This document provides an introduction to basic computer hardware and software components. It defines a computer as an electronic device that can accept data as input, process it, produce output, and store results. The four main components are the input, processing, output, and storage. Hardware refers to the physical aspects like the monitor, drives, and cables while software programs control functions and processing. Common computer components include the CPU, memory, drives, ports, displays, and operating systems.
In this slide presentation you will get to know how computers work, the processes, basic mechanism and also the various components of the machine as a system.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
This Slideshare is the sole Property of the Welingkar School of Distance Learning – Reproduction of this material , without prior consent, either wholly or partially will be treated as a violation of copyright.
Computer is a device that can process information. Bus, powersupply, ports and other peripherals such as modems etc. form the components of a computer.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
A computer is an electronic device that takes data and instructions as input, processes the data and produces useful information as output.
First Calculating machine: Abacus means calculating board.
Mechanical device Napier Bones for the purpose of multiplication.
Slide rule for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
Pascal’s adding and subtractory machine.
Leibniz’s multiplication and dividing machine.
Charles babbage’s analytical engine.
Mechanical and electrical calculator to perform all type of calculation.
Modern electronic calculator.
||||The compilation and execution process of C can be divided into multiple steps:|||
Preprocessing - Using a Preprocessor program to convert C source code in expanded source code. "#includes" and "#defines" statements will be processed and replaced actually source codes in this step.
Compilation - Using a Compiler program to convert C expanded source to assembly source code.
Assembly - Using a Assembler program to convert assembly source code to object code.
Linking - Using a Linker program to convert object code to executable code. Multiple units of object codes are linked to together in this step.
Loading - Using a Loader program to load the executable code into CPU for execution.
|||Steps to solve a Problem||||
Analyze the problem.
Divide the process used to solve the problem in a series of tasks.
Formulate the algorithm to solve the problem.
Convert the algorithm in computer program.
Write the program in computer.
Input the data.
Program operates on input data.
Result produced.
Send the generated result to output unit to display it to user.
Parts of a Computer system. The system unit, I/O devices and peripheral devices. All of the electronic and mechanical equipment in a computer is called the hardware. Examples include:
Motherboard
Hard disk
RAM
Power supply
Processor
Case
Monitor
Keyboard
Mouse
In this slide presentation you will get to know how computers work, the processes, basic mechanism and also the various components of the machine as a system.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
This Slideshare is the sole Property of the Welingkar School of Distance Learning – Reproduction of this material , without prior consent, either wholly or partially will be treated as a violation of copyright.
Computer is a device that can process information. Bus, powersupply, ports and other peripherals such as modems etc. form the components of a computer.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
A computer is an electronic device that takes data and instructions as input, processes the data and produces useful information as output.
First Calculating machine: Abacus means calculating board.
Mechanical device Napier Bones for the purpose of multiplication.
Slide rule for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
Pascal’s adding and subtractory machine.
Leibniz’s multiplication and dividing machine.
Charles babbage’s analytical engine.
Mechanical and electrical calculator to perform all type of calculation.
Modern electronic calculator.
||||The compilation and execution process of C can be divided into multiple steps:|||
Preprocessing - Using a Preprocessor program to convert C source code in expanded source code. "#includes" and "#defines" statements will be processed and replaced actually source codes in this step.
Compilation - Using a Compiler program to convert C expanded source to assembly source code.
Assembly - Using a Assembler program to convert assembly source code to object code.
Linking - Using a Linker program to convert object code to executable code. Multiple units of object codes are linked to together in this step.
Loading - Using a Loader program to load the executable code into CPU for execution.
|||Steps to solve a Problem||||
Analyze the problem.
Divide the process used to solve the problem in a series of tasks.
Formulate the algorithm to solve the problem.
Convert the algorithm in computer program.
Write the program in computer.
Input the data.
Program operates on input data.
Result produced.
Send the generated result to output unit to display it to user.
Parts of a Computer system. The system unit, I/O devices and peripheral devices. All of the electronic and mechanical equipment in a computer is called the hardware. Examples include:
Motherboard
Hard disk
RAM
Power supply
Processor
Case
Monitor
Keyboard
Mouse
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. Definition of a Computer
“A computer is an electronic device, operating
under the control of instructions stored in its
own memory unit, that can accept data
(input), process data arithmetically and
logically, produce information (output) from
the processing, and store the results for
future use.”
3. Functions of a Computer
• Four operations performed
• The four operations are referred to as the
information processing cycle: Input,
Process, Output, and Storage.
• Computers transform raw data into
information
• People who use this information are
referred to as end users, computer users or
users
4. Introduction to Computer Hardware
• Hardware vs Software
Hardware is everything you can touch and see
Examples: Monitor, hard drive, CD-ROM, computer
cables, keyboard, mouse, modem, printer, etc.
5. Software
• Software are programs & applications
– Part of computer that cannot be seen
– Needed for computer to function
– Designed to solve common or custom problems
– System vs Application Software
6. Systems Software
• Consists of programs to control the
operation of computer
• Operating System - DOS
• Booting Process
• GUI - Graphical User Interface
7. Application Software
• Word Processing Software
• Electronic Spreadsheet Software
• Database Software
• Presentational Software
• Communication Software
• Electronic Mail Software
8. Components of a Computer
• There are four components to a computer
– Input Devices
– Processor Unit
– Output Devices
– Auxiliary Storage Devices
9. Input Devices
• Input Devices enable the user to enter data
into memory
• Examples of input devices:
– Keyboard
– Mouse
– Scanner
– Touch Screen Input
– OCR
10. The Processor Unit
• The Processor Unit is comprised of two
components:
– Central Processing Unit (CPU)
– Memory
11. CPU
• Interprets instructions to the computer
• Performs logical and arithmetic operations
• Causes the input and output operations to
occur
• A Pentium Pro Microprocessor can perform
approximately 250 million instructions per
second (MIPS)
12. CPU TYPES
• Intel, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD),
Motorola, Cyrix
• X86 family of processors: 8080, 8086,
8088, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium (P5),
Pentium Pro, Pentium II
• MMX - additions to the CPU programming
that allow for better and faster multimedia
tasks like graphics and sound.
13. Computer Memory
• RAM - Random Access Memory
– Computer’s primary storage of data to be
processed
– Silicon chips that store data and instructions as
electronic currents
– CPU can manipulate electrical currents
– Contents of RAM will be lost when power is
turned off
14. Computer Memory
• Usually measured in MB or KB (e.g.: 8 MB
of RAM)
• 1000 KB approximately = 1 MB
• 1 MB contains approximately 500 pages of
text information.
• More RAM = faster processing rate
• Applications determine how much RAM
needed
15. Computer Memory
• ROM - Read Only Memory
– Instructions and data are hard coded on the
silicon chips
– Examples: BIOS (Basic Input-Output
System)
• gives computer the initial instructions to get it
started once computer is turned on.
16. Cache
• Temporary holding area where the system
stores frequently accessed information
• Allows the processor to operate faster
• Size measured in KB (e.g. 256K or 512 K)
• Cache associated with the terms L1 or L2
• L1 is internal to the microprocessor
• L2 is separate from the microprocessor
17. Output Devices
• Output Devices make the information
resulting from processing available for use
• Examples of Output Devices:
– Printers
– Computer Screens
– Speakers
18. Computer Screens
• Also called monitor or Cathode Ray Tube
(CRT)
• Flat panel screens - LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display)
• Screen is made up of pixels
19. Auxiliary Devices
• Also know as Secondary Storage Devices
• Examples of Auxiliary Devices:
– Floppy Disks
– Hard Drives
– CD-ROM
– Tape Backup Drives
– ZIP Drives
21. Floppy Disks
• Disadvantages:
– Slow access time
– Low capacity
• Access time is measured in milliseconds
(ms)
• Formatting and protecting floppy disks
22. Hard Disks
• Secondary Storage Device
• Able to store large amounts of data
• Internal vs External
• Storage measured in MB’s or GB’s
• Access time measured in milliseconds (9-28
ms)
• Compression programs are used to save
storage space
23. CD-ROM
• Compact disk read-only memory disks are
used to store large amounts of prerecorded
information
• Since programs are getting bigger, it is a
good medium for storage of programs
• Drive Speeds: 4X, 6X, 8X, 10X, 16X, 20X,
24X
• Read-Write CD’s are now available
24. Tape Backup Drives
• Used primarily for backup important
information on HD as a precaution against
system failure or crashes
• Can be used to archive information
• Can store large amounts of information, but
access time is slower than floppy or hard
disks
25. ZIP and JAZ Drives
• The Zip drive uses special high capacity
disks (100MB) to store information
• Access times vary, but oftentimes are as fast
as hard drive
• Extremely convenient for transferring or
storing large amounts of data
• JAZ drives similar to Zip, but can store up
to 1 GB of info on 1 disk
26. Monitor
• Measured diagonally in inches
• Actual viewable area is less
• Monochrome
– Black and white display
• Color Monitors
– SVGA, VGA, EGA, CGA:
27. Monitor
• Image consists of small dots or pixels
• More pixels = clearer image
• Monitor needs monitor controller
(Video/Monitor card) to function
– Memory on monitor controller accelerates
display on image
– Accelerator chip speeds up display as well
28. Modem
• Device that allows transfer of data over
phone lines (internet access, faxing, etc..)
• BAUD - Speed of modem measured in bits
per second or bps
• Examples: 14.4 bps (or 14,400 bits per
second), 28.8 bps, 33.6 bps, etc..
• Internal or External
29. Modem
• 56K Modems are now available, but actual
speeds depend on the phone lines and the
technology used by your ISP (Internet
Service Provider)
30. Next Class
• We will meet in TAH 1007
• Bring your book and a floppy disk
• Read first two chapters of textbook