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Computer Fundamentals
Prepared by : Mohammed
Supervisor :
Soran University
Faculty Of Science
Computer Department
Computer System Components
• Input
• Keyboard, Mouse,
Camera, Touch Pad
• Processing
• CPU
• Output
• Monitor, Printer
• Storage
• Floppy, Hard Drive,
CD, DVD, Flash Drive
Generations
Gen. Hardware Software
1st Vacuum Tubes machine language
2nd Transistors Assembly language
3rd Integrated Chip
(IC)
Higher level
languages,
Application Programs
4th
VLSI
(Very Large Scale
ICs)
Object oriented
programming, natural
language processing
The Binary System
Bits – Binary digits, or 0,1.
Bytes (8 bits) – ASCII, EBCDIC
One byte is the space needed to store one character, like
the letter “A”.
Kilobyte (KB) – 1000 (actually, 1024)
Megabyte (MB) – 1,000,000
Gigabyte (GB) – 1,000,000,000
Terabyte (TB) – 1,000,000,000,000
Processing – CPU components
Control Unit
Clock cycle regulates all operations
Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU)
Add Gates – Half adder, full adder
AND/OR/NOT gates
Memory
RAM –
Static
Dynamic
ROM
Input Devices
Keyboard
Mouse
Microphone
Webcam
Touch Screen
Some types of Input Devices:
 Keyboard:
It is the most common and very
popular input data to the computer.
26/12/2020
Mouse:
It is basically a pointing device which
works on the principle of point and click.
26/12/2020
Game-pad:
It is a type of game controller held in
two hands, where the fingers
(especially thumbs) are used to
provide input by pressing buttons on
it.
26/12/2020
Output Devices
Monitor
Printer
Speaker
Headphones
Projector (Data show)
Storage
 Hard Drive
 1 Terabyte and upwards today
 As low as 256 KB less than 30 years
ago.
(that is more than a million times
greater capacity today!)
 CD-ROM
 600-700 MB
 DVD-ROM
 4 GB - Red Laser,
 27 GB- Blue Laser
 Flash Drives
 From 4 GB up to 100+ GB, including
high end of 1 TB.
Memory
• Random Access Memory
• It is also called as read write memory or the main memory
or the primary memory.
• It is a volatile memory as the data loses when the power is
turned off.
• Read Only Memory
• Stores crucial information essential to operate the system,
like the program essential to boot the computer.
• It is not volatile.
• Always retains its data.
26/12/2020

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Computer fundamental short information about input and output devices.

  • 1. Computer Fundamentals Prepared by : Mohammed Supervisor : Soran University Faculty Of Science Computer Department
  • 2. Computer System Components • Input • Keyboard, Mouse, Camera, Touch Pad • Processing • CPU • Output • Monitor, Printer • Storage • Floppy, Hard Drive, CD, DVD, Flash Drive
  • 3. Generations Gen. Hardware Software 1st Vacuum Tubes machine language 2nd Transistors Assembly language 3rd Integrated Chip (IC) Higher level languages, Application Programs 4th VLSI (Very Large Scale ICs) Object oriented programming, natural language processing
  • 4. The Binary System Bits – Binary digits, or 0,1. Bytes (8 bits) – ASCII, EBCDIC One byte is the space needed to store one character, like the letter “A”. Kilobyte (KB) – 1000 (actually, 1024) Megabyte (MB) – 1,000,000 Gigabyte (GB) – 1,000,000,000 Terabyte (TB) – 1,000,000,000,000
  • 5. Processing – CPU components Control Unit Clock cycle regulates all operations Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU) Add Gates – Half adder, full adder AND/OR/NOT gates Memory RAM – Static Dynamic ROM
  • 7. Some types of Input Devices:  Keyboard: It is the most common and very popular input data to the computer. 26/12/2020
  • 8. Mouse: It is basically a pointing device which works on the principle of point and click. 26/12/2020
  • 9. Game-pad: It is a type of game controller held in two hands, where the fingers (especially thumbs) are used to provide input by pressing buttons on it. 26/12/2020
  • 11. Storage  Hard Drive  1 Terabyte and upwards today  As low as 256 KB less than 30 years ago. (that is more than a million times greater capacity today!)  CD-ROM  600-700 MB  DVD-ROM  4 GB - Red Laser,  27 GB- Blue Laser  Flash Drives  From 4 GB up to 100+ GB, including high end of 1 TB.
  • 12. Memory • Random Access Memory • It is also called as read write memory or the main memory or the primary memory. • It is a volatile memory as the data loses when the power is turned off. • Read Only Memory • Stores crucial information essential to operate the system, like the program essential to boot the computer. • It is not volatile. • Always retains its data.

Editor's Notes

  1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_input_devices.htm
  2. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-computer-memory-ram-rom/