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Concrete Towers - a business case for
sustained local investment
CONCRETE GROWTH
concrete materials engineers
Santie Gouws
Specialist Consultant –
Concrete Materials Engineering
Director –
Concrete Growth
Concrete Towers – a business
case for sustained investment (I)
CONCRETE GROWTH
concrete materials engineers
Concrete Towers – a business
case for sustained investment (II)
Relevance of Concrete Towers (I)
Global Development of Turbine Capacity
and Tower Height
IPCC – Intergovernmental panel on climate change 2011
CONCRETE GROWTH
concrete materials engineers
onshore
onshore
Offshore Offshore
Relevance of Concrete Towers (II)
US Wind Potential Capacity at 140m hub
height – published late 2014
CONCRETE GROWTH
concrete materials engineers
Relevance of Concrete Towers (III)
South Africa’s first wind farms 2013-2013
• Hub height 80 to 100m, turbine capacity 2 to 3 MW
• Concrete towers cost effective from 90m
• Concrete towers – ‘local’ by their very nature
CONCRETE GROWTH
concrete materials engineers
onshore
onshore
Offshore Offshore
Relevance of Concrete Towers (IV)
• Acciona Windpower’s Gouda towers
• Local Investment
• Benefits achieved
CONCRETE GROWTH
concrete materials engineers
Acciona Windpower’s Concrete Towers (I)
• Patented precast concrete tower design,
complete with engineering drawings and
manufacturing specifications
• 100m and 120m hub heights available
• Developed in-house and commercialized over
the past 8 years
• Reproduced internationally through use of local
contractors without the need for specialized
labour or equipment
• Rolled out in Spain, Brazil, Mexico, Poland
• Now also in
South Africa
• 250 towers to
date
CONCRETE GROWTH
concrete materials engineers
Acciona Windpower’s Concrete Towers (II)
Gouda Wind Farm – South Africa
• 46 towers with 100m hub height
• 5 cylindrical 20m concrete sections per tower
• 2 - 4 precast concrete segments per 20m section
• 17 precast concrete segments per tower
• 782 segments in total from 5 moulds ~ 16 500 m3
• ~ 60t per segment
• Manufactured in CT
• Transported 100 km
to Gouda site
• On site assembly
CONCRETE GROWTH
concrete materials engineers
Acciona Windpower’s Concrete Towers (III)
Precast Concrete Manufacturing Process
Acciona Windpower’s Concrete Towers (IV)
On-site Assembly Process
Investment into Localization (I)
Key Local Role Players for Gouda
• Concrete Units (SA) with engineering input from
Windtechnic (Spain) – precast manufacture
• Argent - Megamix - concrete
• RSC and Steeledale - reinforcement
• Afrisam - aggregates
• PPC Cement – cement
• BASF SA - admixture
• Absolute Rigging - transport
• B D Materials – grouting contractor
• Sika SA – grout/epoxy sealant/chord
• Concrete Growth – quality management of
precast manufactureCONCRETE GROWTH
concrete materials engineers
CONCRETE GROWTH
concrete materials engineers
Investment into Localization (II)
Precast capability base prior to the project
• Peak production and logistics
management rate ~ 500m3/week
• Under-roof factory ~ 3000m2
• Open-air factory area ~ 10 000m2
• Handling equipment
• 100t gantry crane
• 10t reinforcing gantry
• Production staff ~ 50/month
• Steel reinforcing tensile
strength of 450MPa
• Concrete design strength of
50MPa
• Normal vibrated concrete
CONCRETE GROWTH
concrete materials engineers
Investment into Localization (III)
Manufacturing requirements for Gouda
• 10 month manufacturing period ~ peak 650m3/w
• Structural concrete to European Standards
• Steel Reinforcing Tensile Strength 500MPa
• Concrete Design Strength of 75MPa
• Self-compacting concrete, no vibration
• Moulds by AWP,
set up by
contractor
• Dimensional
tolerances
to < 1cm
CONCRETE GROWTH
concrete materials engineers
Investment into Localization (IV)
Factory upgrade by Concrete Units
• Additional under roof area ~ 1100m2
• Handling equipment increased
• Two additional 35t gantry cranes
• Additional 16t reinforcing crane
• Time Frame ~ 10 weeks (during project start-up)
• Financial Investment ~
R12 000 000
CONCRETE GROWTH
concrete materials engineers
Investment into Localization (V)
Investment into people and technology
• Technology transfer through Acciona
Windpower’s ‘Manufacturing Instructions’
• ‘how to’ manual based on Spanish
conditions, materials, methods
• Learning by doing and ‘localizing’
• High strength self-
compacting concrete
• Vertical Joints
• Measuring of performance
by Acciona’s Quality
Management System
Measuring the performance
• Acciona Windpower’s Quality Management
System
Investment into Localization (VI)
CONCRETE GROWTH
concrete materials engineers
Benefits realized (I)
CONCRETE GROWTH
concrete materials engineers
Investment into people
• Quality Management System as measurement
tool
Local expenditure on raw materials
782 segments ~ 97 % local content
Manufacture of Segments
Concrete (material) 16 500 m3 R 30 000 000
Reinforcement 2 800 t R 26 000 000
Post tensioning
cable
100 t R 2 000 000
TPA – lifting hooks 6256 nr off R 2 000 000
Metallic ducts 8 300 m R 300 000
Assembly of Segments
Grout 38 t per tower
Benefits realized (II)
Jobs created and new skills learnt
(Peak production staff component)
• Engineering component (manufacture)
• 10 persons (4 Spanish)
• Quality management team
• 6 persons
• Total staff component ~ 216 persons
• 48 persons sourced from Gouda
• 25 % of these 48 will be incorporated into
the next project
 Learnt to work with high strength self-
compacting concrete
 Learnt to work in highly industrialized
precast set-up with strict Quality Control
782 Segments Completed – on time and within budget
 Cost and lead-time reductions possible for future wind turbine
tower supply.
Benefits realized (III)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
05-Feb19-Feb05-Mar19-Mar02-Apr16-Apr30-Apr14-May28-May11-Jun 25-Jun 09-Jul 23-Jul 06-Aug20-Aug03-Sep17-Sep01-Oct 15-Oct 29-Oct12-Nov26-Nov10-Dec24-Dec
277 units in 5 months
55 units/month
470 units in 3,75 months
125 units/month
Peak
production rate
650 m3/week
Localization of Acciona Windpower’s
Precast Concrete Tower Technology
INPUT
• Low capital investment and short implementation
phase of factory upgrade
• Training through learning by doing and measuring
OUTPUT
 Gouda Wind Farm 46 WTG’s, 3MW on concrete towers
 97% local content in tower segments
 216 jobs created, some permanent
 High skills and technology development in local
precast concrete manufacture industry
 Potential for future reduction in cost and lead time
 Potential for application of new skills back into local
construction industry
 Real risk of loosing skills if investment not sustained
Conclusions

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Concrete Towers - a business case for sustained investment_Rev 5

  • 1. Concrete Towers - a business case for sustained local investment CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Santie Gouws Specialist Consultant – Concrete Materials Engineering Director – Concrete Growth
  • 2. Concrete Towers – a business case for sustained investment (I) CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers
  • 3. Concrete Towers – a business case for sustained investment (II)
  • 4. Relevance of Concrete Towers (I) Global Development of Turbine Capacity and Tower Height IPCC – Intergovernmental panel on climate change 2011 CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers onshore onshore Offshore Offshore
  • 5. Relevance of Concrete Towers (II) US Wind Potential Capacity at 140m hub height – published late 2014 CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers
  • 6. Relevance of Concrete Towers (III) South Africa’s first wind farms 2013-2013 • Hub height 80 to 100m, turbine capacity 2 to 3 MW • Concrete towers cost effective from 90m • Concrete towers – ‘local’ by their very nature CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers onshore onshore Offshore Offshore
  • 7. Relevance of Concrete Towers (IV) • Acciona Windpower’s Gouda towers • Local Investment • Benefits achieved CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers
  • 8. Acciona Windpower’s Concrete Towers (I) • Patented precast concrete tower design, complete with engineering drawings and manufacturing specifications • 100m and 120m hub heights available • Developed in-house and commercialized over the past 8 years • Reproduced internationally through use of local contractors without the need for specialized labour or equipment • Rolled out in Spain, Brazil, Mexico, Poland • Now also in South Africa • 250 towers to date CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers
  • 9. Acciona Windpower’s Concrete Towers (II) Gouda Wind Farm – South Africa • 46 towers with 100m hub height • 5 cylindrical 20m concrete sections per tower • 2 - 4 precast concrete segments per 20m section • 17 precast concrete segments per tower • 782 segments in total from 5 moulds ~ 16 500 m3 • ~ 60t per segment • Manufactured in CT • Transported 100 km to Gouda site • On site assembly CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers
  • 10. Acciona Windpower’s Concrete Towers (III) Precast Concrete Manufacturing Process
  • 11. Acciona Windpower’s Concrete Towers (IV) On-site Assembly Process
  • 12. Investment into Localization (I) Key Local Role Players for Gouda • Concrete Units (SA) with engineering input from Windtechnic (Spain) – precast manufacture • Argent - Megamix - concrete • RSC and Steeledale - reinforcement • Afrisam - aggregates • PPC Cement – cement • BASF SA - admixture • Absolute Rigging - transport • B D Materials – grouting contractor • Sika SA – grout/epoxy sealant/chord • Concrete Growth – quality management of precast manufactureCONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers
  • 13. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Investment into Localization (II) Precast capability base prior to the project • Peak production and logistics management rate ~ 500m3/week • Under-roof factory ~ 3000m2 • Open-air factory area ~ 10 000m2 • Handling equipment • 100t gantry crane • 10t reinforcing gantry • Production staff ~ 50/month • Steel reinforcing tensile strength of 450MPa • Concrete design strength of 50MPa • Normal vibrated concrete
  • 14. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Investment into Localization (III) Manufacturing requirements for Gouda • 10 month manufacturing period ~ peak 650m3/w • Structural concrete to European Standards • Steel Reinforcing Tensile Strength 500MPa • Concrete Design Strength of 75MPa • Self-compacting concrete, no vibration • Moulds by AWP, set up by contractor • Dimensional tolerances to < 1cm
  • 15. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Investment into Localization (IV) Factory upgrade by Concrete Units • Additional under roof area ~ 1100m2 • Handling equipment increased • Two additional 35t gantry cranes • Additional 16t reinforcing crane • Time Frame ~ 10 weeks (during project start-up) • Financial Investment ~ R12 000 000
  • 16. CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Investment into Localization (V) Investment into people and technology • Technology transfer through Acciona Windpower’s ‘Manufacturing Instructions’ • ‘how to’ manual based on Spanish conditions, materials, methods • Learning by doing and ‘localizing’ • High strength self- compacting concrete • Vertical Joints • Measuring of performance by Acciona’s Quality Management System
  • 17. Measuring the performance • Acciona Windpower’s Quality Management System Investment into Localization (VI) CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers
  • 18. Benefits realized (I) CONCRETE GROWTH concrete materials engineers Investment into people • Quality Management System as measurement tool Local expenditure on raw materials 782 segments ~ 97 % local content Manufacture of Segments Concrete (material) 16 500 m3 R 30 000 000 Reinforcement 2 800 t R 26 000 000 Post tensioning cable 100 t R 2 000 000 TPA – lifting hooks 6256 nr off R 2 000 000 Metallic ducts 8 300 m R 300 000 Assembly of Segments Grout 38 t per tower
  • 19. Benefits realized (II) Jobs created and new skills learnt (Peak production staff component) • Engineering component (manufacture) • 10 persons (4 Spanish) • Quality management team • 6 persons • Total staff component ~ 216 persons • 48 persons sourced from Gouda • 25 % of these 48 will be incorporated into the next project  Learnt to work with high strength self- compacting concrete  Learnt to work in highly industrialized precast set-up with strict Quality Control
  • 20. 782 Segments Completed – on time and within budget  Cost and lead-time reductions possible for future wind turbine tower supply. Benefits realized (III) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 05-Feb19-Feb05-Mar19-Mar02-Apr16-Apr30-Apr14-May28-May11-Jun 25-Jun 09-Jul 23-Jul 06-Aug20-Aug03-Sep17-Sep01-Oct 15-Oct 29-Oct12-Nov26-Nov10-Dec24-Dec 277 units in 5 months 55 units/month 470 units in 3,75 months 125 units/month Peak production rate 650 m3/week
  • 21. Localization of Acciona Windpower’s Precast Concrete Tower Technology INPUT • Low capital investment and short implementation phase of factory upgrade • Training through learning by doing and measuring OUTPUT  Gouda Wind Farm 46 WTG’s, 3MW on concrete towers  97% local content in tower segments  216 jobs created, some permanent  High skills and technology development in local precast concrete manufacture industry  Potential for future reduction in cost and lead time  Potential for application of new skills back into local construction industry  Real risk of loosing skills if investment not sustained Conclusions