A computer processes data according to programs and consists of hardware and software, with an operating system providing an interface between users, applications, and hardware. Common computer components include processors, memory, storage devices, input devices like keyboards and output devices like monitors, with computers coming in various sizes from desktops to laptops to handheld devices. Networks allow computers to connect and share resources while the internet provides global communication through services like email, websites, and file transfers.

2. Оборудование,
Данные, инф аппаратные
Программное све
ормация, средства,
дения
обеспечение, техническое
программные обеспечение
Операционная средства
A computer is a device that processes data according to a set of instructions
система
known as a program. The equipment is known as the hardware and the Прикладная
programs and data Текстовый Электронная
программа
are the software . A special set of programs, called an
operating system редактор таблица
, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, , provides an interface for the user and allows
Средства База
applications programs to communicate with the hardware. Common programs
графического данных applications
взаимодействия,
include wordprocessors for creating and editing texts, spreadsheets for
графический
calculating mathematical formulae and databases for storing data in a way
Вирусы
интерфейс Меню
that allows the data to be sorted and searched. Anti-virus programs are used to
Нажать
detect and remove viruses . Someкнопку operating systems have graphical (user)
interfaces that allow the computer мыши select items from menus and to start
user to
programs using an inputКлавиатура a mouse. This is done by pressing a
device called
Монитор,
button on the mouse i.e clicking the mouse. The main device for inputting the
дисплей
data is a typewriter-style keyboard and the output is commonly displayed on a
monitor
……………..screen that looks like a small television screen.

3. Миниатюрный
Настольный портативный
компьютер компьютер
There is a range of sizes and types of computer. Those designed for use by one
Разъём
person at a time are known as personal рас
Плата расширения, computers (PCs). Personal computers
include desktop computers ширительное computers that can be carried
расширения and handheld
around by the user. Electronicsгнездо added to desktop computers by plugging
can be
Микросхема,
in expansion cards (electronic circuit boards that can be plugged into special
чип, кристал
sockets called expansion slots ).Интеллектуальная
л
карточка, карточка
It is also possible to build all the main parts of a computer into one electronic
integrated circuit packaged as a со встроенной
single electronic chip i.e. the 'computer on a
chip'. This enables computers to микросхемой other devices including
be built into
household devices such as washing machines and fridges and to be
Интеллектуальные
incorporated into plastic cards i.e. smart cards , which are able to store
устройства
Мультимедийный
information such as health records, drivers' licenses, bank balances, etc.
Devices that include a computer circuit are commonly referred to as smart
devices. A multimedia computer can process different forms of data including
text, graphics, audio (sound), animation and video. This enables computer
systems to be used for a combination of education and
entertainment, sometimes referred to as edutainment.

4. Unlike most machines, computers do not have a fixed purpose. They are multi-
purpose tools. They can be used in aЭкспертнаяvariety of situations and are
very wide
система
found in a wide range of systems including security systems, cars and phones.
Advanced systems, known as expert systems , enable computers to ‘think’ like
experts. Medical expert systems, for example, can help doctors diagnose an
illness and decide on the best treatment. As computer systems are developed,
they are becoming more common and are gradually being used for more and
Периферийные
more purposes. How they are developed, and for what purposes they are
устройства Печатающее
actually used in the future, can be influenced by computer users. A variety of
устройство
Выходные Цифровой
devices known as peripherals can be added externally to a computer. One of
данные
the most common peripherals is a printer used for printing the computer
………… on paper. A digital camera allows photographs to be input to a
output
computer for editing.

5. Совместный
Not all computer systems are compatible i.e. they cannot use the same programs
and data. Connecting computers together to form a network can provide the
'connectivity' required to enable computers and software to communicate and
to share resources. Networks connected together form an internet. The
Электронная
connection of networks throughout the world is known as the Internet or, more
почта
Подсоединять
simply, the Net. Various communication services are available on the
В реальном к системе
Internet, includingвремени
email (electronic mail) for sending and receiving text
Протокол
messages Разгрузка,
and IRC (Internet Relay Chat) which allows users to communicate
передачи
using text messages in
real-time
откачка i.e. файлов any delay, while the logged on
without users are
(connected to a network system account, normally using a password) to the
программы(из
Загрузка,
system. An Internet service called FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used for
оперативной
подкачка(в
transferring data or program files between the powerful server computers that
памяти)
оперативную
provide the network services and the client computers that use these services
память)
e.g. downloading music files. Note that copying data from a larger server
system to a client is referred to as downloading and copying from the client to
the server is known as uploading .

6. One of the newest and most popular services available on the Internet is the
……………………….. (WWW)Сеть, is often simply referred to as the Web. The
which
World Wide Web Программа, позволяюща
Web contains interlinked documents called webpages . A set of related
я искать
«всемирная
webpages stored together on a server computer is called a website. Websites
информацию(поисковая
паутина»
, such as Dogpile and Askjeeves, give the user access to special programs called
служба) Веб-страница
search engines
…………………….. that are designed to allow the user to find relevant webpages on
Веб-узел, группа
Информационная Передавать
the Web. An Internet system designed to provide free, interactive access to vast
супермагистраль данные на веб-страниц
resources for people all over the world is sometimes referred to as an
«Клип-арт»,
расстоянии
information superhighway . готовое изделие
Services such as these allow people to telecommuteкомпьютерной
Файл,their computers to stay
(use вложенн
графики
in touch with the office while they are working at home). Computer uses
ый в
mentioned in this unit include producing greetingsэлектронное the Microsoft
cards: using
Word wordprocessing program including features such as clipart (ready-drawn
письмо
graphic images that can be inserted into documents); communicating on the
Постоянное
Internet using email and chat programs including the use of email attachments
Просмотр запоминающее
(other types of files e.g. video files attached to simple email text messages);
устройство на
distance learning and videoconferencing; electronic classrooms or boardrooms;
компакт-диске Жёсткий
browsing
ююююю the Web (moving from webpage to webpage using a Web browser
диск
program); selling, using a website; painting; scanning pictures; downloading
music and creating CD-ROMs. CD-ROMs are storage devices that use laser light
for reading and writing data. The most common storage device is a hard disk (a
set of aluminium disks coated in a magnetic material and enclosed in a
vacuum-sealed case) used for storing the operating system and applications
programs as well as the user's data.

7. Answer the following questions
1. What is a computer?
2. What does an operating system provide?
3. What types of computers do you know?
4. What are the advantages of multimedia?
5. Name some types of devices that can be added externally to
a computer?
6. Why are not all computer systems compatible?
7. What is the connection of networks throughout the world
called?
8. What do we call downloading (uploading)?
9. What is the structure of the Web?
10. What services does telecommunication provide?
11. How do CD-ROMs function?
12. What is a hard disk used for?

8. Give the Russian equivalents for:
1) a spreadsheet for calculating
mathematical formulae
2) interlinked documents
3) to select items from menus
4) by pressing a button on the mouse
5) displayed on a monitor screen
6) to be able to store information
7) by plugging in an expansion card
8) to share resources
9) a system designed to provide access
10) a vacuum-sealed case
11) sockets called expansion slots
12) to add externally to a computer
13) networks throughout the world

9. Find the English equivalents for the
following Russian word combinations
1) удалить вирус a) to log on to a system
2) нажать кнопку мыши b) a handheld computer;
3) интеллектуальные c) to remove a virus
устройства d) to click a mouse
4) миниатюрный e) an applications program
портативный компьютер f) downloading
5) подсоединять к системе g) smart devices
6) прикладная программа h) software
7) выходные данные i) output
8) программа, позволяющая j) a search engine
искать информацию
9) программное обеспечение
10) разгрузка

10. Match the terms with the statements
 Edutainment 1. Software that enables
computers to 'think' like experts
2. Use computers to stay in touch
 Multimedia with the office while working at
home
3. Internet system designed to
 Expert system provide free, interactive access
to vast resources for people all
over the world
 Telecommute 4. Multimedia materials with a
combination of educational and
entertainment content
 Information 5. A combination of text with
superhighway sound, video, animation, and
graphics

11. Mark the following as True or False
1. A personal computer can process
different farms of data including text, True
graphics, audio, animation and video.
2. Videoconferencing is a form of
communication over a network that uses True
video cameras.
3. Anti-virus programs are used to connect a
number of computers and peripheral False
devices together.
4. A hard disk is a piece of equipment used
for putting data into a computer. False
5. A chip which is the common name for a
microchip is an electronic integrated
circuit in a small package.
True
6. Desktop computers are referred to the
powerful type of computers, operated by False
a team of professionals.