Consciousness refers to our subjective awareness and ability to reason, plan, and monitor progress towards goals. Psychology studies both conscious and unconscious behaviors and processes. Philosophically, dualism views consciousness as separate from the physical body, while others see it as existing solely in the brain. Sleep involves four stages in a repeating cycle, including REM dreaming sleep and changes in brain waves, temperature, and heart rate. Disorders like insomnia and sleep apnea can disrupt normal sleep patterns. Psychoactive drugs alter consciousness by affecting neurotransmitters and include stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and opioids. Hypnosis, sensory deprivation, and meditation are other means of inducing changed states of consciousness.

1. Consciousness

2. What is it?
 Our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment
 Functional
 Reason
 Plan
 Monitor progress of goals we set for ourselves

3. Consciousness and Psychology… Over
the Years
 Freud
 Personality theories
 Unconscious and conscious behaviors
 Id, Ego, Superego (spoiler alert)
 Automatic and Controlled behaviors
 Implicit and Explicit cognitive processes

4. Consciousness and Philosophy
 Dualism
 Descartes
 The idea that the mind is separate from the physical body
 Psychology Vs Dualist Argument
 The consciousness exists in the brain not separate from it
 Bonus Question: What is this argument known as?

5. Sleep
https://youtu.be/tVwJ9CpFvmo

6. So what was that song saying?
 Four Stages of Sleep
 The cycle lasts about 90 mins
 Non-REM
 Stage 1 (transition sleep)
 Theta waves
 5-10 mins
 Stage 2
 20 mins
 Brain produces Sleep Spindles
 Body temp drops
 Heart rate slows

7. More Sleep
 Stage 3
 Delta waves
 Slow
 The beginning of deep sleep
 Sleep walking and bed wetting occur during this stage
 Stage 4 or REM sleep
 REM= Rapid Eye Movement
 Dreaming
 Paralyzed
 Circadian Rhythms
 24 hour cycle
 Responds to light and darkness

8. Sleep
 Sleep is important
 https://youtu.be/ZPpvS9wDOcA
 Randy Gardner
 Guinness World Record Holder for days without sleep
 Any guesses?
 Moodiness
 Problems concentrating
 Short-term memory loss
 Paranoia
 Hallucinations

9. Sleep Disorders
 Insomnia
 Difficulty falling or staying asleep
 Sleep apnea
 Breathing that repeatedly stops and starts
 Narcolepsy
 Inability to regulate sleep and wakefulness
 Sleep walking
 Walking or performing complex behaviors while asleep

10. Meet Kenneth Parks
 May 23, 1987

11. Consciousness and Drugs
 Psychoactive drugs
 Chemicals that change our states of consciousness, perceptions, and moods
 Stimulants
 Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines
 Block reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
 Depressants
 Alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, inhalents
 Reduce activity in CNS
 Opiods
 Opium, morphine, heroin, codeine
 Increase activity in opioid receptor neurons in brain and digestive system
 Results in euphoria, slower breathing, and constipation

12. Drug (cont.)
 Hallucinogens
 Cannabis and LSD
 Alter sensation and perception
 Can result in hallucinations

13. Meet Rudy and Eugene
 May 26, 2012

14. Long Story Short…
Don’t Do
Drugs

15. Hypnosis
 A trance like state of consciousness
 Heightened suggestibility
 Deep relaxation
 Intense focus
 Used to change unwanted behaviors
 Smoking
 Eating
 Drinking

16. Sensory Deprivation
 Intentional reduction of stimuli affecting one or more of the five senses
with the possibility of resulting changes in consciousness
 Used for mediation and relaxation
 Prolonged deprivation is a form of torture

17. Meditation
 Techniques in which the individual focuses on something specific
 An object, word, or their breathing
 Ignoring external distractions
 Positive health effects