CONCEPT.ppt
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This document discusses key concepts related to disease, including: 1. Disease is defined as a condition that impairs the body's health or disrupts its normal functions. It can be seen as a maladjustment to the environment. 2. Disease causation is multifactorial, involving agents, hosts, and environmental factors in an interconnected web. While germ theory revolutionized thinking, epidemiologists now recognize multiple interacting causes. 3. Risk factors are attributes or exposures associated with increased likelihood of disease and can sometimes be modified through intervention to reduce disease occurrence. A risk factor may be causative or only predictive. Disease risk depends on interactions between agent, host, and environmental factors.
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1. Periodontal diseases can damage the pulp through microbial, physical, or chemical irritants. Microbial irritants like dental caries or periodontal infections allow bacteria to enter the pulp. Physical irritants include operative procedures, trauma, orthodontic movements, and deep periodontal curettage. Chemical irritants involve dental materials and antibacterial agents.
2. In response, the pulp attempts defense reactions like tubular sclerosis, tertiary dentin formation, and varying degrees of inflammation. Calcium hydroxide is commonly used in direct and indirect pulp capping procedures due to its ability to stimulate hard tissue formation and create an alkaline environment against bacteria. Successful outcomes depend on several factors.
NON CARIOUS LESIONS AND MANAGEMENT.pptx
The document discusses various types of non-carious lesions including attrition, abrasion, abfraction, and erosion. It describes the causes and characteristics of each lesion and provides examples of cases. Treatment options are focused on removing the cause, restoring the tooth if needed, and addressing sensitivity or risk of further damage. Restorative materials suggested include composites, glass ionomers, and sometimes metal restorations depending on the location and severity of the lesion. Management involves correcting habits, protecting exposed dentin, and restoring integrity and function of the tooth.
introduction-ENDODONTICS.pptx
This document provides a historical overview of endodontics from the 17th century to present day. Some key developments include Fauchard describing pulp removal in 1746, the introduction of gutta-percha as a filling material in 1847, and the discovery of X-rays in 1895 which allowed for better diagnosis and treatment planning. Over time, procedures have become more refined with the adoption of rubber dams, improved instruments, irrigants, and obturation techniques. Modern endodontics utilizes technologies like CBCT, electronic apex locators, microscopes, rotary files, ultrasonic irrigation, and biocompatible sealers to optimize outcomes.
Intracanal Medicaments.pptx
This document discusses intracanal medicaments used in endodontic treatment. It defines intracanal medicaments as temporary placement of biocompatible medications into root canals to inhibit bacterial invasion from the oral cavity. The document outlines the history and ideal requirements of intracanal medications. It describes common medications used like chlorhexidine, formocresol, calcium hydroxide, antibiotics, steroids, and herbal options. The functions and mechanisms of these various medications are summarized.
cavity designs.pptx
1. There are various cavity designs for amalgam restorations depending on the location and extent of the dental caries. Cavity designs are classified based on the Black Classification system as Class I through Class VI cavities.
2. Key principles of tooth preparation for amalgam restorations include establishing an outline form that extends the cavity margins into sound tooth structure. The cavity should have a primary resistance form and features like cavosurface margins, reverse curves, and retention forms or locks to resist forces and retain the restoration.
3. Specific cavity preparations are described for different classes of cavities, including designs for single surface Class I cavities, multi-surface Class I cavities, various Class II cavity designs for proximal lesions
airabrasion.pptx
Air abrasion uses compressed air to propel aluminum oxide particles to remove tooth structure for restorations. It is a minimally invasive alternative to drills that causes little damage to sound tooth structures. Air abrasion works quickly without vibration, pressure, or heat compared to drills. It is well-suited for removing small areas of decay, repairing existing restorations, and preparing surfaces for bonding and sealants. Precautions include protecting the patient and dental team from abrasive particles and controlling the air pressure and distance from the tooth.
PAIN CONTROL in operative dentistry.pptx
This document discusses pain control in operative dentistry. It begins with definitions of pain and classifications of pain based on duration (acute, persistent, chronic) and sensory characteristics (fast and slow pain). The neural pathways of pain and various theories of pain are described. Methods of assessing pain and factors that influence pain perception are outlined. Common causes of orofacial pain are listed along with differential diagnosis of pain. Techniques for controlling pain in restorative dentistry are provided, including local anesthesia and gaining patient confidence.
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CONCEPT.ppt
- 1. CONCEPT OF DISEASE Dr.Suresh Babu Professor Dept of Public Health Dentistry Navodaya Dental College
- 2. A condition in which body health is impaired A condition of the body or some part or organ of the body in which its functions are disrupted or deranged” A maladjustment of the human organism to the environment
- 3. Disease is considered a social phenomenon, occurring in all societies The term “disease” literally means “without ease” Illness is a subjective state of the person who feels aware of not being well Sickness is a state of social dysfunction, i.e., a role that the individual assumes when ill (“sickness role”)
- 4. CONCEPTS OF CAUSATION • The supernatural theory of disease, the theory of humors, the concept of contagion, miasmatic theory of disease, the theory of spontaneous generation
- 5. Germ theory of disease Disease agent Man Disease The germ theory of disease, though it was a revolutionary concept, led many epidemiologists to take one-sided view of disease causation
- 7. Multifactorial causation • Pettenkofer of Munich (1819-1901) was an early proponent of this concept • Epidemiology has contributed significantly to our present day understanding of multifactorial causation of disease
- 8. Web of causation • This model of disease causation was suggested by MacMahon and Pugh in their book: "Epidemiologic Principles and Methods
- 10. NATURAL HISTORY OF DISEASE •
- 12. Agent factors: 1.Biological agents 2. Nutrient agents 3. Physical agents 4. Chemical agents 5. Mechanical agents 6. Social agents
- 13. Host factors (intrinsic) I) Demographic (ii) Biological characteristics (iii) Social and economic characteristics (iv) Lifestyle factors
- 14. Environmental factors (extrinsic) • physical, • biological and • psychosocial
- 15. Risk factors • an attribute or exposure that is significantly associated with the development of a disease • a determinant that can be modified by intervention, thereby reducing the possibility of occurrence of disease or other specified outcomes
- 16. • Risk factors are often suggestive, but absolute proof of cause and effect between a risk factor and disease is usually lacking • The important thing about risk factors is that they are observable or identifiable prior to the event they predict
- 17. • Risk factors may be truly causative • They may be predictive only in a statistical sense • Some risk factors can be modified; others cannot be modified.
- 18. Disease Risk factors • Heart disease Smoking, high blood pressure, elevated serum cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, lack of exercise, • Cancer Smoking, alcohol, solar radiation, ionizing radiation, work-site hazards, environmental pollution, medications, infectious agents, dietary factors. • Stroke High blood pressure, elevated cholesterol, smoking • Motor vehicle accidents Alcohol, non-use of seat belts, speed, automobile design, roadway design • Diabetes Obesity, diet • Cirrhosis of liver Alcohol
- 19. Spectrum of disease • The term "spectrum of disease" is a graphic representation of variations in the manifestations of disease • At one end of the disease spectrum are subclinical infections which are not ordinarily identified and at the other end are fatal illnesses. • In the middle of the spectrum lie illnesses ranging in severity from mild to severe