The document discusses different types of channel coding techniques used in satellite communication, including convolutional coding, block coding, turbo coding, and LDPC coding. Convolutional codes offer low decoding delay making them suitable for real-time applications, while block codes provide strong error correction used for military communications. Turbo codes and LDPC codes are widely used in modern broadband satellite applications due to their flexibility, error correction capability, and bandwidth efficiency.

1. satellite communication
Ms.S.Sindhumathy

2. Convolutional Coding:
 Coding Rate: Convolutional codes can achieve a wide range of coding
rates, allowing flexibility in trading off error correction capability with
bandwidth efficiency.
 Decoding Delay: They have low decoding delay, making them suitable for
real-time applications.
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3. Convolutional Coding:
 Usage: Convolutional codes are often used in applications where low to
moderate error correction is sufficient, such as voice and video
transmission in satellite TV.
 Implementation: They are relatively straightforward to implement in
hardware, making them a cost-effective choice for some satellite systems
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4. Block Coding:
 Coding Rate: Block codes have fixed coding rates, limiting flexibility in
adjusting error correction capability and bandwidth efficiency.
 Decoding Delay: Decoding delay can be higher than convolutional codes,
which may not be suitable for real-time applications with strict latency
requirements.
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5. Block Coding:
 Usage: Block codes are employed in scenarios where strong error
correction is required, such as military and government communications.
 Implementation: While block codes are more complex to implement than
convolutional codes, they are still feasible for many satellite systems.
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6. Turbo Coding:
 Coding Rate: Turbo codes offer a wide range of coding rates, similar to
convolutional codes, allowing flexibility in system design.
 Decoding Delay: They have moderate to high decoding delay, which may
not be suitable for latency-sensitive applications..
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7. Turbo Coding:
 Usage: Turbo codes are widely used in modern satellite communication,
particularly for broadband internet access via satellite and digital television
broadcasting.
 Implementation: Turbo codes require more computational resources for
encoding and decoding compared to convolutional and block codes.
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8. LDPC Coding (Low-Density Parity-Check):
 Coding Rate: LDPC codes offer a wide range of coding rates, similar to
turbo codes, providing flexibility in system design.
 Decoding Delay: LDPC codes have moderate decoding delay, making
them suitable for many applications, including multimedia streaming.
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9. LDPC Coding (Low-Density Parity-Check):
 Usage: LDPC codes are gaining prominence in modern satellite
communication, especially in high-throughput applications like satellite
internet services.
 Implementation: While LDPC codes are computationally intensive,
advances in hardware acceleration have made their practical
implementation more feasible.
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10. Robustness to Channel Conditions:
 Turbo codes and LDPC codes are known for their excellent performance in
challenging channel conditions, such as those encountered in deep-space
communication or in adverse weather conditions.
 Convolutional and block codes may not perform as well in highly noisy or
fading channels.
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11. Bandwidth Efficiency:
 LDPC codes and turbo codes are highly bandwidth-efficient, allowing more
data to be transmitted over the available frequency spectrum.
 Convolutional and block codes are less bandwidth-efficient, leading to
lower data rates for a given bandwidth.
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