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Comtech johnny-bc-day-2009

- Comtech provides advanced communication solutions and technologies that drive efficiencies such as modulation and coding improvements and equalization techniques. - Their solutions include products for broadcast applications such as direct-to-home satellite TV, satellite news gathering, and IP-based content delivery over satellite. - They discussed DVB-S2 standards which improve spectral efficiency through updated modulation schemes and coding gains from LDPC coding.

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ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS Johnny MarmolejosJohnny Marmolejos Sr. Sales EngineerSr. Sales Engineer 16 June16 June’’ 0909 Technologies thatTechnologies that Drive EfficienciesDrive Efficiencies (Trends in Broadcasting)(Trends in Broadcasting)
Agenda • Company Overview • Technologies That Drive Efficiencies – Modulation and Coding Improvements – Power, Bandwidth and Throughput Tradeoff – Equalization • Comtech Solutions For Broadcast • Broadcast (One & Two-Way) Solutions • DVB-S2 CCM & VCM Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 2
• Comtech Telecommunications Corporation is the parent company of Comtech EF Data • Founded in 1967 • Market leader in delivering advanced communications equipment and solutions to a diverse, blue chip customer base in the global commercial and defense communications markets • Corporate headquarters based in Melville, New York • Stock symbol NASDAQ: CMTL • Fiscal year 2008 revenues US $531.6 Million Business is conducted through three segments Telecommunications Transmission Develops products and systems that increase satellite data throughput and enhance satellite transponder bandwidth efficiency and that enable wireless communications in environments where terrestrial communications are unavailable, inefficient or too expensive. •Comtech EF Data Corp.. •Memotec, Inc. •Comtech Systems, Inc. •Comtech AHA Corp. •Comtech Antenna Systems, Inc. •Comtech TV (Comtech Tiernan Video, Inc.) Mobile Data Communications Provides its defense and commercial customers with a complete solution to enable satellite-based mobile on-the-move communications when real-time, secure transmission is necessary. •Comtech Mobile Datacom Corp. •Comtech AeroAstro, Inc. RF Microwave Amplifiers Designs and produces solid-state, high-power broadband amplifiers which are incorporated into sophisticated electronic warfare, commercial communications, and medical systems. •Comtech PST Corp. •Hill Engineering •Comtech Xicom Technology, Inc. 3 Comtech EF DataComtech EF Data Comtech Proprietary & Confidential
Company Overview • Our products are optimizing satellite links for commercial and government customers – Satellite Operators – Cellular Service Providers – System Integrators – Broadcast and Satellite News Gathering – Ministries & Government Agencies – Educational Institutions – Offshore Oil & Gas – Maritime – Enterprise 4Comtech Proprietary & Confidential
ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS Technologies ThatTechnologies That Drive EfficienciesDrive Efficiencies
Technologies That Drive Efficiencies • Modulation and Coding Improvements – Modulation Types and Tradeoffs – Coding efficiencies and new standards • Power, Bandwidth and Throughput Tradeoff – Balancing your capacity needs with available resources • Equalization – Minimizing Frequently Encountered Satellite Impairments Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 6
Modulation and Coding Improvements • Modulation improvements: – Improvements have focused on structure of constellation – Constellations have been optimized for throughput and to minimize effects of amplifier compression • Coding gains: – Processors, chip design and speed now make coding gains approach theoretical limits – Tradeoffs between coding gain and latency still exist Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 7
Modulation Improvements: Constellation Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 8 Efficiency Legacy Method Newer Method Reason 2 Bits / Hz & 3 Bits / Hz QPSK / 8PSK QPSK / 8PSK Highly Efficient – no changes, no amplitude element 4 Bits / Hz 16QAM 16APSK Improved performance when amplifiers run into saturation 5 Bits / Hz Relatively Unused 32APSK Enables extreme BW vs. throughput Minimizes effects of compression
9 Modulation and Power Equivalent Bandwidth (PEB) Relative Bandwidth (%) – for same data rate -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 16QAM 7/816QAM 7/8 16QAM 3/416QAM 3/4 8PSK 5/68PSK 5/6 8PSK 2/38PSK 2/3 QPSK 7/8QPSK 7/8 QPSK 3/4QPSK 3/4 QPSK 1/2QPSK 1/2 QPSK 1/2 = 100% QPSK 16QAM 8PSK Comtech Proprietary & Confidential Increasing PowerIncreasing Power Increasing BWIncreasing BW
Coding Gains • Satellite Links are inherently noisy / weak links, so we need to add layers of coding to improve the connection • Scientists essentially “wrap” the payload with correction algorithms • New coding algorithms such as LDPC&BCH are now available due to the processing power of today’s newer, higher speed chips Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 10
Coding Gains • For One-Way non latency sensitive links LDPC&BCH coding is the best available • LDPC is quite simply the best error correction codec the industry has ever seen • This new codec is roughly 2.5dB better in performance than DVB-S coding • The codec is 0.7dB from a theoretical limit (Shannon’s Limit) Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 11
Coding Gains • Interesting “Quotes” “ the LDPC code, was selected from amongst seven proposals, and the comparison required something like one million Gbit simulations and 40,000 days of computer work ” (Alberto Morello – Chairman of DVB-S2 Ad-Hoc Group) “The theoretical limit allows for an infinite number of calculations and over an infinitely long block of data … so to get within 0.7dB is quite close since we live in the “real world” Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 12
What do coding gains give me? • The new DVB-S2 codec (LDPC) allows for some real-world savings • Now that you have a codec with an additional 2.5dB in coding gain you can “use” this gain to do quite a few things – You could lower antenna sizes – You could use lower cost power amplifiers – You could change modulation or FEC and reduce BW – You could change modulation or FEC, keep the BW and get more data through the same size “pipe” Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 13
Is LDPC&BCH always the right choice? • In the one-way broadcast world it is hard to argue that any other codec should be used • Reasons to choose other codecs: – Large installed base of HW only supports older codecs – Network is bi-directional with low data rate and latency sensitive applications Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 14
Tradeoff between coding gain and latency Codec Performance Latency Used Where DVB-S2 LDPC Long Block Best throughput vs. power >100ms @ 2Mb <25ms @ 10Mb One-Way and High Speed 2 way to mitigate latency Comtech VersaFEC ~ 0.3dB worse than DVB-S2 LDPC Long Block <3ms @ 2Mb Duplex latency sensitive links with excellent performance Turbo Coding ~ 1.3dB worse than DVB-S2 LDPC <2ms @ 2Mb Extremely low latency open standard Viterbi + RS (DVB-S) ~ 2.5dB worse than DVB-S2 LDPC <3ms @ 2Mb Legacy networks where hardware is in place Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 15
Power, Bandwidth and Throughput Tradeoff • Power: Eb/No, Es/No, C/N (dB) • Bandwidth: Spectral Efficiency (SE) Mbps/Hz • Throughput: Mbps • Various Types of Optimization – Same throughput with less power / bandwidth – Same power / bandwidth with more throughput – DTH: smallest dish reaching most subscribers Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 16 Satellite Power & Bandwidth
Power, Bandwidth and Throughput Tradeoff Bandwidth • Transponders have 2 finite resources: • Power – Watts or dBW available • Bandwidth (BW) – Hz available • Key is to balance power and bandwidth use Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 17 Power
18 DVBDVB--S2 Spectral Efficiency (bps/Hz) versus C/N (dB)S2 Spectral Efficiency (bps/Hz) versus C/N (dB) 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 C/N [dB] in Rs Ru[bit/s]perunitRs QPSK 8PSK 16APSK 32APSK DVB-S Dotted lines= modulation constrained Shannon limit DVB-DSNG DVB-S2 Spectral Efficiency Modem Designers Love This Plot Satellite Service Providers Live By It Comtech Proprietary & Confidential DVB‐S2 QPSK  1/2 DVB‐S2 QPSK  1/2 DVB‐S QPSK  1/2 DVB‐S QPSK  1/2
19 Power & Bandwidth Tradeoffs Example Same Throughput Less Power Same Power Less Bandwidth • DVB-S versus DVB-S2 – Lower Eb/No requires less power – Higher efficiency uses less bandwidth 2.8 1.49 QPSK 3/4 5.3 1.38 DVB-S Viterbi + RS DVB-S2 LDPC Coding Eb/No (dB) Bandwidth Efficiency (bps/ Hz) 5.1 2.23 8PSK 3/4 Not Available DVB-S Viterbi + RS DVB-S2 LDPC Coding LDPC Less BW LDPC: Less Power DVB‐SDVB‐S DVB‐S2DVB‐S2 BB AA Comtech Proprietary & Confidential A ≈Same Throughput Less Power Eb/No from 5.3 dB to 2.8 dB B ≈Same Power Less Bandwidth SE from 1.38 bps/Hz vs 2.23 bps/Hz A ≈Same Throughput Less Power Eb/No from 5.3 dB to 2.8 dB B ≈Same Power Less Bandwidth SE from 1.38 bps/Hz vs 2.23 bps/Hz
OPEX Reduction Example 1 SD Channel: SD 4Mb MPEG-2 Chan. SD 4Mb MPEG-2 Chan. SD 2Mb MPEG-4 Chan. DVB-S DVB-S2 DVB-S2 QPSK 3/4 Rate FEC 8PSK 3/4 Rate FEC 8PSK 3/4 Rate FEC Requires 2.9MHz BW Requires 1.8MHz BW Requires 0.9MHz BW @ $2,500 per Mhz / Month @ $2,500 per Mhz / Month @ $2,500 per Mhz / Month $7,250 per Month $4,500 per Month $2,250 per Month Equals $87,000 / Year Equals $54,000 / Year Equals $27,000 / Year No Savings $33,000 Savings / Year $60,000 Savings / Year Just moving to DVB-S2 Move to DVB-S2 and using MPEG-4 Coding Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 20
Frequently Encountered Impairment • Amplitude and Group Delay Variation (linear) – Degrades performance • Solution – Automatically equalize uplink • Advantages – Works with multiple carriers – Equalizes uplink and satellite transponder – No changes to receive site – Improves QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM, 16APSK, 32APSK Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 21
AutoEQ™ Application In Latin America • AutoEQ™ DM240XR Modulator Option – Equalizes uplink and transponder Corrects amplitude and group delay – Only L-Band equalizer ! – One time auto-calibration Eliminates manual equalizer adjustments • Direct To Home Application – Equalize one time at hub – Improves performance of all set top boxes (generally Q/8PSK) Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 22 No AutoEQ™ With AutoEQ™
ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS Comtech EF DataComtech EF Data Solutions ForSolutions For BroadcastBroadcast 1 Way1 Way 2 Way2 Way ““Your WayYour Way””
Broadcast (One Way) Solutions • DTH (Direct To Home Broadcast) • Contribution Feeds – Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG) – Fly-Away Packages • HITS (“Headend In The Sky”) distribution – Telco Video Distribution – Business enterprise video and data distribution Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 24
One Way - DTH (Direct To Home Broadcast) • Comtech has the widest selection of DTH satellite uplink hardware: – Satellite Modems & Modulators – Frequency Converters – High Power Amplifiers – Switching & Redundancy Options – Signal Monitoring Equipment Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 25
One Way - DTH (Direct To Home Broadcast) • Over 4,000 satellite modems/modulators sold to DTH providers worldwide • Frequency converters average over 350,000 hours of service without outage • TWTA Amplifiers deployed by every U.S.-based DTH operator Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 26 Comtech EF Data Equipment Comtech Xicom Technology Equipment
One Way – SNG & Fly-Away • Video Encoders • Satellite Modulators • Freq. Converters • Compact Amplifiers • Confidence Monitors Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 27
One Way – HITS / IPTV and File Based Feeds • Delivery of video, advertising, local programming • Non Real-Time file based platform Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 28
29 One Way - Avail Media Case Study IPTV Service Provider • Aggregate over 180 channels of Standard Definition Programming and 16 channels of High Definition – ESPN, Discovery HD, Showtime, Starz, MTV, etc – Content ingested at Teleport • Content is encoded to MPEG-4 / IP & Encrypted • Content is sent on 9 transponders over 3 satellites • Receive location uses up to 18 CMR-5975 / site (2 for each transponder for redundancy) • Each transponder is about 70 Mbps of data • L-band In IP Out • Delivered to consumer via ADSL, Cable or FTH
30 One Way - Avail Media Case Study IPTV Service Provider CME-5110 DVB IP Encapsulator (18) CMR-5975 DVB-S2 Receivers CDM-710 DVB-S2 Modulator
Broadcast (Two Way) Solutions • Point to Multi-Point IP Networks • Rapid ISP market penetration • High Speed Content Delivery • IPTV / Business Television Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 31
Two-Way CCM&VCM CDM-740 Value Proposition • Integrated 1 RU solution with DVB-S/S2 receiver and Turbo SCPC return modulator – Shared high speed outbound DVB-S or S2 carrier with support for advanced DVB-S2 modulation – TPC for efficient low latency data return channel • Support for VCM – Allows the operator to group remotes by MODCODS at the hub for more efficient use of bandwidth or higher user capacity – No configuration change at remote required to support CCM and VCM 32
Broadcast (Two Way) Solutions Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 33 IP Network Cloud DM240XR CMR-8500 CDD-564/L Stack Gig-E SW IP IP IP IP Site 1 CDM-740 IP Site 2 CDM-740 IP Site N CDM-740 LPOD BUC/LNB LPOD BUC/LNB LPOD BUC/LNB DVB-S / DVB-S2 Outbound TPC Returns
Two Way - DVB-S2 CCM & VCM Operation 34
DVB-S2 CCM vs. VCM Case 1 • Point to Multi-Point networks that use CCM must have all sites receiving the same Coding and Modulation • Networks where all sites have the same EIRP or where antennas have been sized to compensate for satellite contours use CCM Case 2 • Some Point to Multi-Point networks have multiple sites that fall on different EIRP contours but have the same size antennas • These sites can benefit from Variable Coding and Modulation (VCM) 35
DVB-S2 CCM vs. VCM 36 ZONE 1 EIRP = 52 dBW ZONE 2 EIRP = 50 dBW ZONE 3 EIRP = 48 dBW • Consider a point to multi-point network consisting of a hub and 3 remotes • CCM would limit the throughput of all sites to that of the most disadvantaged site (Site “C”) • Using a 13.33Msps (18Mhz) carrier again and assuming Site “C” can run at DVB-S2 QPSK 4/5 Site “C” and ALL sites would be limited to 21.2 Mbps • Site A• Site B • Site C
DVB-S2 CCM vs. VCM 37 ZONE 1 EIRP = 52 dBW ZONE 2 EIRP = 50 dBW ZONE 3 EIRP = 48 dBW • VCM takes advantage of the different EIRPs • Each EIRP has a “best fit” MODCOD (modulation and coding) that maximizes throughput for that contour • Site A• Site B • Site C
DVB-S2 CCM vs. VCM 38 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 1 ZONE 1 16-APSK 2/3 ZONE 2 8-PSK 2/3 ZONE 3 QPSK 4/5 • By associating a MODCOD per EIRP zone we can maximize the throughput to sites in that zone • Use the best MODCOD available for the zone’s EIRP to maximize throughput and reduce BW • Site B • Site C • Site A
ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS Questions?Questions? Thank You!Thank You!
ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS VCM ExampleVCM Example
VCM Example: Maximize Throughput • In this example we will fix our Carrier BW at 13.33 Msps (18Mhz) and maximize the throughput to all 3 sites. • Our most disadvantaged site is Site “C” running at QPSK 4/5 FEC. • In CCM Mode all 3 sites would run 21.2 Mbps (= 7Mbps per site) • For the purpose of this exercise we will discuss the increased DR of the network with the understanding that each site receives an equal share of the fixed BW 41
VCM Example: Maximize Throughput 42 13.33Msps = 35.2Mbps Zone 1: EIRP = 52–53 dBW Es/No = 9.0 – 10.2dB 13.33Msps = 26.4Mbps Zone 2: EIRP = 51–52.9 dBW Es/No = 6.6 – 9.0dB 13.33Msps = 21.2Mbps Zone 3: EIRP = 48–49.9 dBW Es/No = 4.7 – 6.6dB 16‐APSK 2/3 16‐APSK 3/4 8‐PSK 2/3 QPSK 4/5 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 29%     DVB‐S2 DVB‐S 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 ‐3.00 ‐1.00 1.00 3.00 5.00 7.00 9.00 11.00 13.00 15.00 17.00 Data Rate (Mbps) Ideal Es/No (dB) Data Rate (vs) Es/No At 13.33 Msps S2 32‐APSK S2 16‐APSK S2 8‐PSK S2 QPSK S QPSK
VCM Example: Maximize Throughput • Each zone gets an equal share of the BW. The network now has an average throughput of 27.6 Mbps 43 Site A Site B Site C Modulation / Coding 16-APSK 2/3 8-PSK 2/3 QPSK 4/5 Spectral Efficiency 2.64 bits/Hz 1.98 bits/Hz 1.59 bits/Hz Es/No Required >= 9.0 dB 6.6 – 9.0 dB 4.7 – 6.6 dB User Data Rate 35.2 Mbps 26.4 Mbps 21.2 Mbps Symbol Rate required = BW Required w/o spacing 13.33 Msps 13.33 Msps 13.33 Msps
VCM Example: Minimize Bandwidth • In this example we will fix our effective data rate of the network to 21.2 Mbps (7 Mbps per site) and minimize BW • Our most disadvantaged site is Site “C” running at QPSK 4/5 FEC. • In CCM Mode we would need 13.33 Msps (18Mhz) of total BW • For the purpose of this exercise we will discuss the fixed DR of the network with the understanding that each site receives an unequal share of the reduced BW 44
VCM Example: Minimize Bandwidth 45 21.2Mbps = 8.0Msps Zone 1: EIRP = 52–53 dBW Es/No = 9.0 – 10.2dB 21.2Mbps = 10.7Msps Zone 2: EIRP = 51–52.9 dBW Es/No = 6.6 – 9.0dB 21.2Mbps = 13.33Msps Zone 3: EIRP = 48–49.9 dBW Es/No = 4.7 – 6.6dB 16‐APSK 2/3 16‐APSK 3/4 8‐PSK 2/3 QPSK 4/5 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 29%     DVB‐S2 DVB‐S 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 ‐3.00 ‐1.00 1.00 3.00 5.00 7.00 9.00 11.00 13.00 15.00 17.00 Data Rate (Mbps) Ideal Es/No (dB) Data Rate (vs) Es/No At 13.33 Msps S2 32‐APSK S2 16‐APSK S2 8‐PSK S2 QPSK S QPSK
VCM Example: Minimize Bandwidth • The network now has an average BW of 10.7 Msps (14.41Mhz). Each zone gets an unequal share of the BW. 46 Site A Site B Site C Modulation / Coding 16-APSK 2/3 8-PSK 2/3 QPSK 4/5 Spectral Efficiency 2.64 bits/Hz 1.98 bits/Hz 1.59 bits/Hz Es/No Required >= 9.0 dB 6.6 – 9.0 dB 4.7 – 6.6 dB User Data Rate 21.2 Mbps 21.2 Mbps 21.2 Mbps Symbol Rate required = BW Required w/o spacing 8.0 Msps (10.8 Mhz) 10.7 Msps (14.4 Mhz) 13.33 Msps (18 Mhz)
DVB-S / DVB-S2 CCM / DVB-S2 VCM Big Picture 47 DVB-S DVB-S2 CCM DVB-S2 VCM Increase Throughput : Fixed BW 16.4 Mbps 21.2 Mbps 29% > DVB-S 27.6 Mbps 68% > DVB-S Decrease BW : Fixed Throughput 17.23 Msps (23.3 Mhz) 13.33 Msps 13% < DVB-S (18 Mhz) 10.7 Msps 38% < DVB-S (14.4 Mhz)
ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS Tools And CollateralTools And Collateral
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 49
Tools • Bandwidth optimization (online only) – Satellite link with cost optimization http://optimize.comtechefdata.com/ • Reducing Total Cost of Operation – Spreadsheet: Download online or on CD Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 50
Collateral – Available Online or CD • Company Overview Brochure • Datasheets • Manuals • Quick Reference Guides for Modems and RF • White Papers and Application Notes • Industry Specific Solutions – Broadcast and SNG – IPTV Delivery – Oil and Gas – More • Other – Contact Us Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 51
ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS Contact Us:Contact Us: 2114 West 7th Street2114 West 7th Street Tempe, AZ 85281Tempe, AZ 85281 USAUSA Tel 1.480.333.2200Tel 1.480.333.2200 FAX 1.480.333.2540FAX 1.480.333.2540 sales@comtechefdata.comsales@comtechefdata.com www.comtechefdata.comwww.comtechefdata.com

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Comtech johnny-bc-day-2009

  • 1.
    ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS JohnnyMarmolejosJohnny Marmolejos Sr. Sales EngineerSr. Sales Engineer 16 June16 June’’ 0909 Technologies thatTechnologies that Drive EfficienciesDrive Efficiencies (Trends in Broadcasting)(Trends in Broadcasting)
  • 2.
    Agenda • Company Overview •Technologies That Drive Efficiencies – Modulation and Coding Improvements – Power, Bandwidth and Throughput Tradeoff – Equalization • Comtech Solutions For Broadcast • Broadcast (One & Two-Way) Solutions • DVB-S2 CCM & VCM Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 2
  • 3.
    • Comtech TelecommunicationsCorporation is the parent company of Comtech EF Data • Founded in 1967 • Market leader in delivering advanced communications equipment and solutions to a diverse, blue chip customer base in the global commercial and defense communications markets • Corporate headquarters based in Melville, New York • Stock symbol NASDAQ: CMTL • Fiscal year 2008 revenues US $531.6 Million Business is conducted through three segments Telecommunications Transmission Develops products and systems that increase satellite data throughput and enhance satellite transponder bandwidth efficiency and that enable wireless communications in environments where terrestrial communications are unavailable, inefficient or too expensive. •Comtech EF Data Corp.. •Memotec, Inc. •Comtech Systems, Inc. •Comtech AHA Corp. •Comtech Antenna Systems, Inc. •Comtech TV (Comtech Tiernan Video, Inc.) Mobile Data Communications Provides its defense and commercial customers with a complete solution to enable satellite-based mobile on-the-move communications when real-time, secure transmission is necessary. •Comtech Mobile Datacom Corp. •Comtech AeroAstro, Inc. RF Microwave Amplifiers Designs and produces solid-state, high-power broadband amplifiers which are incorporated into sophisticated electronic warfare, commercial communications, and medical systems. •Comtech PST Corp. •Hill Engineering •Comtech Xicom Technology, Inc. 3 Comtech EF DataComtech EF Data Comtech Proprietary & Confidential
  • 4.
    Company Overview • Ourproducts are optimizing satellite links for commercial and government customers – Satellite Operators – Cellular Service Providers – System Integrators – Broadcast and Satellite News Gathering – Ministries & Government Agencies – Educational Institutions – Offshore Oil & Gas – Maritime – Enterprise 4Comtech Proprietary & Confidential
  • 5.
    ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS TechnologiesThatTechnologies That Drive EfficienciesDrive Efficiencies
  • 6.
    Technologies That Drive Efficiencies •Modulation and Coding Improvements – Modulation Types and Tradeoffs – Coding efficiencies and new standards • Power, Bandwidth and Throughput Tradeoff – Balancing your capacity needs with available resources • Equalization – Minimizing Frequently Encountered Satellite Impairments Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 6
  • 7.
    Modulation and Coding Improvements •Modulation improvements: – Improvements have focused on structure of constellation – Constellations have been optimized for throughput and to minimize effects of amplifier compression • Coding gains: – Processors, chip design and speed now make coding gains approach theoretical limits – Tradeoffs between coding gain and latency still exist Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 7
  • 8.
    Modulation Improvements: Constellation Comtech Proprietary& Confidential 8 Efficiency Legacy Method Newer Method Reason 2 Bits / Hz & 3 Bits / Hz QPSK / 8PSK QPSK / 8PSK Highly Efficient – no changes, no amplitude element 4 Bits / Hz 16QAM 16APSK Improved performance when amplifiers run into saturation 5 Bits / Hz Relatively Unused 32APSK Enables extreme BW vs. throughput Minimizes effects of compression
  • 9.
    9 Modulation and PowerEquivalent Bandwidth (PEB) Relative Bandwidth (%) – for same data rate -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 16QAM 7/816QAM 7/8 16QAM 3/416QAM 3/4 8PSK 5/68PSK 5/6 8PSK 2/38PSK 2/3 QPSK 7/8QPSK 7/8 QPSK 3/4QPSK 3/4 QPSK 1/2QPSK 1/2 QPSK 1/2 = 100% QPSK 16QAM 8PSK Comtech Proprietary & Confidential Increasing PowerIncreasing Power Increasing BWIncreasing BW
  • 10.
    Coding Gains • SatelliteLinks are inherently noisy / weak links, so we need to add layers of coding to improve the connection • Scientists essentially “wrap” the payload with correction algorithms • New coding algorithms such as LDPC&BCH are now available due to the processing power of today’s newer, higher speed chips Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 10
  • 11.
    Coding Gains • ForOne-Way non latency sensitive links LDPC&BCH coding is the best available • LDPC is quite simply the best error correction codec the industry has ever seen • This new codec is roughly 2.5dB better in performance than DVB-S coding • The codec is 0.7dB from a theoretical limit (Shannon’s Limit) Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 11
  • 12.
    Coding Gains • Interesting“Quotes” “ the LDPC code, was selected from amongst seven proposals, and the comparison required something like one million Gbit simulations and 40,000 days of computer work ” (Alberto Morello – Chairman of DVB-S2 Ad-Hoc Group) “The theoretical limit allows for an infinite number of calculations and over an infinitely long block of data … so to get within 0.7dB is quite close since we live in the “real world” Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 12
  • 13.
    What do codinggains give me? • The new DVB-S2 codec (LDPC) allows for some real-world savings • Now that you have a codec with an additional 2.5dB in coding gain you can “use” this gain to do quite a few things – You could lower antenna sizes – You could use lower cost power amplifiers – You could change modulation or FEC and reduce BW – You could change modulation or FEC, keep the BW and get more data through the same size “pipe” Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 13
  • 14.
    Is LDPC&BCH alwaysthe right choice? • In the one-way broadcast world it is hard to argue that any other codec should be used • Reasons to choose other codecs: – Large installed base of HW only supports older codecs – Network is bi-directional with low data rate and latency sensitive applications Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 14
  • 15.
    Tradeoff between codinggain and latency Codec Performance Latency Used Where DVB-S2 LDPC Long Block Best throughput vs. power >100ms @ 2Mb <25ms @ 10Mb One-Way and High Speed 2 way to mitigate latency Comtech VersaFEC ~ 0.3dB worse than DVB-S2 LDPC Long Block <3ms @ 2Mb Duplex latency sensitive links with excellent performance Turbo Coding ~ 1.3dB worse than DVB-S2 LDPC <2ms @ 2Mb Extremely low latency open standard Viterbi + RS (DVB-S) ~ 2.5dB worse than DVB-S2 LDPC <3ms @ 2Mb Legacy networks where hardware is in place Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 15
  • 16.
    Power, Bandwidth and ThroughputTradeoff • Power: Eb/No, Es/No, C/N (dB) • Bandwidth: Spectral Efficiency (SE) Mbps/Hz • Throughput: Mbps • Various Types of Optimization – Same throughput with less power / bandwidth – Same power / bandwidth with more throughput – DTH: smallest dish reaching most subscribers Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 16 Satellite Power & Bandwidth
  • 17.
    Power, Bandwidth and ThroughputTradeoff Bandwidth • Transponders have 2 finite resources: • Power – Watts or dBW available • Bandwidth (BW) – Hz available • Key is to balance power and bandwidth use Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 17 Power
  • 18.
    18 DVBDVB--S2 Spectral Efficiency(bps/Hz) versus C/N (dB)S2 Spectral Efficiency (bps/Hz) versus C/N (dB) 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 C/N [dB] in Rs Ru[bit/s]perunitRs QPSK 8PSK 16APSK 32APSK DVB-S Dotted lines= modulation constrained Shannon limit DVB-DSNG DVB-S2 Spectral Efficiency Modem Designers Love This Plot Satellite Service Providers Live By It Comtech Proprietary & Confidential DVB‐S2 QPSK  1/2 DVB‐S2 QPSK  1/2 DVB‐S QPSK  1/2 DVB‐S QPSK  1/2
  • 19.
    19 Power & BandwidthTradeoffs Example Same Throughput Less Power Same Power Less Bandwidth • DVB-S versus DVB-S2 – Lower Eb/No requires less power – Higher efficiency uses less bandwidth 2.8 1.49 QPSK 3/4 5.3 1.38 DVB-S Viterbi + RS DVB-S2 LDPC Coding Eb/No (dB) Bandwidth Efficiency (bps/ Hz) 5.1 2.23 8PSK 3/4 Not Available DVB-S Viterbi + RS DVB-S2 LDPC Coding LDPC Less BW LDPC: Less Power DVB‐SDVB‐S DVB‐S2DVB‐S2 BB AA Comtech Proprietary & Confidential A ≈Same Throughput Less Power Eb/No from 5.3 dB to 2.8 dB B ≈Same Power Less Bandwidth SE from 1.38 bps/Hz vs 2.23 bps/Hz A ≈Same Throughput Less Power Eb/No from 5.3 dB to 2.8 dB B ≈Same Power Less Bandwidth SE from 1.38 bps/Hz vs 2.23 bps/Hz
  • 20.
    OPEX Reduction Example 1SD Channel: SD 4Mb MPEG-2 Chan. SD 4Mb MPEG-2 Chan. SD 2Mb MPEG-4 Chan. DVB-S DVB-S2 DVB-S2 QPSK 3/4 Rate FEC 8PSK 3/4 Rate FEC 8PSK 3/4 Rate FEC Requires 2.9MHz BW Requires 1.8MHz BW Requires 0.9MHz BW @ $2,500 per Mhz / Month @ $2,500 per Mhz / Month @ $2,500 per Mhz / Month $7,250 per Month $4,500 per Month $2,250 per Month Equals $87,000 / Year Equals $54,000 / Year Equals $27,000 / Year No Savings $33,000 Savings / Year $60,000 Savings / Year Just moving to DVB-S2 Move to DVB-S2 and using MPEG-4 Coding Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 20
  • 21.
    Frequently Encountered Impairment • Amplitudeand Group Delay Variation (linear) – Degrades performance • Solution – Automatically equalize uplink • Advantages – Works with multiple carriers – Equalizes uplink and satellite transponder – No changes to receive site – Improves QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM, 16APSK, 32APSK Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 21
  • 22.
    AutoEQ™ Application In LatinAmerica • AutoEQ™ DM240XR Modulator Option – Equalizes uplink and transponder Corrects amplitude and group delay – Only L-Band equalizer ! – One time auto-calibration Eliminates manual equalizer adjustments • Direct To Home Application – Equalize one time at hub – Improves performance of all set top boxes (generally Q/8PSK) Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 22 No AutoEQ™ With AutoEQ™
  • 23.
    ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS ComtechEF DataComtech EF Data Solutions ForSolutions For BroadcastBroadcast 1 Way1 Way 2 Way2 Way ““Your WayYour Way””
  • 24.
    Broadcast (One Way)Solutions • DTH (Direct To Home Broadcast) • Contribution Feeds – Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG) – Fly-Away Packages • HITS (“Headend In The Sky”) distribution – Telco Video Distribution – Business enterprise video and data distribution Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 24
  • 25.
    One Way -DTH (Direct To Home Broadcast) • Comtech has the widest selection of DTH satellite uplink hardware: – Satellite Modems & Modulators – Frequency Converters – High Power Amplifiers – Switching & Redundancy Options – Signal Monitoring Equipment Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 25
  • 26.
    One Way -DTH (Direct To Home Broadcast) • Over 4,000 satellite modems/modulators sold to DTH providers worldwide • Frequency converters average over 350,000 hours of service without outage • TWTA Amplifiers deployed by every U.S.-based DTH operator Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 26 Comtech EF Data Equipment Comtech Xicom Technology Equipment
  • 27.
    One Way –SNG & Fly-Away • Video Encoders • Satellite Modulators • Freq. Converters • Compact Amplifiers • Confidence Monitors Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 27
  • 28.
    One Way –HITS / IPTV and File Based Feeds • Delivery of video, advertising, local programming • Non Real-Time file based platform Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 28
  • 29.
    29 One Way -Avail Media Case Study IPTV Service Provider • Aggregate over 180 channels of Standard Definition Programming and 16 channels of High Definition – ESPN, Discovery HD, Showtime, Starz, MTV, etc – Content ingested at Teleport • Content is encoded to MPEG-4 / IP & Encrypted • Content is sent on 9 transponders over 3 satellites • Receive location uses up to 18 CMR-5975 / site (2 for each transponder for redundancy) • Each transponder is about 70 Mbps of data • L-band In IP Out • Delivered to consumer via ADSL, Cable or FTH
  • 30.
    30 One Way -Avail Media Case Study IPTV Service Provider CME-5110 DVB IP Encapsulator (18) CMR-5975 DVB-S2 Receivers CDM-710 DVB-S2 Modulator
  • 31.
    Broadcast (Two Way)Solutions • Point to Multi-Point IP Networks • Rapid ISP market penetration • High Speed Content Delivery • IPTV / Business Television Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 31
  • 32.
    Two-Way CCM&VCM CDM-740 ValueProposition • Integrated 1 RU solution with DVB-S/S2 receiver and Turbo SCPC return modulator – Shared high speed outbound DVB-S or S2 carrier with support for advanced DVB-S2 modulation – TPC for efficient low latency data return channel • Support for VCM – Allows the operator to group remotes by MODCODS at the hub for more efficient use of bandwidth or higher user capacity – No configuration change at remote required to support CCM and VCM 32
  • 33.
    Broadcast (Two Way)Solutions Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 33 IP Network Cloud DM240XR CMR-8500 CDD-564/L Stack Gig-E SW IP IP IP IP Site 1 CDM-740 IP Site 2 CDM-740 IP Site N CDM-740 LPOD BUC/LNB LPOD BUC/LNB LPOD BUC/LNB DVB-S / DVB-S2 Outbound TPC Returns
  • 34.
    Two Way -DVB-S2 CCM & VCM Operation 34
  • 35.
    DVB-S2 CCM vs.VCM Case 1 • Point to Multi-Point networks that use CCM must have all sites receiving the same Coding and Modulation • Networks where all sites have the same EIRP or where antennas have been sized to compensate for satellite contours use CCM Case 2 • Some Point to Multi-Point networks have multiple sites that fall on different EIRP contours but have the same size antennas • These sites can benefit from Variable Coding and Modulation (VCM) 35
  • 36.
    DVB-S2 CCM vs.VCM 36 ZONE 1 EIRP = 52 dBW ZONE 2 EIRP = 50 dBW ZONE 3 EIRP = 48 dBW • Consider a point to multi-point network consisting of a hub and 3 remotes • CCM would limit the throughput of all sites to that of the most disadvantaged site (Site “C”) • Using a 13.33Msps (18Mhz) carrier again and assuming Site “C” can run at DVB-S2 QPSK 4/5 Site “C” and ALL sites would be limited to 21.2 Mbps • Site A• Site B • Site C
  • 37.
    DVB-S2 CCM vs.VCM 37 ZONE 1 EIRP = 52 dBW ZONE 2 EIRP = 50 dBW ZONE 3 EIRP = 48 dBW • VCM takes advantage of the different EIRPs • Each EIRP has a “best fit” MODCOD (modulation and coding) that maximizes throughput for that contour • Site A• Site B • Site C
  • 38.
    DVB-S2 CCM vs.VCM 38 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 1 ZONE 1 16-APSK 2/3 ZONE 2 8-PSK 2/3 ZONE 3 QPSK 4/5 • By associating a MODCOD per EIRP zone we can maximize the throughput to sites in that zone • Use the best MODCOD available for the zone’s EIRP to maximize throughput and reduce BW • Site B • Site C • Site A
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
    VCM Example: Maximize Throughput •In this example we will fix our Carrier BW at 13.33 Msps (18Mhz) and maximize the throughput to all 3 sites. • Our most disadvantaged site is Site “C” running at QPSK 4/5 FEC. • In CCM Mode all 3 sites would run 21.2 Mbps (= 7Mbps per site) • For the purpose of this exercise we will discuss the increased DR of the network with the understanding that each site receives an equal share of the fixed BW 41
  • 42.
    VCM Example: Maximize Throughput 42 13.33Msps= 35.2Mbps Zone 1: EIRP = 52–53 dBW Es/No = 9.0 – 10.2dB 13.33Msps = 26.4Mbps Zone 2: EIRP = 51–52.9 dBW Es/No = 6.6 – 9.0dB 13.33Msps = 21.2Mbps Zone 3: EIRP = 48–49.9 dBW Es/No = 4.7 – 6.6dB 16‐APSK 2/3 16‐APSK 3/4 8‐PSK 2/3 QPSK 4/5 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 29%     DVB‐S2 DVB‐S 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 ‐3.00 ‐1.00 1.00 3.00 5.00 7.00 9.00 11.00 13.00 15.00 17.00 Data Rate (Mbps) Ideal Es/No (dB) Data Rate (vs) Es/No At 13.33 Msps S2 32‐APSK S2 16‐APSK S2 8‐PSK S2 QPSK S QPSK
  • 43.
    VCM Example: Maximize Throughput •Each zone gets an equal share of the BW. The network now has an average throughput of 27.6 Mbps 43 Site A Site B Site C Modulation / Coding 16-APSK 2/3 8-PSK 2/3 QPSK 4/5 Spectral Efficiency 2.64 bits/Hz 1.98 bits/Hz 1.59 bits/Hz Es/No Required >= 9.0 dB 6.6 – 9.0 dB 4.7 – 6.6 dB User Data Rate 35.2 Mbps 26.4 Mbps 21.2 Mbps Symbol Rate required = BW Required w/o spacing 13.33 Msps 13.33 Msps 13.33 Msps
  • 44.
    VCM Example: Minimize Bandwidth •In this example we will fix our effective data rate of the network to 21.2 Mbps (7 Mbps per site) and minimize BW • Our most disadvantaged site is Site “C” running at QPSK 4/5 FEC. • In CCM Mode we would need 13.33 Msps (18Mhz) of total BW • For the purpose of this exercise we will discuss the fixed DR of the network with the understanding that each site receives an unequal share of the reduced BW 44
  • 45.
    VCM Example: Minimize Bandwidth 45 21.2Mbps= 8.0Msps Zone 1: EIRP = 52–53 dBW Es/No = 9.0 – 10.2dB 21.2Mbps = 10.7Msps Zone 2: EIRP = 51–52.9 dBW Es/No = 6.6 – 9.0dB 21.2Mbps = 13.33Msps Zone 3: EIRP = 48–49.9 dBW Es/No = 4.7 – 6.6dB 16‐APSK 2/3 16‐APSK 3/4 8‐PSK 2/3 QPSK 4/5 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 29%     DVB‐S2 DVB‐S 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 ‐3.00 ‐1.00 1.00 3.00 5.00 7.00 9.00 11.00 13.00 15.00 17.00 Data Rate (Mbps) Ideal Es/No (dB) Data Rate (vs) Es/No At 13.33 Msps S2 32‐APSK S2 16‐APSK S2 8‐PSK S2 QPSK S QPSK
  • 46.
    VCM Example: Minimize Bandwidth •The network now has an average BW of 10.7 Msps (14.41Mhz). Each zone gets an unequal share of the BW. 46 Site A Site B Site C Modulation / Coding 16-APSK 2/3 8-PSK 2/3 QPSK 4/5 Spectral Efficiency 2.64 bits/Hz 1.98 bits/Hz 1.59 bits/Hz Es/No Required >= 9.0 dB 6.6 – 9.0 dB 4.7 – 6.6 dB User Data Rate 21.2 Mbps 21.2 Mbps 21.2 Mbps Symbol Rate required = BW Required w/o spacing 8.0 Msps (10.8 Mhz) 10.7 Msps (14.4 Mhz) 13.33 Msps (18 Mhz)
  • 47.
    DVB-S / DVB-S2CCM / DVB-S2 VCM Big Picture 47 DVB-S DVB-S2 CCM DVB-S2 VCM Increase Throughput : Fixed BW 16.4 Mbps 21.2 Mbps 29% > DVB-S 27.6 Mbps 68% > DVB-S Decrease BW : Fixed Throughput 17.23 Msps (23.3 Mhz) 13.33 Msps 13% < DVB-S (18 Mhz) 10.7 Msps 38% < DVB-S (14.4 Mhz)
  • 48.
    ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS ToolsAnd CollateralTools And Collateral
  • 49.
    Comtech Proprietary &Confidential 49
  • 50.
    Tools • Bandwidth optimization(online only) – Satellite link with cost optimization http://optimize.comtechefdata.com/ • Reducing Total Cost of Operation – Spreadsheet: Download online or on CD Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 50
  • 51.
    Collateral – AvailableOnline or CD • Company Overview Brochure • Datasheets • Manuals • Quick Reference Guides for Modems and RF • White Papers and Application Notes • Industry Specific Solutions – Broadcast and SNG – IPTV Delivery – Oil and Gas – More • Other – Contact Us Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 51
  • 52.
    ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS ContactUs:Contact Us: 2114 West 7th Street2114 West 7th Street Tempe, AZ 85281Tempe, AZ 85281 USAUSA Tel 1.480.333.2200Tel 1.480.333.2200 FAX 1.480.333.2540FAX 1.480.333.2540 sales@comtechefdata.comsales@comtechefdata.com www.comtechefdata.comwww.comtechefdata.com