fractures and scalp injuries. It then discusses the pathophysiology and assessment of traumatic brain injuries, including the primary and secondary damage caused by the initial injury and subsequent swelling. Medical management focuses on monitoring, scans like CT and MRI to diagnose injuries, and surgery if needed to repair fractures or control bleeding.
This document provides information on head injuries. It begins by defining different types of head injuries from minor scalp lacerations to major trauma involving brain contusions and lacerations. It then discusses causes, presentations, investigations, management strategies and complications for various head injury types including skull fractures, epidural and subdural hematomas, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intracerebral hemorrhage. Nursing management focuses on airway protection, maintaining cerebral perfusion, preventing secondary injuries, and supporting recovery.
A head injury is any trauma to the scalp, skull, or brain. The injury may be only a minor bump on the skull or a serious brain injury. Head injury can be either closed or open (penetrating). A closed head injury means you received a hard blow to the head from striking an object, but the object did not break the skull.
This document provides information about head injuries, including:
- Head injuries are a major cause of death and disability, especially in young adults, often resulting from road traffic accidents and falls.
- The major types of head injuries are hematomas, hemorrhages, concussions, edema, skull fractures, and diffuse axonal injuries.
- Diagnostic evaluations for head injuries include X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, and intracranial pressure monitoring.
- Emergency management of head injuries focuses on supportive care, decreasing cerebral edema, and surgical evacuation of hematomas if needed.
Fractures and dislocations of the spine most commonly occur in young people and can result in spinal cord injuries. In the US, there are 250,000 to 400,000 individuals living with spinal cord injuries or spinal dysfunction. Spinal fractures occur mostly due to accidents and industrial injuries, with the incidence proportionate to vehicles and construction. Early assessment of spinal stability and investigation via imaging can help determine the nature and severity of injuries. Management involves immobilization, rehabilitation, and may require surgical stabilization or decompression to relieve pressure on the spinal cord.
This document provides information on traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury. It discusses the types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic process, treatment, and nursing care for each. The main types of head injuries covered are concussions, contusions, diffuse axonal injury, and intra-cranial hemorrhages such as epidural and subdural hematomas. Risk factors for head and spinal injuries include age, gender, lifestyle factors like alcohol use, and causes like motor vehicle accidents and falls. The goals of clinical management are to prevent secondary brain injury and provide surgical and pharmacological interventions. Complications can include cerebral edema, infection, seizures, and pulmonary issues.
The document provides an overview of evaluating and managing a patient with head injury. It discusses initial assessment according to ATLS guidelines focusing on airway, breathing, and circulation. It also covers neurological assessment including Glasgow Coma Scale and pupil examination. Indications for CT scan and referral to a trauma center are outlined. Management goals include maintaining adequate oxygenation, ventilation, blood pressure, ICP and CPP. Further management may involve therapies such as hyperosmolar treatment, hypothermia, nutrition, antiseizure medications, and antibiotics.
The document discusses spinal and spinal cord injuries, including incidence, morbidity and mortality, anatomy, assessment, types of spinal cord injuries, management, and non-traumatic conditions. It provides details on the anatomy of the spine and spinal cord, mechanisms of spinal cord injury, approaches to assessing and managing spinal injuries, and specific spinal cord syndromes. Prevention, immobilization, and avoiding further injury to the spinal cord are the primary goals in managing spinal and spinal cord trauma."
The document discusses understanding brain concussions, including:
- Definitions of concussion from various organizations emphasize transient symptoms rather than loss of consciousness.
- Common concussion symptoms include cognitive, emotional, and somatic complaints like headache and dizziness.
- Most individuals recover from an uncomplicated concussion within weeks, though a minority may have longer-lasting symptoms.
- Assessment and treatment focuses on the neurometabolic cascade following injury and managing recovery over time.
Presentation by Dept of Surgery Eko Hospitals, Ikeja, Lagos Nigeria on the 1st of July 2015. Prepared by Dr. Ajayi Babajide (Junior Resident Family Medicine.)
This document discusses different types of head injuries. It defines a head injury as trauma to the head that may or may not involve injury to the brain. The causes of head injuries include direct blows, rapid acceleration or deceleration of the head, and penetrating injuries from objects like bullets or knives. Symptoms can include loss of consciousness, vision issues, vomiting, and confusion. Head injuries are classified into types like concussions, contusions, diffuse axonal injuries, and coup-countercoup injuries. Shaken baby syndrome is also discussed as a form of traumatic brain injury caused by violently shaking an infant.
Head injury types, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and managementVibha Amblihalli
Head injuries can range from minor scalp lacerations to major brain trauma. Common causes include motor vehicle accidents, falls, and sports injuries. Diagnosis involves CT or MRI imaging to identify fractures and intracranial bleeding. Treatment depends on injury severity but may include reducing intracranial pressure, surgical evacuation of hematomas, and preventing complications like seizures. Outcomes range from full recovery to permanent disability or death depending on the nature and extent of brain damage.
Basal skull fractures occur in the base of the skull and involve fractures of the temporal, occipital, sphenoid, or ethmoid bones. Clinical signs of basal skull fractures include raccoon eyes, rhinorrhea, hearing loss, and mastoid ecchymosis depending on the location of the fracture in the anterior, middle, or posterior fossa. Proper diagnosis involves clinical assessment and identification of signs consistent with a basal skull fracture.
Head injury can range from minor scalp lacerations to serious brain injury. It is a leading cause of death from trauma. The most common causes are motor vehicle accidents, falls, assaults, and sports-related injuries. Injuries can be blunt or penetrating. Types of brain injuries include concussions, diffuse axonal injury, contusions, lacerations, and hemorrhages such as epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, intracerebral, and intraventricular hemorrhages. Clinical presentation depends on the type and severity of injury.
This document provides an overview of the management of head injuries. It defines head injury as damage to the head from impact and classifies injuries as closed or open, diffuse or focal. The pathophysiology section explains how small increases in intracranial volume can raise pressure dramatically. Presentation may include altered consciousness, bleeding, seizures or vomiting. Investigations include CT scans to detect fractures or bleeds. Treatment focuses on preventing secondary injuries like hypoxia, controlling pressure, and maintaining perfusion and nutrition. Follow-up is needed as some patients with mild injuries may later develop complications.
The spinal cord is a collection of nerves that travels down the back and connects the brain to the rest of the body. Spinal cord injuries occur when the spinal cord is damaged, such as from trauma, loss of blood supply, or compression from tumors or infections. Symptoms depend on where along the spinal cord the injury occurs but may include paralysis, loss of sensation, bowel and bladder issues, and pain. Treatment involves corticosteroids, bed rest, traction, rehabilitation, and sometimes surgery to decompress the spinal cord or fuse bones. Complications can include infections, blood clots, pressure sores, and chronic pain.
Spinal cord injuries can cause partial or complete loss of motor and sensory function below the site of injury. There are several types of spinal cord injuries including complete and incomplete injuries. Risk factors include men, young adults, seniors, and those active in sports. Causes include trauma, bullet wounds, and falls. Symptoms depend on the injury level but may include paralysis, numbness, loss of bowel/bladder control. Diagnostic tests include imaging like CT, MRI to determine injury level and severity. Complications can include autonomic dysreflexia, pressure sores, loss of sexual function. Treatment involves stabilizing the spine, managing complications, and long-term rehabilitation.
This document discusses classifications of traumatic brain injury (TBI). It describes several classification systems including:
- Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) which grades severity as mild, moderate or severe.
- Mayo classification which defines moderate-severe TBI based on features like loss of consciousness over 30 minutes.
- Outcome-based classifications like Glasgow Outcome Scale which grades outcome on a scale from death to good recovery.
Pathophysiology of primary injury from mechanical forces and secondary injury from physiological changes are outlined. Initial stabilization priorities and neurological assessment techniques are also reviewed.
This document provides an overview of traumatic brain injury (TBI), including its definition, pathophysiology, types (closed and open head injuries), specific injuries (contusions, hematomas, fractures), assessment (Glasgow Coma Scale), management (preventing secondary brain injury, ICP monitoring and treatment), and long-term outcomes (cognitive deficits, epilepsy, headaches). It describes the primary and secondary injury mechanisms of TBI, including diffuse axonal injury. Imaging and diagnostic criteria for different types of brain injuries are outlined. Guidelines for initial evaluation, monitoring, and medical and surgical management of increased ICP are also reviewed.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results from physical damage to brain tissue that temporarily or permanently impairs brain function. The pathophysiology of TBI involves both primary and secondary injury cascades. The primary injury is caused directly by the mechanical force, while secondary injury involves complex biochemical and cellular processes such as ischemia, excitotoxicity, free radical formation, inflammation, and apoptosis. Specific pathophysiological features of TBI include reduced cerebral blood flow, cerebral vasospasm, metabolic dysfunction, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, edema formation, and inflammation. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI is important for developing new therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes.
The document discusses neurologic trauma, specifically head injuries and traumatic brain injuries. It covers the primary types of head injuries like skull fractures and scalp injuries. It then discusses the pathophysiology and assessment of traumatic brain injuries, including the primary and secondary damage caused by the initial injury and subsequent swelling. Medical management focuses on monitoring, scans like CT and MRI to diagnose injuries, and surgery if needed to repair fractures or control bleeding.
This document provides information on head injuries. It begins by defining different types of head injuries from minor scalp lacerations to major trauma involving brain contusions and lacerations. It then discusses causes, presentations, investigations, management strategies and complications for various head injury types including skull fractures, epidural and subdural hematomas, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intracerebral hemorrhage. Nursing management focuses on airway protection, maintaining cerebral perfusion, preventing secondary injuries, and supporting recovery.
A head injury is any trauma to the scalp, skull, or brain. The injury may be only a minor bump on the skull or a serious brain injury. Head injury can be either closed or open (penetrating). A closed head injury means you received a hard blow to the head from striking an object, but the object did not break the skull.
This document provides information about head injuries, including:
- Head injuries are a major cause of death and disability, especially in young adults, often resulting from road traffic accidents and falls.
- The major types of head injuries are hematomas, hemorrhages, concussions, edema, skull fractures, and diffuse axonal injuries.
- Diagnostic evaluations for head injuries include X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, and intracranial pressure monitoring.
- Emergency management of head injuries focuses on supportive care, decreasing cerebral edema, and surgical evacuation of hematomas if needed.
Fractures and dislocations of the spine most commonly occur in young people and can result in spinal cord injuries. In the US, there are 250,000 to 400,000 individuals living with spinal cord injuries or spinal dysfunction. Spinal fractures occur mostly due to accidents and industrial injuries, with the incidence proportionate to vehicles and construction. Early assessment of spinal stability and investigation via imaging can help determine the nature and severity of injuries. Management involves immobilization, rehabilitation, and may require surgical stabilization or decompression to relieve pressure on the spinal cord.
This document provides information on traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury. It discusses the types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic process, treatment, and nursing care for each. The main types of head injuries covered are concussions, contusions, diffuse axonal injury, and intra-cranial hemorrhages such as epidural and subdural hematomas. Risk factors for head and spinal injuries include age, gender, lifestyle factors like alcohol use, and causes like motor vehicle accidents and falls. The goals of clinical management are to prevent secondary brain injury and provide surgical and pharmacological interventions. Complications can include cerebral edema, infection, seizures, and pulmonary issues.
The document provides an overview of evaluating and managing a patient with head injury. It discusses initial assessment according to ATLS guidelines focusing on airway, breathing, and circulation. It also covers neurological assessment including Glasgow Coma Scale and pupil examination. Indications for CT scan and referral to a trauma center are outlined. Management goals include maintaining adequate oxygenation, ventilation, blood pressure, ICP and CPP. Further management may involve therapies such as hyperosmolar treatment, hypothermia, nutrition, antiseizure medications, and antibiotics.
The document discusses spinal and spinal cord injuries, including incidence, morbidity and mortality, anatomy, assessment, types of spinal cord injuries, management, and non-traumatic conditions. It provides details on the anatomy of the spine and spinal cord, mechanisms of spinal cord injury, approaches to assessing and managing spinal injuries, and specific spinal cord syndromes. Prevention, immobilization, and avoiding further injury to the spinal cord are the primary goals in managing spinal and spinal cord trauma."
The document discusses understanding brain concussions, including:
- Definitions of concussion from various organizations emphasize transient symptoms rather than loss of consciousness.
- Common concussion symptoms include cognitive, emotional, and somatic complaints like headache and dizziness.
- Most individuals recover from an uncomplicated concussion within weeks, though a minority may have longer-lasting symptoms.
- Assessment and treatment focuses on the neurometabolic cascade following injury and managing recovery over time.
This document summarizes the neurometabolic cascade that occurs following a concussion. It describes the initial events such as neurotransmitter release and ion influx that lead to hyperactivity and then depressed metabolism. Functional MRI studies have shown increased brain activation and axonal damage in concussed athletes. There is also evidence that concussions can lead to long term neurological disorders like chronic traumatic encephalopathy and increased risk of conditions like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The document concludes that repeated concussions are definitely linked to early onset neurological disorders and that concussion protocols and education need to be improved.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a degenerative brain disease caused by repetitive head trauma. CTE is characterized by tau protein deposits in the brain that can cause behavioral, mood, and cognitive issues. Boston University has been researching CTE since 1996 and studying cases in boxers, football players, hockey players, and others exposed to repetitive brain trauma. Future areas of study include improved detection methods, risk factors, and potential treatments.
Concussions are a common and serious injury in contact sports. They can have both short-term and long-term effects on brain function. It is important to detect concussions quickly, assess their severity properly, and make cautious return to play recommendations. Multiple concussions may increase risks, so proper treatment and monitoring is needed to protect athletes' long-term brain health.
Mountain Equipment Coop: the private label strategy case study solutionPayal Patëł
- Mountain Equipment Co-op (MEC) is a Canadian retailer of outdoor gear founded in 1971 by climbers committed to philanthropy.
- MEC began producing its own private-label gear by copying designs of other brands at lower prices. However, manufacturing shifted overseas, hurting quality and jobs in Canada.
- Stakeholders now question MEC's philosophy as a democratically-owned firm and its ability to achieve competitive pricing through Canadian manufacturing given rising costs. Outsourcing also generates negative reactions.
Anatomy Of An Adolescent Concussion: It’s Not Child’s Play
A presentation at George Mason High School, Falls Church, VA by Vicki Galliher, ATC, VATL, ACSM on 2/22/2012
The document summarizes a study that examined the long-term effects of concussions on balance and memory. 138 participants completed tasks measuring working memory, processing speed, and balance. While concussed participants showed trends of poorer performance on working memory and processing speed tasks, there were no significant differences found between concussed and non-concussed groups on any measures of balance or memory. The study found little support for hypotheses that concussions would be related to greater deficiencies in balance and memory, or that more recent concussions would show greater impairments. It calls for more research on long-term concussion effects.
An immersive workshop at General Assembly, SF. I typically teach this workshop at General Assembly, San Francisco. To see a list of my upcoming classes, visit https://generalassemb.ly/instructors/seth-familian/4813
I also teach this workshop as a private lunch-and-learn or half-day immersive session for corporate clients. To learn more about pricing and availability, please contact me at http://familian1.com
3 Things Every Sales Team Needs to Be Thinking About in 2017Drift
Thinking about your sales team's goals for 2017? Drift's VP of Sales shares 3 things you can do to improve conversion rates and drive more revenue.
Read the full story on the Drift blog here: http://blog.drift.com/sales-team-tips
This document discusses concussions in sports. It defines a concussion as a brain injury that can cause headaches or unconsciousness. Concussions are caused by blows to the head from contact with objects or other players. Many sports are discussed where concussions commonly occur, such as football, soccer, basketball, and lacrosse. The document outlines symptoms of concussions and treatments, noting that repeated concussions or failing to treat one properly can lead to serious issues. It seeks to dispel myths about concussions and advocates for education and improved safety equipment to help prevent them.
The document discusses concussions in sports, specifically among young athletes. It notes that concussions have risen 60% according to reports, though the actual number may be higher since some athletes do not report injuries for fear of not being allowed to play. The sports with the highest rates of concussion are hockey, football, basketball, and soccer at the high school level. While more men sustain concussions, women are more likely than boys to suffer concussions playing the same sports, possibly due to weaker neck muscles in women. The document lists common concussion symptoms and questions about preventing, evaluating, and treating concussions.
Concussions, or mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), are common and can occur through accidents, falls, or participation in contact sports. They affect the brain's function but may not cause immediate symptoms. Repeated or untreated concussions can lead to permanent brain damage or death. Common causes of concussions include vehicle accidents, sports injuries, and falls among the elderly. While concussions may seem minor, proper treatment and recovery time are important to prevent further injury. Seeking legal assistance may help compensate for costs associated with concussion injuries.
Concussions, or mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), are common and can occur through accidents, falls, or participation in contact sports. They affect over 3 million Americans each year. While sometimes hard to detect, concussions can cause serious, long-term cognitive and emotional issues if not properly treated. It is important to rest and avoid activities that could cause further head trauma until symptoms fully subside to prevent further damage from repetitive brain injuries. Legal assistance may be sought for costs associated with concussion treatment and lost wages from accidents or sports injuries.
What they are, how they happen, & how to protect yourself. As a personal injury firm, we have helped many clients suffering from brain injuries seek financial compensation for medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more. If you or someone you love suffered a concussion, you want a Kentucky brain injury lawyer that will be an advocate for you.
The document discusses concussion epidemiology and pathophysiology. It notes that concussions are underreported and their true effects are not fully understood. While their pathology is unclear, concussions involve biochemical and structural changes in the brain like glutamate release, altered blood flow, and axonal injury that can persist for weeks. Repeated concussions may have cumulative effects, but factors like genetics that influence individual risk and prognosis remain uncertain.
This document outlines topics to be covered in a session on concussions in children, including understanding the pathophysiology and symptoms of concussions, diagnostic tools, signs and symptoms, return to play requirements, and the role of assessment tools like ImPACT testing. It then provides details on concussion rates in various sports, symptoms, management guidelines, and interfacing with schools to support student recovery. The goal is for participants to gain knowledge on evaluating and managing concussions in youth athletes.
Football Heading Risk and Safety - Expert Conclusions over 20 YearsSafia Fatima Mohiuddin
A review of football safety procedures over twenty years for child and adolescent play. The review includes research experiments, expert opinion, and pediatric guidelines for the prevention and treatment of concussions.
A concussion is a traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head that changes how the brain functions normally. Signs observed by others include appearing dazed or confused, while athletes may experience headaches, dizziness, or problems with memory and concentration. Even minor head impacts can cause a serious concussion. In 2010, the NFL reported over 160 concussions among players, with receivers and defensive backs experiencing the most. Lawsuits have been filed against the NFL by former players experiencing memory loss and other cognitive issues.
Mild traumatic brain injuries are an inherent risk in contact sports but are often misunderstood or seen as a sign of weakness. All involved in such sports must be educated on concussion signs, symptoms, and risks to ensure athlete safety through proper diagnosis and management. Multiple concussions and failure to report symptoms can have long-term health effects, so guidelines are needed at all levels to protect players and treat even mild injuries as brain injuries.
Improving Concussion Awareness in Student AthletesStephani Frisby
- The document discusses a senior research project aimed at improving concussion awareness in student athletes. It presents background information on concussions and their risks.
- The researchers administered pre- and post-surveys to student athletes to assess the effectiveness of an educational presentation on concussions. They found statistically significant increases in knowledge after the presentation, supporting their hypothesis.
- Based on their statistical analysis showing a t-value of 13.27 and p-value <0.0005, the researchers concluded the presentation was effective at improving concussion awareness among the surveyed athletes.
This document discusses the history of concussions and second impact syndrome in high school athletics. It covers several key points:
- Concussions were first described in football in the early 1900s and strategies were developed to monitor injured players.
- There are several misconceptions about concussions, such as only occurring in certain sports or requiring loss of consciousness. In reality, they can occur in many sports and without LOC.
- The condition of second impact syndrome was defined in the 1980s, where a second concussion before symptoms of an initial one resolve can have catastrophic results, including death.
- Incidence rates of concussions have been studied across many sports using different data sources, with wide
Whether playing football, soccer or just riding a bicycle, everyone is vulnerable to concussions. This webinar will provide the latest medical information on how to identify, treat and prevent sports concussions – and the mild traumatic brain injuries they result in.
Understanding and properly treating concussions has improved in high school athletics, but risks remain. While coaches and doctors now recognize concussion symptoms, many athletes still fail to report them due to wanting to continue playing. Schools are working to improve concussion assessment, treatment, and communication using baseline neurocognitive tests to help determine when athletes have recovered. However, some argue contact sports will always pose risks and it is difficult to predict how injuries may affect individuals differently.
Effect of Sports-Related TBI on Human PsychologyHailey Wagner
A look at how sports-related traumatic brain injuries, such as concussions, affect humans psychologically and neurologically.
Emphasis is placed on the looming threat of CTE, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, in professional athletes and its devastating impact on the human psyche.
nick vandelogt concussions in sport posterNick Vandelogt
This document discusses the current landscape of concussions in sports. It covers several areas: the short and long term effects of concussions, what professional sports leagues are doing to address concussions through increased funding of research and improved equipment, and the social responsibilities of coaches, doctors, and athletes to ensure player health and safety. Concussions are a risk in many contact sports and can cause transient brain dysfunction as well as long term issues like CTE if not properly managed.
Presentation concussion and sports -official aans-cns-think first versionbrainspine
This document provides information about concussions in sports. It begins by defining a concussion as a brief change in mental status caused by force to the head. There has been increased focus on sports concussions recently due to an evolving definition, their common occurrence in youth sports, and potential for long-term complications. Concussions are typically treated with physical and cognitive rest. The document discusses prevention programs and guidelines to reduce head injuries in sports.
Football is facing a major crisis — and not because some NFL players keep taking a knee during the National Anthem. It’s because a growing body of research shows that on-the-field collisions put players at risk for brain injury and a devastating neurological disorder known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). One recent report found CTE in 110 of 111 former NFL players studied.
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
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Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
4. Audience relevance People think that concussions are only diagnosed in football but they are just myths that they are hearing any sport that an athlete is participating in has still a risk of a concussion occurring to them.
5. THESIS STATEMENT Concussions have been happening more and more often in recent years due to the risks athletes take, but some of the dangers of this serious injury can be lessened with certain preventions.
6. WHAT IS A CONCUSSION? A concussion is a brain injury that might result in a bad headache or unconsciousness and can cause further problems http://www.webmd.com/brain/tc/traumatic-brain-injury-concussion-overview?page=2
7. Causes of a Concussion When the head hits an object or a moving object strikes the head Causes the brain to hit the skull http://www.webmd.com/brain/tc/traumatic-brain-injury-concussion-overview?page=2
8. Levels of a concussion Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC233178/
12. WHO GETS HURT “Don't just happen to professional players. Youth players suffer concussions too. “ (Brian Logue) All sports Male and female athletes http://www.laxmagazine.com/sports/m-lacros/spec-rel/092807aac.html
13. Soccer Boys/ Girls Ball hitting the head Bumping Girls Second-most diagnosed concussions among all sports http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/health/2010/jan/Concussion-or-Brain-Injury--Both-Are-Serious.html
14. Case Study – Melissa Inzitari http://sports.espn.go.com/espnmag/story?id=3958650
15. Basketball Throwing elbows Ball hitting the head Diving for a save http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC233178/
35. SYMPTOMS There are many symptoms that indicate a concussion. Repeating Vomiting Unequal Pupils Confused mental state or varying levels of consciousness. Inability to wake up at all (Coma) http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000799.htm
36. EMERGENCY SYMPTOMS Things to look out for when receiving a blow to the head. Altered level of consciousness. Muscle Weakness- on one or both sides Repeated Confusion. Remaining Unconsciousness. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000799.htm
37. EXAMS AND TESTS There are a couple test and exams to use for an athlete to determine how serious the concussion is. A Neurologist Examination Head CT MRI on the head http://www.headbraininjuries.com/brain-injuries-mri-ct-scan
41. Possible Outcomes of a Concussion Second Impact Syndrome Post Concussion Syndrome Possible Death Determined by the significance of the concussion. http://sportsmedicine.about.com/cs/head/a/aa020103a.htm
44. Treatment Shall not go to sleep for the first couple of hours To make sure concussion did not get worse Could not wake back up Can go to sleep if concussion is not serve but shall be woken
45. MYTHS As you hear there are many myth about concussions Concussions are a problem only in football
53. Work Cited Bell, Stephania. “Concussions: Common sense and conservative approach are the wise choice, especially in dealing with young athletes.” Outside The Lines (Feb. 2010): n. pag. Web. 11 May 2010. Brody, Cheryl. “Heads Up!” CosmoGirl (Sept. 2008): n. pag. Gale’s Cengage Learning. Web. 29 Nov. 2009. Brody, Jane E. “Concussion-Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment of Concussion.” The New York Times May 2010: n. pag. Web. 11 May 2010. Burrows, Peter. “Don’t Put Me Back In, Coach.” Business Week (2005): n. pag. Gale’s Cengage Learning. Web. 28 Nov. 2009. Caswell, Shane V., and Richard G. Deivert. “Lacrosse Helmet Designs and the Effects of Impact Forces.” Journal of Athletic Training (Spring 2002): n. pag. Web. 11 May 2010. “Concussion: Risk factors.” MayoClinic.com. Mayo Clinic, 24 Mar. 2009. Web. 11 May 2010. “Concussion ( Traumatic Brain Injury): Symptoms, Causes, Treatments.” WebMD. N.p., May 2010. Web. 11 May 2010.
54. Covassin, Tracy, C. BuzSwanik, and Michael L. Sachs. “Sex Differences and the Incidence of Concussions Among Collegiate Athletes.” Journal of Athletic Training: n. pag. Web. July 2003. Cummings, Dean P., M.D. “Concussions in Sports.” www.hughston.com/hha/a.concus.htm. Hughston Health Alert, n.d. Web. 11 May 2010. Fresella, Nicole. “Heading For Trouble: Personal Account.” ESPN The Magazine 2010: No. 1. Web. 11 May 2010. Brondou, Colleen. "Concussion or Brain Injury? Both Are Serious." findingDulcinea. January 19, 2010. Retrieved May 11, 2010. http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/health/2010/jan/Concussion-or-Brain-Injury--Both-Are-Serious.html
55. Special Thanks To Ryan McGee Breohn Anderson Liz Salinas John Gonoude Mike Shannon Mrs. Durland
Editor's Notes
I think that concussions are very serious and when you have hit your head on anything you should get checked out do to the significance of the affects that it has on the brain in the futureI’ve seen a few people with concussions, especially from football
The causes of a concussion is when their something hard hits the head and then the brain hits the skull which is then effected by the symptoms of a concussion. For the head to hit something hard while moving its not good for the brain because of the long term affects it has on the athlete. It does eventually affect the athlete in the classroom as well as on the playing field which is learning their assignments and knowing their task that they have to accomplish.
There are three levels of a concussion.
Grade 1 of a concussion is No loss of consciousness, short duration of post traumatic amnesia.concussion must stop participating. He or she can return to play only if the examiner determines that nervous system function is normal and if no symptoms (i.e., amnesia, post concussive syndrome) are displayed at rest and with exertion (e.g., running in place) for at least 20 minutes. Because another concussion during the same game is more likely now and can cause further damage, the doctor or ATC may consider barring the athlete from play that day.
Grade 2 is loss of consciousness (less than 5 minutes), amnesia up to 30 minutes concussion must stop participating in competition that day and must be re-examined by a doctor the next day. He or she can return to contact sports only if nervous system function is normal and no symptoms are present at rest and with exertion for at least one week. After a second Grade 2 concussion, the athlete cannot return to play for at least one month and may be barred from play for the season. Suffering a third Grade 2 concussion ends play for the season.
Grade 3 is loss of consciousness (more than 5 minutes), ext After a second Grade 3 concussion, the athlete must stop participating for the season and must consider not returning to any contact sport.
Everyone thinks that concussions happen to everyone not just “you”. Concussions can occur at anytime of the day and over the things that you might not think would be able to give you a concussion. Any blow to the head can cause you to have side effects or symptoms. The doctor/ trainer can diagnose you with a concussion no matter how well you think you feel after the blow to the head. Almost every sport have had an athlete been diagnosed with an concussion. Everyone thinks that the male sports have had more diagnosed concussions but female athletes have been proven to be more susceptible to concussions than males are in the same sports.
Boys and girls soccer have many ways that they could be diagnosed or receive a concussion. They could received a concussion by hitting the ball many times with their head that could have the brain bouncing against the skull. They sometimes miss when they’re trying to head a ball and hit someone else’s head instead. There are also collisions on the field.
This article is about a girl who attends Bridgewater, New Jersey is a very competitive athlete. She is one of the girls that absolutely loves what she does as an activity. She goes all out when it comes to her favorite sport which is soccer. But the one game that she was going all out she was going after the ball and another opponent was trying to do the same thing when all the sudden they went head to head and that’s when Melissa Inzitari could see every angle possible. After that hit she loss memory and all but was not knocked out so Melissa thought that she was perfectly
Basketball involves many things that could cause a concussion. Like throwing elbows when someone is on the court and they set up for a post and goes to spin off the defender and hit the athlete in the head. Another way is for the ball hitting the athlete in the head while someone is passing it to someone else and it accidently hit them in the head it could lead to damage to the head. Also some of the athletes are capable of diving out of balance to trying saving a ball from being out. So athletes dive and could possible hit their head on the floor or possible on the bleacher that are next to courts for the audience.
Track and field are very competitive because when you run the object is to run as fast as you can to get pass the finish line first. But when it comes to certain events you have to hop over objects and if you make a wrong step you could possible trip over that object and hit your head on the track and some of the tracks are stone and some are turf which either way you hit your head pretty hard and could cause a pretty bad concussion.
Wrestling is a very dangerous sport due to the slamming that occurs after awhile. When professional wrestlers actually slam each other all the time and hit each other over the head with chairs and other objects that could easily cause a concussion. This sport is definitely one of the difficult sports that could most likely anytime cause a concussion
When playing baseball there are many different things that could cause a concussion like getting hit in the head with a baseball while batting because of the helmet with not that much cushion in it and making the brain bounce against the skull which is counted as a concussion. Another way is when you’re a defender out in the field and a ball flies toward you and it bounces off your glove and hits you in the head or when the ball gets hit very hard to a third baseman and hits him directly in the head which the ball flies like 60 miles per hour toward you head.
Gymnastics is a very difficult sport because in your event you miss one of the spins a little to fast and falls off the beam and hits their head on the ground which some spots are protected by cushion but they could still hit their head so hard that could be diagnosed with a concussion. It takes a lot of balance but a lot of people have their bad days and lose the balance sometimes and could fall.
Football can contain dangerous hits that might cause server damage to the head. The hits that the NFL have been looking at to these day is for helmet to helmet contact. Helmet to helmet contact is so seriously taken right now because studies have shown that 275,ooo have been diagnosed with a concussion in one season during every season in football. It also shows that football is one of the most occurred concussions in the sport.
athletes are at high risk for suffering a concussion were male and female lacrosse, male and female soccer, and female basketball players. A possible explanation may be attributed to the nature of each sport. For example, soccer does not involve intentional collisions between players; however, incidental collisions occur frequently. Soccer players are often required to “head” the ball, but occasionally they miss the ball and strike their opponent's head. Although male lacrosse players are required to wear helmets, the higher incidence of concussions may be the result of their style of play. For example, male lacrosse players are permitted to make body contact with their opponents, which may result in a concussion. Female collegiate lacrosse players are not required to wear a helmet because the sport is classified as noncontact. However, unintentional collisions with opponents' heads or sticks may contribute to the high incidence of concussions.
There are a couple of ways that cheerleaders could get a concussion either know not a lot of people do in cheerleading at least no one hears about them. But first the stunts that the girls have to do because you have to watch out for the other girls that are doing flip on the mat and you have to time each other before going. The base girls are putting themselves in danger because they have to put their body in risk to make sure the flyer does not drop on the mat because that could lead to a major concussion due to the height the flyer extend to when thrown in the air. Also the flyers are the girls that are thrown in the air and they are at major risk also due to them being thrown in the air at a certain height and doing all kinds of flips and what not. Then they have to trust the base girls to catch them. If the base girls do not catch them they will be severely injured.
There are many different ways of getting a concussion in boxing. The constant hits in the face could easily diagnosed a boxer with a concussion. When you get hit in the face constantly it could slowing damage your brain especial in the future. Also when you get knocked down you could slam your head on the ground which is not very soft it self
The jaw is very serious matter if you do not wear a mouth guard while your playing sports.The unprotected athlete takes a direct hit to the chin. The impact forces the lower jaw (Mandible) upward. The end of the lower jaw (Condyle) hits the base of the skull (Socket) causing the brain to move which results in a concussion. The American dental association recommends all of the following sports to wear mouth guards due to this issue with the jaw: Acrobatics, basketball, boxing, field hockey, football, gymnastics, hand ball, ice hockey, lacrosse, martial arts, racquetball, roller hockey, rugby, shot putting, skate boarding, skiing, skydiving, soccer, squash, surfing, volleyball, water polo, weight lifting, wrestling
This is one of the reasons that football is one of the highest rated diagnosed of concussion because the hits that had happen which is head to head contact is a really easy way to get a concussion because of the impact that is received from the defender. The athletes know that there could be very dangerous hits that could occur but when it happens so fast they do not understand that is a quicker way to be diagnosed with a concussion
Symptoms are something to take very seriously because if not then there will be more consequences in the future for that athlete due to not taking care of the symptoms.. When you see the following symptoms such as repeated vomiting, unequal pupils, confused mental state or varying levels of consciousness, and worse of all coma while or before being diagnosed with a concussion then most likely you have a concussion and the athlete is to go to a trainer/ doctor and get checked out because there are many concussions that have lead to more serious things if the concussion is not taken care off right away.
When any of the following symptoms are to appear if you have been or not diagnosed with a concussion these symptoms should be exchange for a phone call to 911 for farther assistance because they are symptoms that are not very easily taken care of by the athlete. So they should be taken to the hospital to figure out how serious the concussion is and what they need to do to heel the brain from anymore symptoms.
These are three different test/ exams that could be taken to evaluate the brain and to figure out how serious the concussion which are a neurologist examination, a head CT and a MRI on the head.
The neurologist examination makes sure that your nerves are working properly during their job and to identify an abnormality in the nervous system. To differentiated peripheral from central nervous system lesions. To establish internal consistency, i.e. does the patient cooperate fully? and are the findings in a specific patient only a variant of normality? This is one of the exams that are perform on athletes that have currently have a head injury or did. he brain can get bruised, blood vessels can be torn, and the nerves inside the brain can be injured. Its like blowing an engine in a car. Dr. Kelly says
The CT in head CT stands for Computerized Tomography. An head CT is like a detail x-ray of the cross-sections through the body. The CT scans can reveal hematomas, hemorrhages, and skull fractures giving the neurologist exactly the information necessary for deciding if emergency treatment is needed and exactly where.
Stands for magnetic resonance imaging, a narrow table that moves the patient through a tunnel-like structure. Inside the structure, radio waves pass through a magnetic field around the patient creating a 3-d image of the internal structures. You are not suppose to move not to much because if you move a lot then the radio waves will not pick up
If a concussion is so serve it might get called a different name do to the different effects it has on it. Second impact Syndrome, post concussion syndrome are the effects that a concussion could lead to if the concussions are not treated right. If you take care of the concussions when the trainer/doctors say then these names will not even pop up while you are in the office while getting a checkup on how the concussion is doing and more important how the athlete is doing.
Second impact syndrome is when a injury to head has occurred but has had another head injury happen to them before the symptoms from the last one has cleared. This would happen if the athlete has returned to their sport way to soon before the symptoms could resolve. Coaches and parents do not realize how important it is to make sure all of the symptoms resolve before going back to play their sport.
Post concussion syndrome occurs when the symptoms from the concussions have been going on for weeks, and months. This currently happens between seven to 10 days and will not last no longer then a month. Even though they can persist to a year and more most people last no more then three months.
If you go to sleep this could lead into more dangerous activities. This is to protect the athlete from having the concussion getting more serious then it is already. Also not waking back up could be another possibility if the athlete were to go to sleep while having a concussion. And if they do end up going to sleep then they should be woken up up another person to make sure there concussion has not gotten worse and most importantly that they wake up from their sleep
There are many myths about concussions if you don’t hear them already that concussion are only a problem in football well technically they are a problem in football with concussions but its not only football that concussions are a problem in. every sport that you play could or has had an athlete been diagnosed with or multiply concussions. Its not the one sport that has server contact.
Another myth is that its not really a concussion if you don’t get knocked out which is a complete wrong answer. A concussion is determined by the symptoms that occur with that athlete and how well they do on the exam that they have to take for the trainers. Concussions are proven to happen on anything that you do and how hard the blow to the head is.
There are large numbers that have covered the specific material that concussions get make on an athlete and how often get concussions and what the chances are getting one. If you wear the correct equipment then there are a slimmer chance of getting a concussion during your sport. There are high percentages for concussions so what many high school sports and now the NFL are doing is having a side line test that will determine if the head injury is a concussion.
Every year there are 300,000 athletes that get diagnosed with a concussion. Its not just one sport that is more dangerous then the other one but really there are greater chances then others but every sport has a great chance of getting a concussion.
Due to all of the sports that the country have in high school to keep children active the children take sports very serious. There are children that take the sports so serious because they are competitive in the sport that enjoy to play. There are some children that are very good at that sport and dominate that sport but when sports get competitive there are a lot of injuries and the injures are based around concussion. Studies have shown that there are 50% of high school athletes that have suffered a concussion. And maybe it was serve but you should always take a concussion serve and treat it as soon as you get diagnosed with one because it has a long term affect on the body in the future if not takin with care.
This movie is about a kid that is on the football and it is his senior year and he’s a quarterback. He knows when he gets hit on defense really hard he shakes up and plays the next round of downs until he gets hit really hard by a defender trying to sack him but when he goes head to head that ended his season. He had to go through three surgeries and he didn’t remember not one thing after the surgeries. He has not have had one job in his life and is now is supervised by a nurse. He is much slower now since the hit to the head in his football game. He doesn’t remember that he played football too. See this is the time when the kid as young adult
To prevent yourself from getting a concussion you must ware the proper equipment and make sure you check the equipment before you actually start to practice or play in a game. If you do not wear the proper equipment you it will affect you in the classroom and you will loss concentration on your school work and you probably have no interest. Also you get irritated very easily so if you do not take care of your safety pay attention to your equipment will be helpful
The big part about not getting or better your chances of not getting a concussion is using equipment that fits that athlete properly it cant be big on the athlete because its an easier way of receiving a concussion because it gives the head more room to shake the head, or possible injure other parts on the body. Mouth guards are one of the most important part of using your equipment because if you get hit in the mouth the shock that you would give you a concussion because of all the nerves. Also check the year that your equipment has been made in because of the year the materials have change over the years and the equipment have gotten more protective