1. TRENDS IN CLOUD COMPUTING
FULL REPORT
RESEARCH
T H I R D A N N U A L • J U LY 2 0 1 2
www.comptia.org

2. !
!"#$%&%'()&*+)+,-.'&
!
+(,-./012!!"#$%""&'(!)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3!2&345!63'742!()!-8$9'(32!+(,-./0!8$2$:8%;!')!&;$!
%7(34!%(,-3&')<!2-:%$=!>38&;$8!$?-7(8')<!&8$)42=!%;:77$)<$2=!:)4!(--(8&3)'&'$2@!.;$!(6A$%&'9$2!(>!&;'2!
2&345!')%734$"!
!
B +(77$%&!')>(8,:&'()!()!$)4B32$8!-38%;:2$!48'9$82!:)4C(8!');'6'&(82!
B 022$22!4$-&;!(>!%7(34!32:<$!:)4!D:52!')!D;'%;!'&!'2!%;:)<')<!6$;:9'(8!
B .8:%E!&;$!$?-$8'$)%$!(>!%;:))$7!-:8&)$82!(>>$8')<!%7(34!2(73&'()2=!63'74')<!%7(34!-8:%&'%$2!
B F:3<$!%;:))$7!-$8%$-&'()2!(>!$)4B32$8!-38%;:2$!48'9$82!:)4!(8!');'6'&(82!
B G$:238$!',-:%&!(>!%7(34!%(,-3&')<!()!%;:))$7!8(7$2C9$)4(8!8$7:&'()2;'-2!
B 022$22!&;$!)$$4!>(8!&8:')')<!:)4C(8!2&:)4:842!
!
.;'2!2&345!%()2'2&2!(>!2$9$)!2$%&'()2=!D;'%;!%:)!6$!9'$D$4!')4$-$)4$)&75!(8!&(<$&;$8!:2!2$%&'()2!(>!:!
%(,-8$;$)2'9$!8$-(8&@!.;$!')4'9'43:7!2$%&'()2!:)4!>377!8$-(8&!%:)!6$!9'$D$4!:&!&;$!%7(34!%(,-3&')<!
8$2$:8%;!-:<$!()!&;$!+(,-./0!D$62'&$@!
!
#$%&'()!*"!G:8E$&!H9$89'$D!
#$%&'()!I"!J8'4<')<!&;$!.$%;)(7(<5!F:-!
#$%&'()!K"!L8(%38')<!+7(34!#(73&'()2!
#$%&'()!M"!+;:)<$2!&(!/.!N$-:8&,$)&2!:)4!L8(%$438$2!
#$%&'()!O"!+;:))$7!P'8,!/)9(79$,$)&!D'&;!+7(34!
#$%&'()!Q"!+;:))$7!H--(8&3)'&'$2!:)4!+;:77$)<$2!
#$%&'()!R"!+;:))$7!S'$D-(')&!(>!S$)4(8!:)4!+32&(,$8!.8$)42!
!
.;'2!2&345!D:2!%()43%&$4!')!&D(!-:8&2@!
!
L:8&!/"!T3:)&'&:&'9$!()7')$!2389$5!(>!OUU!/.!:)4!632')$22!-8(>$22'():72!')!&;$!V)'&$4!#&:&$2!')9(79$4!')!/.!
4$%'2'()B,:E')<!W:E:!$)4!32$82X@!N:&:!%(77$%&'()!(%%388$4!438')<!Y3)$!IU*I@!.;$!,:8<')!(>!2:,-7')<!
$88(8!:&!&;$!ZO[!%()>'4$)%$!7$9$7!>(8!&;$!V@#@!8$237&2!'2!CB!M@O!-$8%$)&:<$!-(')&2@!#:,-7')<!$88(8!'2!7:8<$8!
>(8!236<8(3-2!(>!&;$!4:&:@!!
!
L:8&!//"!T3:)&'&:&'9$!()7')$!2389$5!(>!MUU!/.!>'8,2!')!&;$!V)'&$4!#&:&$2!W:E:!%;:))$7X@!N:&:!%(77$%&'()!
(%%388$4!438')<!0-8'7!IU*I@!.;$!,:8<')!(>!2:,-7')<!$88(8!:&!&;$!ZO[!%()>'4$)%$!7$9$7!>(8!&;$!V@#@!8$237&2!
'2!CB!O@U!-$8%$)&:<$!-(')&2@!#:,-7')<!$88(8!'2!7:8<$8!>(8!236<8(3-2!(>!&;$!4:&:@!!
!
P(8!6(&;!2389$52=!+(,-./0!D(8E$4!D'&;!&;$!8$2$:8%;!>'8,!]$2$:8%;!^(D!&(!>:%'7'&:&$!4:&:!%(77$%&'()!
32')<!:)!')4$-$)4$)&!-:)$7@!02!D'&;!:)5!2389$5=!2:,-7')<!$88(8!'2!()75!()$!2(38%$!(>!-(22'67$!$88(8@!
_;'7$!)()B2:,-7')<!$88(8!%:))(&!6$!:%%38:&$75!%:7%37:&$4=!-8$%:3&'():85!2&$-2!D$8$!&:E$)!')!:77!-;:2$2!
(>!&;$!2389$5!4$2'<)=!%(77$%&'()!:)4!-8(%$22')<!(>!&;$!4:&:!&(!,')','`$!'&2!')>73$)%$@!
!
+(,-./0!'2!8$2-()2'67$!>(8!:77!%()&$)&!%()&:')$4!')!&;'2!2$8'$2@!0)5!T3$2&'()2!8$<:84')<!&;$!2&345!2;(374!
6$!4'8$%&$4!&(!+(,-./0!G:8E$&!]$2$:8%;!2&:>>!:&!8$2$:8%;a%(,-&':@(8<@!!
!
+(,-./0!'2!:!,$,6$8!(>!&;$!G:8E$&')<!]$2$:8%;!022(%':&'()!WG]0X!:)4!:4;$8$2!&(!&;$!G]012!+(4$!(>!
G:8E$&!]$2$:8%;!#&:)4:842@!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! *!

3. TRENDS IN CLOUD COMPUTING
S E C T I O N 1 : M A R K E T OV E RV I E W
RESEARCH
T H I R D A N N U A L • J U LY 2 0 1 2
www.comptia.org

4. !
!"#$%&'()*!
!
• ,-$!%.(/0!1234$&!%()&')/$5!&(!63(7!2)0!&(!8$%(1$!2)!')&$632.!923&!(:!(;$32..!<,!(9$32&'()5=!<)!
&-$!925&!>$23?!@23&)$3!-25!32'5$0!'&5!$5&'12&$!:(3!%.(/0!3$;$)/$!')!+A*B=!C(19,<D!02&2!5-(75!
&-2&!%-2))$.!:'315!23$!%()&')/')6!&(!:')0!5/%%$55!7'&-!%.(/0!2)0!23$!2.5(!$E9$%&')6!3$;$)/$!&(!
63(7?!7-'%-!'5!')!.')$!7'&-!&-$!')%3$25$0!');$5&1$)&!$E9$%&$0!:3(1!$)0!/5$35=!
!
• ,-$!6$)$32.!9$3%$9&'()!(:!%.(/0!%(19/&')6!2)0!&-$!/)0$35&2)0')6!(:!%.(/0!%()%$9&5!23$!8(&-!
2.5(!%()&')/')6!/97230!&3$)05=!F59$%'2..>!21()6!1$0'/1G.236$!:'315!2)0!<,!5&2::?!:21'.'23'&>!
7'&-!%.(/0!%()%$9&5!'5!2&!2!9(')&!(:!52&/32&'()=!,-'5!')0'%2&$5!&-2&!0'5%/55'()5!()!0$:')'&'()5!2)0!
&$31')(.(6>!23$!.'4$.>!8$%(1')6!.$55!)$%$5523>?!&-(/6-!&-$3$!23$!%$3&2').>!)$7!$)&32)&5!&(!&-$!
1234$&!&-2&!5&'..!3$H/'3$!$0/%2&'()=!
!
• ,-$!$::$%&!(:!&-$!%.(/0!()!&-$!<,!I(8!1234$&!'5!%/33$)&.>!2!5(/3%$!(:!-$2&$0!0$82&$=!,-$!93(59$%&!
(:!(/&5(/3%')6!299.'%2&'()5!2)0!'):325&3/%&/3$!6';$5!&-$!'193$55'()!&-2&!I(85!7'..!8$!.(5&?!8/&!
02&2!:3(1!<)0$$0=%(1!2)0!J'%$=%(1!')0'%2&$!&-2&!12)>!)$7!%.(/0!I(85!23$!8$')6!%3$2&$0=!
K.&'12&$.>?!2::(3028.$!2%%$55!&(!%(19/&$!3$5(/3%$!12>!03';$!63$2&$3!0$12)0=!
!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! +!

5. !
+,"$-).)"$&/$),"$01&23$4.56")$$
$
,-$!93$;2'.')6!5$)&'1$)&!21()6!<,!')0/5&3>!(85$3;$35!'5!&-2&!&-$!%.(/0!%(19/&')6!1234$&!-25!$)&$3$0!2!
)$7!5&26$!(:!12&/3'&>=!,-$!$23.>!20(9&$35!-2;$!$E9$3'1$)&$0!7'&-!&-$!1(0$.?!0'5%(;$3$0!5(1$!'55/$5?!
2)0!1(;$0!925&!&-$5$!'55/$5!&(!$E9.(3$!)$7!9(55'8'.'&'$5!/5')6!%.(/0M825$0!(9&'()5=!C(192)'$5!7-(!
7$3$!72'&')6!()!&-$!5'0$.')$5!:(3!%.(/0!&(!8$%(1$!1(3$!12')5&3$21!-2;$!)(7!$)&$3$0!&-$!1234$&?!
0327')6!()!&-$!.$55()5!.$23)$0!')!&-$!')'&'2.!5&26$5=!,-3(/6-!2..!&-'5!2%&';'&>?!8/5')$55$5!23$!3$2.'N')6!&-$!
72>5!')!7-'%-!%.(/0!%2)!8$5&!8$!/&'.'N$0!2)0!&-$!8$)$:'&5!&-$>!%2)!2%-'$;$!8>!/5')6!%.(/0!5(./&'()5=!
!
D5!&-$!%()%$9&!(:!%.(/0!%(19/&')6!-25!63(7)!')!9(9/.23'&>?!5(!-25!&-$!%()%$9&!(:!%.(/0M725-')6?!7-$3$!
2!;$)0(3!.28$.5!2!93(0/%&!(3!5$3;'%$!25!%.(/0M825$0!$;$)!':!&-$!93(0/%&!(3!5$3;'%$!0($5!)(&!&3/.>!-2;$!
:$2&/3$5!&-2&!7(/.0!12&%-!2!%.(/0!0$:')'&'()=!C.(/0!-25!8$%(1$!2!1234$&')6!&$31!')!12)>!%25$5?!2)0!
&-$3$!'5!82%4.25-!262')5&!&-$!&$31?!$59$%'2..>!:3(1!&-(5$!7-(!-2;$!2!0$$9!/)0$35&2)0')6!(:!&-$!
&$%-)'%2.!%2928'.'&'$5!&-2&!23$!2;2'.28.$=!#>5&$1!201')'5&32&(35!&$)0!&(!&-')4!28(/&!-(7!<,!(9$32&'()5!
23$!2%&/2..>!&24')6!9.2%$!7'&-(/&!7(33>')6!28(/&!7-$&-$3!'&!'5!%.(/0!(3!)(&=!
!
#&'..?!&-$3$!23$!:/)021$)&2.!3$25()5!&-2&!%.(/0!
-25!8$%(1$!5/%-!2!8/NN7(30?!2)0!&-(5$! !"#$%&'()#'*+),-'!)-%+.'
:/)021$)&2.!3$25()5!23$!.$20')6!&(!)$7!1234$&!
(99(3&/)'&'$5=!C()5'0$3!&-$!@23&)$3!93(I$%&'()5! 7#*8$%*'9*:;%<=:$>'?:*'/563'!&:.@',%-%$.%'
:(3!7(3.07'0$!3$;$)/$!:3(1!&-$!&-3$$!12I(3! ;=FF'G)#%2".&' ;=F;'G)#%2".&'
%.(/0!1(0$.5=!,-$!93(I$%&'()5!:(3!&(&2.!+A*B! A##A' H;F?I'JC++C)A' H;;?F'JC++C)A'
%.(/0!3$;$)/$!63$7!:3(1!OLP=+!8'..'()!')!&-$!+A**! 9##A' H;?K'JC++C)A' HF?L'JC++C)A'
:(3$%25&!&(!OQB=P!8'..'()!')!&-$!+A*+!:(3$%25&=!,-'5! B##A' HFM?M'JC++C)A' H;;'JC++C)A'
)/18$3!3$93$5$)&5!0'3$%&!%.(/0!');$5&1$)&5R!&-$!
&(&2.!7(/.0!8$!5'6)':'%2)&.>!-'6-$3!':!')0'3$%&!
');$5&1$)&5!5/%-!25!02&2%$)&$3G)$&7(34! !"#$$%&'()*+',%-%$.%'
/96320$5!(3!1(8'.$!299!3$;$)/$!7$3$!')%./0$0=! 51C621' 631C/21' /31C2D1' E351'
#$;$32.!(:!&-$5$!2%&';'&'$5!23$!')%./0$0!')!2!
%2&$6(3>!@23&)$3!.28$.5!S/5')$55!T3(%$55!25!2! 0""0' /21' /21' 451' //1'
#$3;'%$!UST22#V?!2)0!200')6!&-'5!&(!&-$!&(&2.!03';$5!
&-$'3!(;$32..!%.(/0!3$;$)/$!$5&'12&$!&(!O+AW!
1""0' /01' /21' /01' /61'
8'..'()!')!+A*X=!D.&-(/6-!&-$!T22#!5$61$)&!725!
20I/5&$0!0(7)?!#22#!2)0!<22#!8(&-!63$7!1(3$!
&-2)!$)(/6-!&(!(::5$&!&-2&!20I/5&1$)&=!,-'5! /""0' /01' /21' /31' /31'
63(7&-!7'..!%(1$!:3(1!)$7!%(192)'$5!$)&$3')6!
&-$!1234$&!2)0!$E'5&')6!%(192)'$5!200')6!%.(/0! 0),#2%3'*)456/78.'! $%&&'()$*"+&#,$-&$.)/'#$./01'2&3$.&,-9'
"#
:".%3';<='>?0?'2@"AA%+'BC&@'2+),-')D%#CAE.'
5$3;'%$5?!8/&!&-$!592%$!7'..!.'4$.>!8$!5-29$0!
.236$.>!8>!&-$!-2)0:/.!(:!:'315!&-2&!-2;$!');$5&$0!
-$2;'.>!')!%.(/0!2)0!%/33$)&.>!6$)$32&$!O*!8'..'()!
(3!1(3$!')!%.(/0!5$3;'%$5=!
!
Y'&-!2)!(;$32..!<,!3$;$)/$!9((.!(:!2993(E'12&$.>!OL=+!&3'..'()?!%.(/0!5$3;'%$5!3$93$5$)&!2!5'6)':'%2)&Z
2)0!63(7')6Z923&!(:!<,!59$)0')6=!#22#!2)0!<22#!12>!0(1')2&$!&-$!(;$32..!%.(/0!1234$&?!8/&!%-2))$.!
:'315!7-(!-2;$!8$6/)!(::$3')6!%.(/0!5$3;'%$5!3$9(3&!&-2&!3$;$)/$!'5!0'5&3'8/&$0!$;$).>!2%3(55!5$3;'%$5!
%())$%&$0!&(!2..!&-3$$!1(0$.5=!F)0!/5$35!23$!/&'.'N')6!5$.:M5$3;'%$!(9&'()5!1(3$!:3$H/$)&.>!&(!2%%$55!#22#!
2)0!<22#!3$5(/3%$5?!5(!200'&'()2.!5$3;'%$5!&-2&!%-2))$.!:'315!%2)!(::$3!')!23$25!5/%-!25!%()5/.&')6!(3!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! L!

6. !
$0/%2&'()!23$!25!.'4$.>!&(!-299$)!3$6230.$55!(:!&-$!1(0$.=!<&!'5!2.5(!9(55'8.$!&-2&!%-2))$.!:'315!&((4!2!
.((5$!2993(2%-!&(!%.255':'%2&'()R!')!932%&'%$!&-$>!12>!:')0!1')'12.!;2./$!')!&>')6!0$5%3'9&'()5!(:!5$3;'%$5!
&(!3'6'0!0$:')'&'()5=!
!
[&-$3!23$25!(:!<,!&-2&!%2)!/&'.'N$!%.(/0!%(19()$)&5!23$!2.5(!$E9$%&$0!&(!63(7=!<JC!$E9$%&5!7(3.07'0$!
%.(/0!5&(326$!$E9$)0'&/3$5!&(!3$2%-!O**=W!8'..'()!')!+A*B?!)$23.>!&3'9.')6!&-$!21(/)&!59$)&!')!+A*A=!
D%%(30')6!&(!DS<!$5$23%-?!&-$!0'525&$3!3$%(;$3>G8/5')$55!%()&')/'&>!1234$&!7'..!63(7!&(!OLP!8'..'()!8>!
+A*B?!03';$)!')!.236$!923&!8>!&-$!/5$!(:!%.(/0!'):325&3/%&/3$!&(!59')!/9!5>5&$15!25!)$$0$0!2:&$3!2!%3'5'5!
$;$)&!-25!(%%/33$0=!,-$!(9&'()!(:!%.(/0!5(./&'()5!:(3!;23'(/5!923&5!(:!&-$!%(19/&')6!5&2%4!'5!(9$)')6!&-$!
0((35!:(3!<,!93(:$55'()2.5!&(!9$3:(31!)$7!&2545!U(3!2&!.$25&!9$3:(31!(.0!&2545!')!)$7!72>5V=!
!
J2&2!:3(1!C(19,<D]5!!*#$%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3!5&/0>!2::'315!&-2&!&-$!1234$&!:(3!%.(/0!
%(19/&')6!'5!3(8/5&?!$;$)!':!0'5%/55'()5!5/33(/)0')6!&-$!/5$!(:!&-$!&$31!23$!72)')6=!^(3!&-$!&-'30!
5&32'6-&!>$23?!&-$!)/18$3!(:!$)0!/5$35!/&'.'N')6!%.(/0!3$5(/3%$5!-25!3'5$)=!D993(E'12&$.>!_L`!(:!
%(192)'$5!3$9(3&!/5')6!5(1$!:(31!(:!%.(/0!5(./&'()?!2)0!%.(/0!%(19()$)&5!23$!9.2>')6!2)!')%3$25')6.>!
5'6)':'%2)&!3(.$!')!(;$32..!<,!23%-'&$%&/3$5!U+L`!(:!%(192)'$5!3$9(3&!%.(/0!%(19()$)&5!124')6!/9!LA`M
BA`!(:!&-$'3!23%-'&$%&/3$V=!J3';$35!:(3!%.(/0!5(./&'()5!3$12')!5'1'.23!&(!>$235!925&"!%(5&!'5!2!&(9!03';$3?!
2)0!12)>!:'315!:')0!&-2&!&-$3$!23$!1/.&'9.$!8$)$:'&5!&(!%.(/0!5(./&'()5!&-2&!124$!&-$1!6((0!%-('%$5=!
!
!"#$%&$'(%)'*%+,&-'.%'/0%12'
O"$,)"'.%'=1.'=%$.$' ;:5'
C,D?0K'>"N")'%?F%&' 885'
!"21="'=#?M"J' 875'
*%2")&,L#F%&'%('0"-#=K'@A' 835'
!"21="'=%D?0"J,.K' 835'
@&2"?"&2"&.'%?")#F%&' 8:5'
G+%,2'$%IH#)"'0,="&$,&-' 795'
G22'&"H'=#?#>,0,F"$' 785'
C,D?0"E(#$.',D?0"D"&.#F%&' 785'
!"21="'@A'B"#2=%1&.' 365'
<)"2,=.#>0"'?),=,&-' 345'
C%1)="P'/%D?A@GQ$'!"#$%&&'()$*"+&#,$-&$.)/'#$./01'2&3$$.12K'
R#$"P'8S;'TUCU'@A'%)'R1$,&"$$'"J"=1F+"$'V#W#'"&2'1$")$X'1$,&-'=0%12'$%01F%&$'
!
!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! Q!

7. !
<)!&-$!%-2))$.?!&-$!9$359$%&';$!'5!5.'6-&.>!0'::$3$)&=!,-$!)/18$3!(:!:'315!&-2&!8(&-!/5$!%.(/0!5(./&'()5!
2)0!5$..!%.(/0!5$3;'%$5!&(!$)0!%.'$)&5!03(99$0!5.'6-&.>Z:3(1!Q*`!')!+A**!&(!LQ`!')!+A*+=!,-'5!0($5!)(&!
)$%$5523'.>!')0'%2&$!7$24)$55!')!&-$!(;$32..!%.(/0!1234$&?!8/&!'5!1(3$!.'4$.>!2!3$:')')6!(:!&-$!5$3;'%$5!
1234$&!25!&-$!&3$)0!12&/3$5=!^'315!&-2&!')'&'2..>!$E9.(3$0!%.(/0!(::$3')65!12>!-2;$!/.&'12&$.>!:(/)0!&-2&!
%.(/0!5$3;'%$5!0'0!)(&!:'&!7$..!')!&-$'3!9(3&:(.'(?!2!&3$)0!C(19,<D!-25!2.5(!5$$)!')!3$5$23%-!()!;$3&'%2.!
1234$&5=!<)&$632&'()!(:!%.(/0!(::$3')65!')&(!2!%-2))$.!8/5')$55!'5!$E9.(3$0!')!1(3$!0$&2'.!')!#$%&'()!B=!!
!
,-$!92&&$3)!:(3!:/&/3$!%.(/0!');$5&1$)&!8>!$)0!/5$35!%.(5$.>!:(..(75!&-$!92&&$3)!:3(1!.25&!>$23"!2!
5'6)':'%2)&!)/18$3!(:!%(192)'$5!23$!9.2))')6!5'6)':'%2)&!')%3$25$5!&(!&-$'3!%.(/0!');$5&1$)&5=!<&!'5!
')&$3$5&')6!&(!)(&$!&-2&!&-$!')&$)&!&(!')%3$25$!');$5&1$)&!'5!)(&!)$%$5523'.>!2!:2%&(3!(:!-(7!.()6!2!
%(192)>!-25!8$$)!/5')6!%.(/0!(9&'()5=!,-$!02&2!5-(75!&-2&!%(192)'$5!&-2&!-2;$!8$$)!/5')6!%.(/0!
(9&'()5!:(3!&-3$$!(3!1(3$!>$235!23$!I/5&!25!.'4$.>!&(!')%3$25$!');$5&1$)&!25!%(192)'$5!&-2&!-2;$!8$$)!
/5')6!%.(/0!(9&'()5!:(3!.$55!&-2)!()$!>$23=!D5!2!%(192)>!62')5!$E9$3'$)%$!')!&-$!%.(/0?!&-$>!23$!.'4$.>!&(!
8$%(1$!2723$!(:!1(3$!(99(3&/)'&'$5!&-$>!%2)!&24$!20;2)&26$!(:=!
!
<)%3$25$0!');$5&1$)&!:3(1!$)0!/5$35!.$205!&(!')%3$25$0!3$;$)/$?!)(&!().>!:(3!%.(/0!93(;'0$35!8/&!2.5(!
:(3!%-2))$.!:'315=!D1()6!&-$!%-2))$.!:'315!')!&-$!5&/0>!7-(!-20!%.(/0!(::$3')65!25!923&!(:!&-$'3!
9(3&:(.'(?!2!5'N28.$!)/18$3!7$3$!$E9$%&')6!')%3$25$5!')!%.(/0M3$.2&$0!3$;$)/$=!,-'5!%(/.0!8$!')!&-$!:(31!
(:!')&$632&'()!93(I$%&5?!%()5/.&')6?!1(8'.$!2)0!0$54&(9!%.(/0!0$;$.(91$)&?!2)0!;$3&'%2.!%/5&(1'N2&'()=!
#$$!#$%&'()!X!(:!&-'5!3$9(3&!:(3!1(3$!0$&2'.!()!%.(/0!(::$3')65!:3(1!%-2))$.!:'315=!
!
!"#$%&'($)"*'&+,'"+$
-"#$./-""'0$12(,$3'*'"4'$
67')8#$$%"'9*1+')/**%$,":'
-;%*<$=')"-/&'+-"/>-$+'-*'
!"#$$%&'($)*%#+%+',-'' +%*0<)%+?'@AB'8#0%')"-/&'
9:7$ =%$%*#>$='-0%*'8#"7',8%<*'
."-/&'($0%+,1%$,+' *%0%$/%'#$&'CDB'%EF%),'
23$&'4+%*5' )"-/&G*%"#,%&'*%0%$/%',-'=*-H'
+<=$<9)#$,":'<$'DIADJ'
887$
567$ 5;7$
557$
<7$ =$67$ 67>?7$ 5<7>567$ @$567$
AB4(C'D$.B,EF)GH&!"#$!%&&'()!*#+&$,!-&!.)/'$!./01'2&3!&+4#I$
J-&'D$6<5$%KAK$L4&2"'&&'&$M-N-$'"#$4&'(&O$-"#$86<$C/-""'0$P(,&$Q2+/$C0B4#$BR'(2"S&$
!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! B!

8. !
%&*')'7"$-"()'8"()$95'7'(:$;(7"*)8"()$
!
,-$!');$5&1$)&!&-2&!:'315!23$!9.2))')6!'5!825$0!()!&-$!9(5'&';$!5$)&'1$)&!&-$>!-238(3!&(72305!%.(/0!
%(19/&')6=!D62')?!&-$!&$31!%.(/0!12>!8$!6$&&')6!/5$0!25!2!1234$&')6!&$31?!8/&!&-$!9(9/.23'&>!(:!&-$!
%()%$9&!'5!03';')6!8(&-!<,!5&2::!2)0!8/5')$55!5&2::!&(!$E9$3'1$)&!7'&-!2)0!/)0$35&2)0!&-$!1(0$.=!
!
,-$!6$)$32.!9$3%$9&'()!(:!%.(/0!%(19/&')6!3$12')5!()!2)!/97230!&3$)0=!F'6-&>M:';$!9$3%$)&!(:!
3$59()0$)&5!:$$.!a1(3$!9(5'&';$b!(3!a5'6)':'%2)&.>!1(3$!9(5'&';$b!28(/&!%.(/0!%(19/&')6!&-2)!&-$>!0'0!
.25&!>$23?!%(1923$0!&(!W+`!(:!3$59()0$)&5!')!&-$!+A**!5&/0>!7-(!:$.&!&-$>!-20!&-$!521$!>$23!(;$3!>$23!
'193(;$1$)&!')!9$3%$9&'()=!,-$!&(9!3$25()!6';$)!:(3!&-$!'193(;$1$)&!')!9$3%$9&'()!725!&-2&!%.(/0!
$)28.$5!(&-$3!8/5')$55!93(%$55$5=!S(&-!<,!5&2::!2)0!8/5')$55!5&2::!32)4$0!&-'5!-'6-.>?!5(!-'6-.'6-&')6!&-$!
72>5!')!7-'%-!%.(/0!5(./&'()5!%2)!2%&!25!2)!$)28.$3!'5!2!6((0!5&32&$6>!3$6230.$55!(:!7-(!'5!124')6!&-$!
9/3%-25$!0$%'5'()=!<)0$$0?!%-2))$.!:'315!3$9(3&!&-$!)/18$3!()$!03';$3!:(3!(::$3')6!%.(/0!5(./&'()5!25!
&-$!28'.'&>!&(!6';$!%.'$)&5!)$7!&$%-)(.(6>!(99(3&/)'&'$5!&-2&!23$!(/&!(:!3$2%-!')!(.0$3!1(0$.5=!
!
,-$3$!-25!2.5(!8$$)!2!5'6)':'%2)&!')%3$25$!')!/)0$35&2)0')6!(:!%.(/0!%(19/&')6=!,-$!a93$;'(/5!>$23b!
:21'.'23'&>!(:!&-$!+A*+!3$59()0$)&5!725!)(&!H/'&$!2!&-$!.$;$.5!(:!&-$!a%/33$)&!>$23b!:21'.'23'&>!:3(1!&-$!
+A**!5219.$?!8/&!5')%$!'&!'5!2!5$.:M3$9(3&$0!1$25/3$?!9$(9.$!12>!&$)0!&(!3(/6-.>!32&$!&-$'3!93$;'(/5!
.$;$.5!(:!/)0$35&2)0')6!')!&-$!1'00.$!(:!&-$!32)6$=!Y-'.$!&-$!a93$;'(/5!>$23b!32&')6!12>!8$!5.'6-&.>!.$55!
2%%/32&$!5')%$!&-$>!3$.>!()!9$(9.$]5!1$1(3>?!&-$!a%/33$)&!>$23b!255$551$)&5!5-(7!&-2&!&-$3$!23$!%.$23!
62')5!')!/)0$35&2)0')6=!!
!
!"#$%&'("#)"*+,-+./,0#+.,1203"*++
.,"3"0$&+',+4%,5+
>?8+ >68+ >?8+
7=8+ 7>8+
::8+ ::8+ :78+
998+
678+
;<8+ ;68+
@1(//+A%1&+ B$#)01+ C(%*$+A%1&+ DE$F03G$&+ HI+&'(J+ K0&)"$&&+
A%1&+ &'(J+
L(1)/)(%MN$%O+L(1)/)(%+C(&'+P$(%+ L(1)/)(%MN$%O+L(1)/)(%+Q,5+
@,0%F$R+.,12IHST&+!"#$$%&&'()$*"+&#,$-&$.)/'#$./01'2&3$&'0#O+
K(&$R+<7<+!U@U+V0&)"$&&$&+W(X(+$"#+0&$%&Y+
$
$
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! X!

9. !
^/3&-$31(3$?!&-$!$E&3$1$.>!-'6-!.$;$.5!(:!:21'.'23'&>!21()6!%$3&2')!5$61$)&5!')0'%2&$!&-2&!&-$3$!'5!2!
0$%.')')6!)$$0!&(!$E9.2')!%()%$9&5!:(3!&-(5$!63(/95=!!,-'5!7(/.0!2.5(!8$!&3/$!:(3!%(192)'$5!7-(!-2;$!
59$)&!5'6)':'%2)&!&'1$!/5')6!%.(/0!5(./&'()5=!,-2&!12>!8$!2!512..!9$3%$)&26$!(:!8/5')$55$5Z().>!W=_`!(:!
:'315!')0'%2&$0!&-$>!-2;$!8$$)!/5')6!%.(/0!:(3!&-3$$!>$235!(3!1(3$Z8/&!'&!2.5(!3$93$5$)&5!&-$!&-(/6-&!
.$20$35!7-(!23$!03';')6!0'5%/55'()!23(/)0!%.(/0!%()%$9&5=!
!
,-$!12&/3'&>!(:!%.(/0?!&-$)?!'5!93$5$)&')6!2)!')&$3$5&')6!93(8.$1!:(3!&-$!')0/5&3>=![;$32..!/)0$35&2)0')6!
'5!')%3$25')6!2)0!5(1$!%(192)'$5!-2;$!8$$)!0'5%/55')6!%.(/0!(9&'()5!:(3!5$;$32.!>$235?!8/&!&-$3$!23$!
5&'..!5(1$!5$61$)&5!7'&-!.(7$3!/)0$35&2)0')6!2)0!%(192)'$5!7-(!23$!$)&$3')6!&-$!%.(/0!1234$&=!<&!'5!
8$%(1')6!1(3$!'19(3&2)&!&(!93(9$3.>!4)(7!&-$!&236$&!2/0'$)%$!:(3!2!52.$5!9'&%-!(3!8/5')$55!
(99(3&/)'&>!2)0!20I/5&!2%%(30')6.>=!^(3!5(1$!0'5%/55'()5?!0$:')'&'()5!12>!5&'..!8$!)$%$5523>R!:(3!(&-$35?!
1(3$!20;2)%$0!%()%$9&5!2)0!/5$5!%2)!8$!923&!(:!&-$!0'2.(6=!
$
+,"$01&23$<//"=)$&($>&?*$
!
[)$!:')2.!259$%&!(:!&-$!%.(/0!1234$&!'5!&-$!$::$%&!'&!'5!-2;')6!()!<,!I(85=!,-$!')'&'2.!3$2%&'()!&(!&-$!
%()%$9&!(:!1(;')6!%(19/&$!3$5(/3%$!&(!2)!$E&$3)2.!93(;'0$3!'5!&-2&!I(85!7'..!8$!.(5&=!c(7$;$3?!2)!
')59$%&'()!(:!&-$!I(8!1234$&!')0'%2&$5!&-2&!&-$!3$2.!9'%&/3$!'5!1(3$!%(19.'%2&$0=!
!
<)!^$83/23>!+A*+?!2!d'%3(5(:&M59()5(3$0!<JC!3$9(3&*!:(/)0!&-2&!&32)5'&'()5!&(!%.(/0!%(19/&')6!7'..!
6$)$32&$!*L=_!1'..'()!)$7!I(85!8>!&-$!>$23!+A*B=!,-$3$!23$!5$;$32.!:2%&(35!&(!4$$9!')!1')0!7-$)!
%()5'0$3')6!&-'5!)/18$3=!^'35&?!'&!'5!2!7(3.07'0$!5&2&'5&'%=!,-$!8/.4!(:!&-$!)$7!I(85!23$!93$0'%&$0!&(!8$!
:(/)0!')!C-')2!2)0!<)0'2?!7'&-!().>!*=*W!1'..'()!I(85!%3$2&$0!')!2..!(:!e(3&-!D1$3'%2=!#$%()0?!<JC!'5!/5')6!
2!1$&-(0(.(6>!:(3!93$0'%&')6!I(8!%3$2&'()!825$0!()!<,!52;')65!&-2&!5/85$H/$)&.>!03';$!8/5')$55!
'))(;2&'()=!#')%$!%.(/0!%(19/&')6!'5!2!0'53/9&';$!:(3%$?!&-'5!1$&-(0(.(6>!12>!-2;$!5(1$!')2%%/32%'$5=!
^')2..>?!2)0!1(5&!'19(3&2)&.>?!&-$!3$9(3&!'5!:(%/5$0!()!&(&2.!I(85!%3$2&$0?!)(&!().>!I(85!7'&-')!&-$!<,!
:/)%&'()=!,-$!93$1'5$!'5!&-2&!52;')65!:3(1!1(;')6!&(!&-$!%.(/0!7'..!8$!/5$0!:(3!<,!'))(;2&'()?!7-'%-!
.$205!&(!8/5')$55!'))(;2&'()?!7-'%-!.$205!&(!)$7!I(85!2%3(55!2..!8/5')$55!/)'&5=!
!
,-$!02&2!:3(1!&-$!<JC!3$9(3&!%$3&2').>!:.'$5!')!&-$!:2%$!(:!&-$!')'&'2.!3$2%&'()!&(!%.(/0!%(19/&')6?!5(!&-$!
:')0')65!-2;$!8$$)!1$&!7'&-!5(1$!21(/)&!(:!%3'&'%'51?!923&'%/.23.>!:3(1!&-$!<,!%(11/)'&>=!c(7$;$3?!
02&2!5/66$5&5!&-2&!$;$)!7-$)!%()5'0$3')6!<,!I(85?!&-$!&-$(3>!(:!(;$32..!I(8!.(55!12>!)(&!&/3)!(/&!&(!8$!
2%%/32&$=!D!5'19.$!5$23%-!(:!a%.(/0b!()!&-$!I(8!9(5&')6!5'&$!')0$$0=%(1!5-(75!5'6)':'%2)&!63(7&-!')!
%.(/0M3$.2&$0!I(8!9(5&')65!(;$3!&-$!925&!LMQ!>$235=!D00'&'()2..>?!J'%$=%(1Z2)(&-$3!I(8!9(5&')6!5'&$!&-2&!
:(%/5$5!()!&$%-)'%2.!I(85MM527!1(3$!&-2)!*+?AAA!%.(/0!%(19/&')6!I(85!.'5&$0!().')$!')!D93'.?!2!BA!
9$3%$)&!')%3$25$!(;$3!.25&!>$23!2)0!2!+WB!9$3%$)&!')%3$25$!')!&-$!925&!&7(!>$235=!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
*
!-&&9"GG777=1'%3(5(:&=%(1G$)M/5G)$75G0(7).(20G:$2&/3$5G+A*+G<JCfC.(/0fI(85fY-'&$fT29$3=90:!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! W!

10. !
!
!
C(19,<D]5!02&2!2.5(!3$:.$%&5!&-2&!&-$!)$&!$::$%&!()!<,!I(85!12>!8$!9(5'&';$=!^(3!&-$!5$%()0!>$23?!
a3$0/%&'()5!')!<,!-$20%(/)&b!725!()$!(:!&-$!.$25&!9(9/.23!3$25()5!&-2&!%(192)'$5!%-(5$!25!2!1(&';2&'()!
&(!1(;$!&(!&-$!%.(/0=![).>!+A`!(:!8/5')$55$5!')0'%2&$0!&-2&!&-$>!-20!3$0/%$0!<,!-$20%(/)&!25!2!3$5/.&!
(:!2!%.(/0!&32)5'&'()=!<)!%()&325&?!L+`!')0'%2&$0!&-2&!&-$>!-20!0()$!5(1$!3$5&3/%&/3')6!(:!&-$!<,!
0$923&1$)&?!2)0!)$23.>!-2.:!(:!&-(5$!%(192)'$5!-20!8/'.&!)$7!3(.$5!3$.2&$0!&(!%.(/0!%(19/&')6?!5/%-!25!
7(34$35!54'..$0!')!8/'.0')6!93';2&$!%.(/05!(3!0$923&1$)&2.!.'2'5()5!7-(!/)0$35&2)0!&-$!)$$05!(:!;23'(/5!
.')$5!(:!8/5')$55=!
!
g2.'02&'()!(:!%.(/0!54'..5!'5!8$%(1')6!5(1$&-')6!1(3$!%(192)'$5!23$!')&$3$5&$0!')=!,-'5!%(/.0!299.>!2&!
2)!')0';'0/2.!.$;$.!(3!2)!(362)'N2&'()2.!.$;$.!:(3!%(192)'$5!(::$3')6!%.(/0!5$3;'%$5=!,-3$$!:(/3&-5!(:!
%-2))$.!:'315!5/3;$>$0!52'0!&-2&!;$)0(3M)$/&32.!%3$0$)&'2.5!5-(7%25')6!4)(7.$06$!2)0!$E9$3&'5$!')!
%.(/0!%(19/&')6!93(828.>!(3!0$:')'&$.>!-2;$!1$3'&=!,-$!&(9!1(&';2&'()5!:(3!93(%/3')6!5/%-!2!%3$0$)&'2.!
')%./0$!0'::$3$)&'2&'()!:3(1!(&-$3!5$3;'%$!93(;'0$35?!;2.'02&'()!(:!&-$!%.(/0!%(19/&')6!;2./$!
93(9(5'&'()?!2)0!93((:!(:!8$5&!932%&'%$5!:(3!')&$632&')6!%.(/0!(::$3')65!')&(!2!8/5')$55=!
!
D&!2)!')0';'0/2.!%(192)>!.$;$.?!&-$!5&(3>!(:!I(8!%3$2&'()!(3!3$0/%&'()!12>!;23>=!D!%-('%$!&(!(/&5(/3%$!
'):325&3/%&/3$?!299.'%2&'()5?!(3!%(11/)'%2&'()5!&(!&-$!%.(/0!12>!7$..!3$5/.&!')!-$20%(/)&!3$0/%&'()!:(3!
2!6';$)!%(192)>=!D&!2!12%3(!.$;$.?!&-(/6-?!'&!5$$15!.'4$.>!&-2&!&-$!h$;()5!T2320(E!'5!')!9.2>"!')%3$25$5!')!
&-$!$::'%'$)&!/5$!(:!2!3$5(/3%$!.$20!&(!')%3$25$5!')!&-$!32&$!(:!%()5/19&'()!(:!&-2&!3$5(/3%$=!C(192)'$5!
12>!8$!1(;')6!3$5(/3%$5!&(!%.(/0!93(;'0$35?!8/&!&-$>!12>!5&'..!3$H/'3$!')&$3)2.!<,!-$20%(/)&!&(!12)26$!
'55/$5?!2)0!&-$!12')&$)2)%$!7(34!&32)5:$35!&(!&-$!%.(/0!93(;'0$3=!,-$!%.(/0!93(;'0$3!12>!8$!1(3$!
$::'%'$)&!&-2)45!&(!;'3&/2.'N2&'()!2)0!5%2.$?!8/&!)$7!%.(/0!93(;'0$35!23$!$)&$3')6!&-$!1234$&=![;$32..?!&-$!
%(19.$E'&>!')!12)26$1$)&!2)0!&-$!$)28.$1$)&!(:!)$7!8/5')$55!93(%$55$5!12>!93(;$!&-2&!%.(/0!'5!)(&!2!
0$5&3(>$3!(:!I(85!2:&$3!2..=!,-$>!23$!5'19.>!I(85!:(3!)$7!54'..5!')!)$7!23$25=!
!
!
!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! _!

11. !
@AA"(3'B$
!
^(3!&-$!!*#$%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3!3$9(3&?!C(19,<D!:(%/5$0!()!59$%':'%!299.'%2&'()5!2)0!
1(0$.5!(:!'):325&3/%&/3$!&(!/)0$35&2)0!%.(/0!20(9&'()!32&$5!32&-$3!&-2)!-2;$!3$59()0$)&5!%.255':>!&-$'3!
%.(/0!/526$!25!#225?!T225?!(3!<22#=!^3(1!&-$!299.'%2&'()!9$359$%&';$?!8/5')$55$5!23$!$E9.(3')6!%.(/0!
(9&'()5!:(3!2!7'0$!32)6$!(:!&((.5=!!^(3!<22#GT22#!/526$?!&-$!02&2!5-(75!&-2&!20(9&'()!')!&-$5$!23$25!'5!
5$&!&(!63(7!5/85&2)&'2..>?!8/&!&-'5!725!5'1'.23!&(!:')0')65!')!C(19,<D]5!93$;'(/5!3$9(3&=!<)&$)&!&(!
9/3%-25$!(:&$)!0($5!)(&!&32)5.2&$!&(!2%&/2.!/5$!:(3!2!)/18$3!(:!3$25()5=!D..!&(6$&-$3?!().>!*W`!(:!
8/5')$55$5!7$3$!)(&!/5')6!%.(/0!(9&'()5!')!2)>!:(31=!
!
+.?1"$CD$@AA1'=.)'&(*$'($),"$01&23$
$
$
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! P!

12. !
!"#$%&$'(()*+(()$
!"##$%&'()*+,%-) 3'4%)&5)*+$),%)6$7&)8$4#)
:1/)
,-.$
2;/)
21/)
GG.$
01/) 09/)
./)
/012%$ )3(44$ /#5063$ 7(28#$ /012%$ )3(44$ /#5063$ 7(28#$
)%621#9$:%3;<'=>"$!"#$%&&'()$*"+&#,$-&$.)/'#$./01'2&3$"?65@$
A("#9$BCD$!E)E$F23"$
$
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! *A!

13. TRENDS IN CLOUD COMPUTING
SECTION 2: BRIDGING THE TECHNOLOGY GAP
RESEARCH
T H I R D A N N U A L • J U LY 2 0 1 2
www.comptia.org

14. !
!"#$%&'()*!
!
• +,!&-$!%.(/0!1234$&!12&/3$,5!&-$!)$$0!6(3!0',%/,,'()!23(/)0!0$6')'&'(),!2)0!&$31')(.(78!
0$%3$2,$,9!:(;$<$35!&-$!)2&/3$!(6!%.(/0!,(./&'(),!&(!3$1(<$!%(1=.$>'&8!63(1!&-$!$)0!/,$3!
1$2),!&-2&!2!,(./&'()!=3(<'0$3!2%&')7!2,!2!%.(/0!')&$31$0'238!;'..!,&'..!)$$0!&(!?$!6/..8!2;23$!(6!
&-$!'))$3!;(34')7,5!$<$)!&-(/7-!&-$'3!%.'$)&!0'2.(7!128!?$!.$,,!&$%-)'%2.9!
!
• @$31,!.'4$!A)632,&3/%&/3$!2,!2!#$3<'%$!BA22#C5!D.2&6(31!2,!2!#$3<'%$!BD22#C5!2)0!#(6&;23$!2,!2!
#$3<'%$!B#22#C!128!)(&!?$!/,$6/.!')!0$,%3'?')7!&-$!23%-'&$%&/3$!(6!2!,(./&'()5!?/&!/)0$3,&2)0')7!
&-$!&$%-)'%2.!='$%$,!?$-')0!2)!(66$3')7!23$!'1=(3&2)&!6(3!&3(/?.$,-((&')7!(3!12')&$)2)%$9!
@-$,$!='$%$,!')%./0$!<'3&/2.!12%-')$,5!%.(/0!,&(327$5!.(20!?2.2)%$3,5!02&2?2,$!,$3<'%$,5!2)0!
2==.'%2&'(),9!E(,&!$)0!%.'$)&,F$,=$%'2..8!&-(,$!(/&,'0$!&-$!A@!6/)%&'()F23$!6(%/,$0!()!&-$!
2==.'%2&'()!.28$39!
!
• A)&$732&')7!%.(/0!,(./&'(),!;'&-!.$72%8!,8,&$1,!',!&-$!&(=!%-2..$)7$!6(3!$)0!/,$3,9!@-',!
')&$732&'()!&8='%2..8!')<(.<$,!2)!+==.'%2&'()!D3(73211')7!A)&$362%$!B+DAC9!G(3!1(,&!/,$3,5!&-$!
=3'1238!+DA,!&-$8!;'..!0$2.!;'&-!23$!&-(,$!&-2&!%())$%&!2!%.(/0!2==.'%2&'()!&(!()H=3$1',$!02&29!
G(3!0$<$.(=$3,!(6!%.(/0!2==.'%2&'(),5!&-$3$!',!2.,(!2!,$&!(6!+DA,!&-2&!%())$%&,!&-$!2==.'%2&'()!&(!
&-$!/)0$3.8')7!')632,&3/%&/3$9!
!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! *!

15. !
!"#$%##&$'($)*&#+,'-*&$./(0&$!#+12*(/(34$$
$
,-!%.(/0!%(12/&')3!'-!$)&$4')3!5!)$6!-&53$!(7!15&/4'&8!5)0!50(2&'()9!&:$4$!'-!5!34(6')3!45)3$!(7!
751'.'54'&8!6'&:!&:$!%()%$2&-!5)0!&$41')(.(38;!<5)8!6:(!:5=$!$>2$4'1$)&$0!6'&:!(4!$1?45%$0!%.(/0!
-(./&'()-!')!&:$!$54.8!-&53$-!/)0$4-&5)0!&:$!0$7')'&'()-!6$..!5)0!54$!5)>'(/-!&(!0'-%/--!&:$!
&45)-7(415&'()-!&:5&!54$!(%%/44')3!')!?/-')$--$-!5)0!@A!0$254&1$)&-;!<$5)6:'.$9!)$6%(1$4-!&(!&:$!
7'$.0!54$!-&'..!%(1')3!/2!&(!-2$$0!()!&:$!0$7')'&'()-!5)0!:(6!&:$!)$6!&$41-!7'&!')&(!&:$'4!/)0$4-&5)0')3!
(7!@A!(2$45&'()-;!
!
,&!&:$!-51$!&'1$9!&:$4$!'-!5!34(6')3!4$5.'B5&'()!&:5&!&:$!&$41')(.(38!5)0!0$7')'&'()-!&:5&!:5=$!-24/)3!
/2!54(/)0!%.(/0!%(12/&')3!54$!2$4:52-!5!0$34$$!4$1(=$0!74(1!&:$!245%&'%5.!/-53$!(7!&:$!&$%:)(.(38;!
C(4!$>512.$9!%()-'0$4!5!%.(/0D?5-$0!EF<!522.'%5&'();!A$%:)'%5..89!&:'-!6(/.0!?$!#(7&654$!5-!5!#$4='%$!
G#55#H;!I/&!&:$!$)0!/-$4-!(7!&:'-!522.'%5&'()J&:$!?/.K!(7!6:'%:!54$!.'K$.8!)(&!.(%5&$0!')!5)!@A!
0$254&1$)&J6'..!24(?5?.8!L/-&!&:')K!(7!&:$!&((.!5-!&:$'4!EF<!-(7&654$;!A:$8!1'3:&!2(--'?.8!K)(6!&:5&!'&!
'-!%.(/0D?5-$09!?/&!&:$!658!')!6:'%:!&:$!-(7&654$!'-!24(='0$0!'-!5!.(6$4!24'(4'&8!7(4!&:$-$!/-$4-;!
!
C(4!&:$!@A!0$254&1$)&!(4!-(./&'()!24(='0$4!4$-2()-'?.$!7(4!-/22(4&')3!&:$!522.'%5&'()9!&:$!
'12.$1$)&5&'()!0$&5'.-!15&&$4!1(4$;!@7!-(1$&:')3!3($-!64()39!'&!'-!'12(4&5)&!&(!/)0$4-&5)0!6:5&!:5-!
&45)-2'4$0!5)0!6:5&!)$$0-!&(!?$!0()$!&(!7'>!&:')3-;!C/4&:$41(4$9!5-!%.(/0!-(./&'()-!?$%(1$!1(4$!
24$=5.$)&9!&:$4$!6'..!?$!7$6$4!')-&5)%$-!6:$4$!5!-(./&'()!$>'-&-!')!5!=5%//1;!E.(/0!-8-&$1-!6'..!)$$0!&(!
')&$45%&!6'&:!()D24$1'-$!-8-&$1-9!5)0!&:$4$!6'..!?$!0$$2$4!&$%:)'%5.!K)(6.$03$!5)0!$>2$4&'-$!4$M/'4$0!
7(4!')&$345&'()!&:5)!7(4!-'12.$!/-53$;!
!
!
!
@A!-2$%'5.'-&-9!&:$)9!6'..!)$$0!&(!?/'.0!&6(!-$&-!(7!=(%5?/.548;!,-!%.(/0!%(12/&')3!15K$-!&$%:)(.(38!
1(4$!5%%$--'?.$!&(!)()D&$%:)'%5.!6(4K$4-9!&:$4$!6'..!?$!N%.'$)&D-'0$O!0'-%/--'()-!&:5&!&5K$!2.5%$;!A:$-$!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! +!

16. !
,'-%.--'()-!/'00!1(%.-!0$--!()!&2$!).&-!3),!4(0&-!(1!%0(.,!-(0.&'()-!3),!5(6$!()!&2$!4.-')$--!4$)$1'&-!
3),!,63/43%7-!&(!.-')8!&2$!-(0.&'()9!:(6!-.;;(6&!(6!')&$863&'()!53&&$6-<!3!=-$6>$6?-',$@!5$)&30'&A!/'00!
4$!)$$,$,!&23&!.),$6-&3),-!&(;'%-!0'7$!>'6&.30'B3&'()!3),!CDE-9!F3-&$6')8!4(&2!,'-%';0')$-!3),!4$')8!340$!
&(!&63)-'&'()!4$&/$$)!&2$5!/'00!4$!3!%6'&'%30!EG!-7'00!1(6!&2$!1.&.6$9!
!
!"#$%&#'#($)*$+"#$,-)./$%.00-#$$
!
E)!3!-$)-$<!53)A!%0(.,!%(5;()$)&-!36$!)(!,'11$6$)&!&23)!%(5;()$)&-!&23&!/(.0,!4$!1(.),!')!3)!()?
;6$5'-$!,3&3%$)&$69!G2$6$!36$!-(5$!43-'%!4.'0,')8!40(%7-!&23&!%(5;6'-$!EG!')163-&6.%&.6$<!3),!&2$!
)(>$0&A!(1!%0(.,!%(5;.&')8!'-!&2$!34'0'&A!&(!&37$!3,>3)&38$!(1!0368$?-%30$!6$-(.6%$-!3),!.4'H.'&(.-!
)$&/(67')8!&(!;6(>',$!3!,'11$6$)&!$),!.-$6!$I;$6'$)%$9!#&'00<!'&!'-!/(6&2/2'0$!&(!4$!135'0'36!/'&2!&2$!
&A;'%30!/3A-!')!/2'%2!3!%0(.,!;6(>',$6!5'82&!,$-%6'4$!&2$!%(5;()$)&-!(6!&2$!-$6>'%$-9!!
!
C&!&2$!')163-&6.%&.6$!0$>$0<!&2$!1(.),3&'()30!;'$%$!'-!3!>'6&.30!53%2')$9!J'6&.30'B3&'()!&$%2)(0(8A!'-!/$00!
$-&340'-2$,!')!&2$!,3&3%$)&$6!-;3%$<!&2(.82!53)A!1'65-!&23&!%.66$)&0A!23>$!3!-5300!35(.)&!(1!%(5;.&$!
6$-(.6%$!53A!)(&!23>$!$I;0(6$,!&2$!&(;'%!>$6A!&2(6(.820A9!K0(.,!')163-&6.%&.6$!;6(>',$6-!8'>$!3!.-$6!&2$!
34'0'&A!&(!-;')!.;!3!).54$6!(1!>'6&.30!53%2')$-!L30&$6)3&'>$0A!7)(/)!3-!')-&3)%$-!(6!%0(.,!-$6>$6-M!()!
,$53),<!&2$)!;3A!()0A!1(6!&2$!53%2')$-!&2$A!36$!.-')89!G2'-!'-!3)!3&&63%&'>$!(;&'()!1(6!1'65-!&23&!03%7!
&2$!34'0'&A!&(!;.6%23-$!&2$'6!(/)!;2A-'%30!$H.';5$)&!(6!&23&!23>$!,A)35'%!)$$,-!1(6!6$-(.6%$-9!
!
#&(638$!'-!3!%(5;0$5$)&36A!;'$%$!&(!&2$!>'6&.30!-$6>$6!3),!%3)!4$!1(.),!')!&/(!>36'3&'()-9!:'6-&<!&2$6$!'-!
-&(638$!3--(%'3&$,!/'&2!3!;36&'%.036!>'6&.30!53%2')$9!G2'-!-&(638$!53A!%()&3')!1'0$-!&23&!36$!-;$%'1'%!&(!
&2$!(;$63&'()!(1!&23&!>'6&.30!53%2')$!3-!/$00!3-!%()1'8.63&'()!')1(653&'()!1(6!&2$!53%2')$!'&-$01<!-(!&23&!
&2$!53%2')$!%(.0,!4$!4((&$,!16(5!&2$!-&(638$9!G2$!-$%(),!&A;$!(1!-&(638$!'-!-'5;0A!63/!-&(638$!')!&2$!
%0(.,9!G2'-!'-!&2$!&A;$!(1!-&(638$!.-$,!1(6!-&3&'%!1'0$-!(6!3-!3!;36&!(1!3)!(>$6300!43%7.;!(6!,'-3-&$6!
6$%(>$6A!;03)9!
!
G2$!1')30!7$A!')86$,'$)&!1(6!%0(.,!')163-&6.%&.6$!'-!&2$!0(3,!4303)%$69!G$%2)'%300A<!&2'-!'-!)(&!3)!
')163-&6.%&.6$!%(5;()$)&<!4.&!'&!'-!-(!&'82&0A!&'$,!&(!&2$!%0(.,!%(5;.&')8!>30.$!;6(;(-'&'()!&23&!'&!'-!
(1&$)!')%0.,$,!3&!&2'-!0$>$09!G2$!0(3,!4303)%$6!3.&(53&'%300A!,'-&6'4.&$-!&6311'%!35()8!>'6&.30!53%2')$-9!E&!
%3)!5()'&(6!&2$!2$30&2!(1!&2$!53%2')$-!3),!%6$3&$!)$/!53%2')$-!3-!)$$,$,<!300!3%%(6,')8!&(!6.0$-!&23&!
&2$!3,5')'-&63&(6!-$&-!.;9!!
!
J'6&.30!53%2')$-<!-&(638$<!3),!0(3,!4303)%')8!%(5;6'-$!3!&A;'%30!E)163-&6.%&.6$!3-!3!#$6>'%$!LE33#M!
(11$6')89!D03&1(65!3-!3!#$6>'%$!LD33#M!'-!&2$!-&3),36,!&$65!1(6!&2$!)$I&!03A$6!(1!(11$6')8!()!&2$!%0(.,!
-&3%7<!4.&!&2$!63)8$!(1!;(--'40$!(11$6')8-!3&!&2'-!03A$6!'-!/',$6!&23)!&23&!&$65!5'82&!-.88$-&9!D33#!'-!5(-&!
(1&$)!.-$,!&(!,$-%6'4$!3)!$)>'6()5$)&!1(6!-(1&/36$!,$>$0(;5$)&!/2$6$!&2$!,$>$0(;$6!%3)!.&'0'B$!3!
-A-&$5!/'&2!;6(>',$,!&((0-!/'&2(.&!23>')8!&(!53)38$!&2$!.),$60A')8!6$-(.6%$-9!G2$!D33#!;6(>',$6!
23),0$-!300!6$-(.6%$!53)38$5$)&!,A)35'%300A!&26(.82!&2$!;03&1(659!!
!
G2$6$!36$!(&2$6!(11$6')8-!3>3'0340$!&23&!,(!)(&!1'&!&2'-!,$1')'&'()<!4.&!-&'00!;6(>',$!3)!')&$65$,'36A!-&$;!
4$&/$$)!&2$!63/!')163-&6.%&.6$!3),!3!1')'-2$,!3;;0'%3&'()9!NI35;0$-!')%0.,$!,3&343-$!-$6>'%$-<!OP#!/$4!
-$6>'%$-<!(6!&2$!34'0'&A!&(!;6(>'-'()!3!;6'>3&$!%0(.,!)$&/(67!.-')8!;.40'%!%0(.,!6$-(.6%$-9!C&!&2'-!03A$6!(1!
(11$6')8-<!5(6$!>30.$!'-!4$')8!;6(>',$,!4A!5(>')8!&2$!$),!.-$6!1.6&2$6!16(5!')163-&6.%&.6$!53)38$5$)&!
3),!,$0'>$6')8!-(5$&2')8!&23&!%3)!4$!5(6$!6$3,'0A!.&'0'B$,9!
!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! +!

17. !
,&!&-$!&(.!(/!&-$!%0(12!3&4%5!0'$3!#(/&647$!43!
4!#$78'%$!9#44#:;!<(7!&-'3!(//$7')=>!400!(/!&-$!
1)2$70?')=!%(@.1&$!7$3(17%$!4)2!
2$8$0(.@$)&!$//(7&!47$!-'22$)!/7(@!&-$!
%13&(@$7!4)2!&-$7$!'3!3'@.0?!4!/')40!.7(21%&!
&-4&!%4)!A$!.7(%17$2!4)2!13$2;!B(6$8$7>!
#44#!4..0'%4&'()3!2(!)(&!0'8$!')!4!84%11@>!
4)2!&-$7$!47$!(..(7&1)'&'$3!&(!')&$=74&$!
&-$3$!&((03!6'&-!4!%(@.4)?C3!
%(@.7$-$)3'8$!3?3&$@3!4)2!.7(%$33$3;!<(7!
$D4@.0$>!$D.$)3$!@4)4=$@$)&!@4?!A$!
-4)20$2!&-7(1=-!4!#44#!4..0'%4&'()!A1&!3&'00!
)$$2!&(!A$!%())$%&$2!&(!()E.7$@'3$!
/')4)%'40!')/(7@4&'();!
!
F177$)&0?>!&-$!A105!(/!%0(12!42(.&'()!'3!')!
&-$!#44#!47$)4;!G(3&!/'7@3!$3&'@4&$!&-4&!
#44#!@45$3!1.!4&!0$43&!-40/!(/!&-$!%0(12!
@475$&>!6'&-!H44#!4)2!I44#!3.0'&&')=!&-$!
2'//$7$)%$;!F(@.JI,C3!24&4!%(77(A(74&$3!
&-'3;!K'=-&?E&-7$$!.$7%$)&!(/!%(@.4)'$3!
3178$?$2!47$!13')=!3(@$!&?.$!(/!%0(12!
3(01&'()>!4)2!LLM!4..$47!&(!A$!13')=!I44#!(7!
H44#;!I&!'3!)(&$6(7&-?!&-4&!6'&-!&-$!
$D%$.&'()!(/!%(004A(74&'()!.04&/(7@3>!400!
3(/&647$!4..0'%4&'()3!3&'00!-48$!=7$4&$7!()E
.7$@'3$!')%'2$)%$!&-4)!%0(12!')%'2$)%$!9NOJK"!3(@$!%(@.4)'$3!@4?!-48$!A(&-!&?.$3!(/!4..0'%4&'();!<(7!
$D4@.0$>!1)2$7!A13')$33!.7(21%&'8'&?!4!%(@.4)?!@4?!13$!A(&-!G'%7(3(/&!O//'%$!4)2!G'%7(3(/&!O//'%$!
LP+:;!
!
!"##$%&'#()'!$)*)+',-&)#().'
!
,3!3&4&$2>!13$!(/!%0(12!4..0'%4&'()3!7$Q1'7$3!3(@$!0$8$0!(/!')&$=74&'()!&(!()E.7$@'3$!4..0'%4&'()3!(7!
24&4A43$3;!J-'3!')&$=74&'()!643!0'3&$2!43!&-$!&(.!%-400$)=$!')!&-$!4"#$%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3!
3&12?>!4)2!'&!7$@4')3!&-$!&(.!%-400$)=$!')!&-'3!?$47C3!3&12?;!B40/!(/!400!%(@.4)'$3!13')=!%0(12!3(01&'()3!
0'3&!')&$=74&'()!43!&-$!.7'@47?!%-400$)=$!&-$?!/4%$;!!
!
<(7!4..0'%4&'()3>!&-'3!')&$=74&'()!'3!2()$!&-7(1=-!4)!,..0'%4&'()!H7(=74@@')=!I)&$7/4%$!9,HI:;!,)!,HI!'3!
2$/')$2!A?!4!3(/&647$!2$8$0(.$7!(7!')/743&71%&17$!.7(8'2$7!43!4!3$&!(/!3.$%'/'%4&'()3!&-4&!400(6!
%(@@1)'%4&'()!6'&-!&-$!3(/&647$!(7!')/743&71%&17$;!<(7!#44#!4..0'%4&'()3>!&-$!%(@@1)'%4&'()3!
$D%-4)=$!&?.'%400?!(%%173!(8$7!&-$!BJJH!.7(&(%(0>!4)2!&-$7$!47$!&6(!.7'@47?!,HI!47%-'&$%&17$3!')!.04%$;!
J-$!#O,H!9#'@.0$!OAR$%&!,%%$33!H7(&(%(0:!47%-'&$%&17$!'3!A$%(@')=!0$33!.(.1047>!6'&-!@(7$!,HI3!
/48(7')=!&-$!SK#J!9S$.7$3$)&4&'()40!#&4&$!J74)3/$7:!47%-'&$%&17$!&-4)53!&(!$@.-43'3!')!SK#J!()!
7$424A'0'&?!4)2!0(6$7!A4)26'2&-!13$;!
!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! +!

18. !
,!#--#!-../'%-&'()!0'//!.(&$)&'-//1!')2(/2$!&0(!3-')!4$&4!(5!
,6748!9)$!4$&!(5!,674!0'//!:$!.;$4$)&$<!&(!$)<!=4$;4>!-)<!
&?$4$!%-)!:$!=4$<!&(!&;-)45$;!')5(;3-&'()!5;(3!$@'4&')A!
<-&-:-4$4>!%())$%&!&(!4$.-;-&$!()B.;$3'4$!-../'%-&'()4>!
(;!<$2$/(.!%=4&(3'C$<!.'$%$4!(5!4(5&0-;$!&?-&!-%&!-4!-!
5;()&B$)<!&(!&?$!#--#!-../'%-&'()8!D?$!4$%()<!4$&!(5!,674!
'4!=&'/'C$<!:1!&?$!#--#!<$2$/(.$;4!&(!&'$!')!&(!&?$!
')5;-4&;=%&=;$!&?$1!-;$!=4')A8!E(;!$@-3./$>!-!#--#!
-../'%-&'()!3-1!=&'/'C$!,3-C()!F$:!#$;2'%$4!5(;!
')5;-4&;=%&=;$>!4(!&?$!#--#!<$2$/(.$;!0'//!=4$!,3-C()G4!
,674!5(;!%;$-&')A!2';&=-/!3-%?')$4!(;!-%%$44')A!4&(;-A$8!
!
D?$!')5;-4&;=%&=;$!4$&!(5!,674!?-4!:$%(3$!-!?(&!&(.'%!
;$%$)&/1!-4!4$2$;-/!(.&'()4!-;$!:$')A!.;$4$)&$<!5(;!:(&?!
.=:/'%!-)<!.;'2-&$!%/(=<48!7)!&?$!.=:/'%!%/(=<!4.-%$>!
,3-C()!'4!&?$!3(4&!.;$2-/$)&!(.&'()!0'&?!-!.;(.;'$&-;1!
4$&!(5!,6748!7)!*HIH>!J-%K4.-%$!-)<!L,#,!5(;3$<!&?$!
9.$)#&-%K!.;(M$%&!-4!-)!(.$)!4(=;%$!-/&$;)-&'2$!5(;!
:='/<')A!%/(=<!')5;-4&;=%&=;$8!D?$!%()%$.&!<;'2')A!&?'4!
.;(M$%&!'4!&(!=4$!9.$)#&-%K!&(!:='/<!3-)1!%/(=<!(.&'()4>!
.=:/'%!-)<!.;'2-&$>!5(;!%()4=3$;4!&(!%?((4$!5;(38!,)!
-../'%-&'()!=4')A!9.$)#&-%K!,674!%(=/<!&?$)!:$!.(;&$<!
5;(3!()$!%/(=<!&(!-)(&?$;8!N6!'4!&?$!5';4&!%(3.-)1!
(55$;')A!-!.=:/'%!%/(=<!(.&'()!=4')A!9.$)#&-%K!
-;%?'&$%&=;$8!,/&?(=A?!9.$)#&-%KG4!,674!-;$!%=;;$)&/1!
%(3.-&':/$!0'&?!&?$!,3-C()!,674>!&?$;$!'4!)(&!-)!(55'%'-/!
/'%$)4')A!<$-/!')!./-%$!-)<!&?$;$!'4!<$:-&$!')!&?$!
9.$)#&-%K!%(33=)'&1!-4!&(!&?$!$@&$)&!(5!,3-C()!%(3.-&':'/'&18!!
!
9&?$;!.(.=/-;!(.&'()4!5(;!:='/<')A!%/(=<!')5;-4&;=%&=;$!')%/=<$!O/(=<#&-%K!-)<!P=%-/1.&=48!D?$4$!$'&?$;!
?-2$!.=:/'%/1!4&-&$<!4=..(;&!5(;!,3-C()!,674!Q')!&?$!%-4$!(5!O/(=<#&-%KR!(;!4'A)$<!/'%$)4')A!-A;$$3$)&4!
0'&?!,3-C()!Q')!&?$!%-4$!(5!P=%-/1.&=4R8!O/(=<#&-%K!0-4!<()-&$<!&(!&?$!,.-%?$!#(5&0-;$!E(=)<-&'()!:1!
O'&;'@>!-)<!&?$!(&?$;!3-M(;!2';&=-/'C-&'()!./-1$;4!QSTF-;$!-)<!T'%;(4(5&R!-/4(!(55$;!&$%?)(/(A1!5(;!
:='/<')A!.;'2-&$!%/(=<4!5;(3!<-&-%$)&$;4!&?-&!5$-&=;$!&?$';!?1.$;2'4(;48!
!
D?$!=4$!(5!,674!?'A?/'A?&4!&?$!<=-/!)-&=;$!(5!&?$!3')<4$&!-!4(/=&'()!.;(2'<$;!3=4&!?-2$!'5!&?$1!-;$!
-44'4&')A!%=4&(3$;4!0'&?!%/(=<!&;-)4'&'()48!7)!3(4&!%-4$4>!&?$!%=4&(3$;!0'//!:$!$2-/=-&')A!-!#--#!
-../'%-&'()>!-)<!&?$!4(/=&'()!.;(2'<$;!0'//!-44'4&!0'&?!')&$A;-&')A!&?-&!-../'%-&'()!=4')A!%/'$)&B4'<$!,6748!
,/&?(=A?!&?$!%=4&(3$;!3-1!)(&!:$!2$;1!%()%$;)$<!-:(=&!&?$!')5;-4&;=%&=;$!&?$!-../'%-&'()!'4!;=))')A!
()>!&?$!4(/=&'()!.;(2'<$;!4?(=/<!:$!-0-;$!(5!&?'4!-4!'&!;$/-&$4!&(!2$)<(;!/(%KB')8!E(;!$@-3./$>!'5!-!.'$%$!(5!
4(5&0-;$!'4!%(<$<!&(!=4$!,3-C()!,674>!&?$;$!0'//!:$!4'A)'5'%-)&!$55(;&!')2(/2$<!')!3(2')A!&?-&!4(5&0-;$!
&(!-)(&?$;!%/(=<!&?-&!<($4!)(&!5$-&=;$!,3-C()!4=..(;&8!U1!5=//1!=)<$;4&-)<')A!%/(=<!-;%?'&$%&=;$4!-)<!
&?$)!4$/$%&'2$/1!-../1')A!&?-&!K)(0/$<A$!&(!:='/<!%=4&(3$;!4(/=&'()4>!-!4(/=&'()!.;(2'<$;!%-)!<$/'2$;!&?$!
3-@'3=3!2-/=$!&(!;$4(/2')A!%/'$)&!'44=$48!
!
!
!
!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! +!

19. TRENDS IN CLOUD COMPUTING
SECTION 3: PROCURING CLOUD SOLUTIONS
RESEARCH
T H I R D A N N U A L • J U LY 2 0 1 2
www.comptia.org

20. !
!"#$%&'()*!
!
• ,-..$)&/01!23!&$456!748$!7$/9!&7$!/'():6!674.$!(;!.$6<()6'='/'&0!;(.!<.(%-.')>!%/(-9!6(/-&'()6?!
@(A$8$.1!&7$!94&4!()!;-&-.$!%/(-9!</4)6!67(A!&74&!84.'(-6!/')$6!(;!=-6')$66!540!=$!<.(B$%&')>!
-6$6!(;!%/(-9!&74&!&7$!23!9$<4.&5$)&!'6!-)4A4.$!(;?!37'6!C.(>-$!23D!540!/$49!&(!67(.&E&$.5!
6<$$9!')!<.(%-.')>!6(/-&'()61!=-&!540!%4-6$!/()>E&$.5!7$494%7$6!')!6$%-.'&0!(.!.$/'4='/'&0?!
!
• F6!/')$6!(;!=-6')$66!=$%(5$!5(.$!/'G$/0!&(!<.(%-.$!&7$'.!(A)!%/(-9!6(/-&'()61!'&!'6!'5<(.&4)&!&(!
9$8$/(<!4!<.(%$66!;(.!G$$<')>!&7$!23!&$45!');(.5$9!(;!</4)6?!F!=-6')$66!540!9$%'9$!&74&!&7$!23!
9$<4.&5$)&!9($6!)(&!748$!&(!4<<.(8$!$8$.0!6(/-&'()1!=-&!A'&7(-&!G)(A/$9>$!(;!&7$!6'&-4&'()!'&!
%4)!=$!9';;'%-/&!&(!466'6&!';!&7$!6(/-&'()!9($6!)(&!A(.G!46!$H<$%&$9!(.!)$$96!&(!=$!')&$>.4&$9!')&(!
(&7$.!606&$56?!!
!
• ,(6&!'6!4!9.'8')>!;4%&(.!;(.!54)0!%/(-9!&.4)6'&'()61!4)9!5(6&!%(5<4)'$6!5$46-.$!%(6&!648')>6!
4>4')6&!&7$'.!(.'>')4/!$6&'54&$6?!@(A$8$.1!=(&7!$)9!-6$.6!4)9!%74))$/!;'.56!4.$!;')9')>!&74&!
7'99$)!%(6&6!%4)!499!-<!(8$.!&'5$1!54G')>!'&!'5<(.&4)&!&(!$5<746'I$!(&7$.!%/(-9!=$)$;'&6!6-%7!
46!6%4/4='/'&0!4)9!)$A!%4<4='/'&'$6?!
!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! +!

21. !
!"#$%&'()*+*,)&-*.#(%&)/*&'0&1*23+)4*()&&
&
+)$!(,!&-$!.(/&!0'/%1//$0!2/3$%&/!(,!%4(10!%(.31&')5!'/!'&/!2%%$//'6'4'&78!$9$)!,(:!1/$:/!;-(!-29$!4(;$:!
2.(1)&/!(,!&$%-)'%24!/<'44=!#3'))')5!13!2!9':&124!.2%-')$!')!2)!>22#!$)9':().$)&!0($/!)(&!:$?1':$!
0$&2'4$0!<)(;4$05$!(,!&-$!-73$:9'/(:=!@)!$)0!1/$:!%2)!/&2:&!;(:<')5!;'&-!2!#22#!2334'%2&'()!67!9'/'&')5!2!
;$6/'&$!2)0!3:(9'0')5!1/$:!%:$0$)&'24/!2)0!6'44')5!'),(:.2&'()=!A4(10!%(.31&')5!4(;$:/!&-$!62::'$:!(,!
$)&:7!&(!&$%-)(4(57!2)0!5'9$/!2%%$//!&(!2:$2/!&-2&!-29$!&:20'&'()2447!:$?1':$0!%((3$:2&'()!;'&-!&-$!>B!
0$32:&.$)&=!
!
C(:!&-'/!:$2/()8!&-$!%()%$3&!(,!D:(51$!>BE!'/!52')')5!&:2%&'()=!B-'/!:$,$:/!&(!&-$!&$)0$)%7!(,!4')$/!(,!
61/')$//!&(!1/$!&-$':!(;)!6105$&/!&(!3:(%1:$!:$/(1:%$/=!>)!%()F1)%&'()!;'&-!&-$!%()/1.$:'G2&'()!(,!>B!
H;-$:$!%()/1.$:!&:$)0/8!&$%-)'?1$/8!2)0!&$%-)(4(57!2:$!6$')5!1/$0!,(:!61/')$//!31:3(/$/I8!:(51$!>B!
3:$/$)&/!2!)$;!%-244$)5$!,(:!&-$!>B!0$32:&.$)&=!A$:&2')47!&-$!%()%$3&!'/!)(&!1)'?1$!&(!&-$!%4(10J')!
/$2:%-')5!,(:!&-$!?1'%<$/&!;27!&(!2!/(41&'()8!$)0!1/$:/!-29$!,:$?1$)&47!1/$0!&-$':!(;)!6105$&/!&(!617!
/(,&;2:$!(:!0$9'%$/=!B-$!0',,$:$)%$!;'&-!%4(10!:$/(1:%$/!'/!&-2&!&-$7!2:$!.1%-!.(:$!3(;$:,14!2)0!
1/264$=!B-$!9':&124!.2%-')$!')!2)!>22#!$)9':().$)&!.27!)(&!:$?1':$!-73$:9'/(:!<)(;4$05$8!61&!'&!24/(!
0($/!)(&!:$?1':$!&-$!2%&124!31:%-2/$!(,!2!3-7/'%24!/$:9$:8!/(.$&-')5!&-2&!;(140!)(&!-29$!,'&!')&(!2!
/&2)02:0!4')$!(,!61/')$//!6105$&=!
!
A(.3B>@K/!!*#$%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3!/&107!3:(9'0$/!')/'5-&!')&(!&-'/!&:$)0!2/!;$44!2/!2!
9'$;3(')&!()!-(;!%4(10!/(41&'()/!2:$!3:(%1:$0=!@/!2!/&2:&')5!3(')&8!%()/'0$:!%1::$)&47!')/&244$0!
2334'%2&'()/=!#$%&'()!L!(,!&-'/!:$3(:&!/-(;$0!&-2&!&-$:$!'/!2!-$24&-7!.'M!(,!%4(10!2)0!()N3:$.'/$!
')/&2442&'()/8!2)0!')!,2%&!()N3:$.'/$!')/&2442&'()/!2:$!/&'44!,29(:$0!')!)$2:47!$9$:7!%2&$5(:7!(,!2334'%2&'()=!
B-$!>B!&$2.!-2/!&-$!.(/&!<)(;4$05$!26(1&!&-$!/&2&$!(,!&-$/$!%1::$)&!2334'%2&'()/O!')!$9$:7!%2&$5(:78!
61/')$//!/&2,,!;$:$!.(:$!4'<$47!&(!:$/3()0!DP()K&!<)(;E!:$52:0')5!&-$!')/&2442&'()=!!
!
B-$!3'%&1:$!%-2)5$/!;-$)!
%()/'0$:')5!&-(/$!()N
3:$.'/$!2334'%2&'()/!&-2&!
.'5-&!.(9$!&(!&-$!%4(10=!
B-$:$!2:$!/$9$:24!
')/&2)%$/!H-'5-4'5-&$0!')!
&-$!%-2:&I!;-$:$!61/')$//!
/&2,,!/-(;!5:$2&$:!')&$)&!
&(!$92412&$!%4(10!(3&'()/!
(:!.(9$!2334'%2&'()/!')&(!
&-$!%4(10=!!@/!61/')$//!
/&2,,!6$%(.$!.(:$!
,2.'4'2:!;'&-!%4(10!(3&'()/!
2)0!&-$!,$2&1:$/!&-$7!
(,,$:8!&-$7!;'44!6$!.(:$!
4'<$47!&(!$M34(:$!&-$!
3(//'6'4'&7!(,!3:(%1:')5!
/(41&'()/!()!&-$':!(;)=!
!
B-'/!:$3:$/$)&/!2!-'5-N:'/<!2:$2!,(:!%(.32)'$/=!@4&-(15-!%4(10!/(41&'()/!:$.(9$!&-$!)$$0!,(:!%$:&2')!
&$%-)'%24!/<'44/8!32:&!(,!&-$!9241$!')!&-$!>B!0$32:&.$)&!'/!&-$!<)(;4$05$!(,!-(;!&$%-)(4(57!,'&/!')&(!&-$!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! *!

22. !
(,$-.//!012')$22!3-(%$22!.)4!5(6!&(!7.')&.')!.!2$%1-$!3(2'&'()8!912')$22!2&.::!65(!0$;')!12');!%/(14!
2(/1&'()2!(1&2'4$!&5$!31-,'$6!(:!&5$!<=!4$3.-&7$)&!7.>!)(&!0$!%()2'4$-');!65$-$!4.&.!'2!0$');!2&(-$4?!
65.&!5.33$)2!')!%.2$!(:!.)!(1&.;$?!(-!5(6!&5$!%/(14!&((/!'2!')&$;-.&$4!')&(!(&5$-!012')$22!2>2&$728!
@'&5!2$%1-'&>!./-$.4>!.!7.A(-!%()%$-)!:(-!%(73.)'$2B'&!'2!/'2&$4!.2!&5$!&(3!51-4/$!0>!)()C%/(14!12');!
%(73.)'$2!.)4!&5$!&(3!-$.2()!:(-!%12&(7$-!-$A$%&'()!(:!%/(14!0>!%5.))$/!:'-72B&5'2!'2!.)(&5$-!.-$.!&(!
0$!.6.-$!(:!2(!&5.&!4.&.!-$7.')2!%():'4$)&'./!.)4!%(73/'.)%$!&(!-$D1'-$4!2&.)4.-42!'2!7.')&.')$48!<&!'2!
./2(!'73(-&.)&!&(!-$7$70$-!&5.&!&5$!01-4$)!4($2!)(&!-$2&!2(/$/>!()!&5$!/')$2!(:!012')$22E!<=!
4$3.-&7$)&2!./2(!)$$4!&(!$F.7')$!&5$'-!3(/'%'$2!.)4!3$-%$3&'()2!&(!$)21-$!&5.&!&5$>!.-$!)(&!
(,$-$735.2'G');!&5$'-!3-$:$-$)%$2!.&!&5$!$F3$)2$!(:!012')$22!(1&%(7$28!
!
!"#$%"&'&()*!"#$&++*
*
H',$)!&5$!4.&.!()!&5$!%1--$)&!2&.&$!(:!%/(14!.33/'%.&'()2?!'&!'2!)(&!21-3-'2');!&5.&!&5$!<=!&$.7!5.2!0$$)!
-$23()2'0/$!:(-!&5$!7.A(-'&>!(:!3-(%1-$7$)&!13!&(!&5'2!3(')&8!912')$22!2&.::!5.,$!%$-&.')/>!5.4!.!5.)4!')!
3-(%1-$7$)&?!01&!:(-!$,$->!.33/'%.&'()!%.&$;(->!$F%$3&!3.>-(//?!<=!2&.::!5.,$!0$$)!7(-$!/'I$/>!&(!3-(%1-$!
&5$!%/(14!2(/1&'()8!
!
!"#$%&'(&)*%"#$%%&+,'-*,"#.&/0'*1&2'0*3'#%&
!"#$%#&'&"()$*)!+)+&,') !"8<6&"(@)I&J9<5<"D)!+)+&,')
3445$#&6) ?$"@9%(&6)B<(G$9()
! ?%$96)@$%9A$")"$()B$5C<"D),@)&E4&8(&6)
75$895&'&"() K",%),445$#,%)
)
! ?%$96)@$%9A$")"&&6&6)($)F&)<"(&D5,(&6)B<(G)
-./) 01/) $(G&5)F9@<"&@@)@;@(&'@)
)
! ?%$96)@$%9A$")B&"()6$B"=B,@)"$(),#,<%,F%&)
)
20/)
! H&895<(;)F5&,8G=6,(,)%&,C),@@$8<,(&6)B<(G)
:"%;)<"*$5'&6=)
>$()<"#$%#&6) 8%$96)@$%9A$")
2'*,-$4&/'56789:%&!"#$%&&'()$*"+&#,$-&$.)/'#$./01'2&3$%;*1<&
)=%$4&>?@&AB2B&C,5%&DE$,$&F*%"#$%%&%;=G&6,'-*,$1&-0'*1&%'0*3'#%&
!
!
J,$)!&5(1;5!&5.&!7.>!0$!.&!-'2I!(:!%5.);');!')!&5$!:1&1-$?!&5$-$!.-$!;((4!2';)2!&5.&!%(73.)'$2!5.,$!
2(7$!3-(%$41-$2!')!3/.%$!&(!7'&';.&$!&5$!-'2I!&5.&!<=!'2!%.1;5&!1).6.-$28!<)!7(2&!(:!&5$!')2&.)%$2!65$-$!
&5$!/')$2!(:!012')$22!3-(%1-$4!.!%/(14!2(/1&'()?!&5$!<=!&$.7!.33-(,$4!&5$!2(/1&'()!(-!6.2!.&!/$.2&!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! +!

23. !
%(),-.&$/0!12',!3'4$,!&2$!(55(6&-)'&7!8(6!91!,&:88!&(!6$4'$;!&2$!,(.-&'()!<$')3!56(5(,$/0!9)!=:)7!%:,$,>!
&2$6$!=:7!<$!)(&2')3!&2:&!56$4$)&,!&2$!<-,')$,,!&$:=!86(=!=(4')3!8(6;:6/0!98!:!56(<.$=!',!8(-)/>!&2$!
91!&$:=!',!:;:6$!(8!&2$!<-,')$,,!&$:=?,!)$$/!:)/!%:)!;(6@!;'&2!&2$=!&(!8')/!:)!:.&$6):&'4$0!!
!
A:4')3!&2$!91!&$:=!')4(.4$/!;'..!:&!&2$!4$67!.$:,&!@$$5!&2$=!')8(6=$/!:<(-&!&2$!,(.-&'(),!5$(5.$!:6$!
-,')30!12',!3'4$,!&2$=!:!2$:/!,&:6&!;2$)!:)!',,-$!(%%-6,!:)/!@$$5,!&2$=!86(=!,5$)/')3!&'=$!
-)/$6,&:)/')3!&2$!<:,'%!/$&:'.,!(8!&2$!,(.-&'()!<$8(6$!&2$7!%:)!<$3')!&(!8'3-6$!(-&!;2:&!;$)&!;6()30!
B$,5()/$)&,!')!&2$!,-64$7!;2(!2:/!)(&!')4(.4$/!&2$!91!&$:=!')!56(%-6$=$)&!8(-)/!&2:&!,$4$6:.!&75$,!(8!
')%'/$)&,!$4$)&-:..7!/6(4$!:!)$$/!8(6!91!$C5$6&',$0!!
!
!""#$%&'(%')*"'+%',+-.'
'
D:.%-.:&')3!6$&-6)!()!')4$,&=$)&!',!:!,&:)/:6/!5:6&!(8!=:)7!56(%-6$=$)&!56(%$,,$,0!E:6.7!:/(5&$6,!=:7!
5.:%$!.$,,!'=5(6&:)%$!()!BF9!8(6!)$;!&$%2)(.(3'$,!,')%$!&2$7!5$6%$'4$!&2:&!&2$6$!',!')&6'),'%!<$)$8'&!')!
,&:7')3!:2$:/!(8!&2$!%-64$!:)/!/',%(4$6')3!2(;!)$;!&$%2)(.(37!%:)!<$!<$)$8'%':.0!G,!:!56(/-%&!(6!
,&6:&$37!=:&-6$,>!&2(-32>!&2$6$!',!:)!$C5$%&:&'()!&2:&!')4$,&=$)&!')!&'=$!(6!=()$7!;'..!7'$./!:)!
'=56(4$=$)&!&(!&2$!<(&&(=!.')$0!
!
!"#$"%&'()*+,($-'#'-)$,)
).,"&/($()+0)*&+1-)2,3'(45',4
)
704$.$ -5601$ -./01$
2.3401$ 2.3401$ 2.3401$
?3'#"&&);+(4) &#$ !+#$ )'#$
>1,;=+,)",-)0'"41#'() &#$ *&#$ &+#$
*#$=;"&),"41#')+0)(+&1=+,) &#$ ((#$ &!#$
.%$&4/)4+);1(4+5$<') &#$ ()#$ ')#$
94"8)"%$&$4/)4+)$5:&'5',4) %#$ (%#$ ',#$
6#"$,$,7),''-()0+#)(4"8) !"#$ '(#$ ()#$
9+1#;'@)*+5:62.A()!"#$%&&'()$*"+&#,$-&$.)/'#$./01'2&3$(41-/)
B"('@)CDE)FG9G)26)+#)B1($,'(()'H';1=3'()I"J")',-)1('#(K)1($,7);&+1-)(+&1=+,()
!
!
G,!#$%&'()!H!/$,%6'<$/>!I%(,&!,:4')3,J!',!,&'..!3$)$6:..7!&2$!&(5!<$)$8'&!8(-)/!<7!%(=5:)'$,!;2(!2:4$!
=:/$!:!%.(-/!&6:),'&'()>!$4$)!&2(-32!,5$%'8'%!:55.'%:&'(),!=:7!)(&!2:4$!:!%(,&!<$)$8'&!<-&!6:&2$6!2:4$!
<$)$8'&,!')!:3'.'&7!(6!,%:.:<'.'&70!G,!$C5$%&$/>!&2$)>!%(,&!',!&2$!=:')!4:6':<.$!%(),'/$6$/!;2$)!:):.7K')3!
:)!')4$,&=$)&!')!:!%.(-/!,(.-&'()0!!
!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! +!

24. !
,)-.!/*0!(1!%(234)'$5!6'&7!%-(89!5(-8&'()5!8&'-':$!1;$$!433-'%4&'()5!')!&7$!%-(89<!&7$!;$24')9$;!4;$!
$'&7$;!34.')=!2()&7-.!>'--5!(;!34.')=!()!9$24)9!1(;!&7$';!854=$?!@7'5!2()$.!%(2$5!1;(2!4!A4;'$&.!(1!
5(8;%$5?!B'1&.C5'D!3$;%$)&!(1!%(234)'$5!4;$!34.')=!1(;!%-(89!5(-8&'()5!&7;(8=7!&7$!E@!9$34;&2$)&F5!
>89=$&G!4)9!4)(&7$;!HI0!4;$!53$%'4--.!;$J8$5&')=!18)95!1(;!4!%-(89!&;4)5'&'()?!K99')=!6$'=7&!&(!&7$!
4;=82$)&!&74&!%-(89!5(-8&'()5!4;$!>$')=!3;(%8;$9!(8&5'9$!&7$!E@!9$34;&2$)&G!LI0!(1!%(234)'$5!4;$!
34.')=!1(;!%-(89!5(-8&'()5!&7;(8=7!-')$!(1!>85')$55!>89=$&5?!MN,@O"!3$;%$)&4=$5!499!&(!=;$4&$;!&74)!
/PP0!5')%$!%(234)'$5!24.!>$!34.')=!1(;!28-&'3-$!%-(89!5(-8&'()5!')!9'11$;$)&!64.5Q?!
!
E&!'5!)(&!58;3;'5')=!&(!1')9!&74&!
53$%'4--.!;$J8$5&$9!18)95!;$J8';$! !"#$%#$&'()*+$,'-+./'0#/"'-1+2,'3+12/#+$.'
5(2$!42(8)&!(1!$D3-4)4&'()!()!
R,E?!B'1&.C&7;$$!3$;%$)&!(1! K2()=!;$53()9$)&5!67(!9'9!)(&!&;4%T!%(5&5!1(;!4!%-(89!5(-8&'()G!
%(234)'$5!67(!74A$!85$9!&7'5! 433;(D'24&$-.!()$!J84;&$;!54'9!&7$!;$45()!1(;!)(&!&;4%T')=!645!
>89=$&')=!&4%&'%!54'9!&74&!4!7'=7! &74&!%(5&!645!)(&!4!24U(;!14%&(;!')!&7$!(;'=')4-!9$%'5'()?!K5!
-$A$-!(1!9$&4'-!'5!)$$9$9G!4)9!LS0! 5(-8&'()!3;(A'9$;5!6(;T!6'&7!%85&(2$;5!%()5'9$;')=!%-(89!
54'9!&74&!4!2(9$;4&$!-$A$-!(1! &;4)5'&'()5G!'&!'5!'23(;&4)&!&(!7'=7-'=7&!28-&'3-$!%-(89!>$)$1'&5?!
9$&4'-!'5!)$$9$9G!6'&7!)(! @7'5!6'--!7$-3!4--$A'4&$!4).!)$=4&'A$!1$$-')=5!&74&!24.!4;'5$!'1!4!
%(234)'$5!;$3(;&')=!&74&!4!-(6! 3;'%')=!4)4-.5'5!;$A$4-5!4!%-(89!5(-8&'()!&(!>$!%(5&C)$8&;4-!(;!
-$A$-!(1!9$&4'-!'5!5811'%'$)&?!E&!'5! $A$)!2(;$!%(5&-.?!
-'T$-.!&74&!%-(89!5(-8&'()5!
• 345156#1#/*7!@7$!()C9$24)9!)4&8;$!(1!%-(89!2$4)5!&74&!'&!
3;(%8;$9!6'&7!5&4)94;9!(3$;4&')=!
%4)!>$!85$9!&(!74)9-$!6(;T-(49!53'T$5!(;!8)$D3$%&$9!
>89=$&5!1(--(6!5'2'-4;!
=;(6&7!6'&7(8&!'22$9'4&$!')A$5&2$)&!')!%43'&4-?!
3;(%$98;$5?!!
• 8)0'45956#1#/*7!@7'5!>$)$1'&!'5!>$')=!1(8)9!2(;$!(1&$)!
!
45!%(234)'$5!2(A$!1;(2!%-(89!$D3$;'2$)&4&'()!&(!
B')4--.G!()%$!4!%-(89!5(-8&'()!'5!')!
9$$3$;!85$G!(3$)')=!9((;5!&(!)$6!(33(;&8)'&'$5!&7;(8=7!
3-4%$G!&7$;$!'5!&7$!24&&$;!(1!
85$!(1!4!2(;$!1-$D'>-$!')1;45&;8%&8;$?!
&;4%T')=!%(5&5!&(!5$$!'1!(;'=')4-!
• :+,);$#<5/#+$7!O53$%'4--.!1(;!%(234)'$5!67(!4;$!
$5&'24&$5!6$;$!4%%8;4&$!4)9!'1!
%()5'9$;')=!;$3-4%')=!-$=4%.!')1;45&;8%&8;$G!%-(89!
&7$!')A$5&2$)&!'5!34.')=!(11?!,)-.!
(3&'()5!4;$!&.3'%4--.!A$;.!%-(5$!&(!5&4&$C(1C&7$!4;&G!$A$)!'1!
I0!(1!%(234)'$5!54.!&7$.!4;$!)(&!
'&!2$4)5!>$')=!-(%T$9!')!&(!3;(A'9$;!83=;49$5?!
&;4%T')=!%(5&5!%-(5$-.!$)(8=7!&(!
24T$!&7'5!455$552$)&G!>8&!()$!
&7';9!(1!&7(5$!%(234)'$5!;$3(;&!&74&!&7$!24')!;$45()!1(;!)(&!&;4%T')=!%(5&5!'5!&74&!&7$!1')4)%'4-!5.5&$25!
4;$!)(&!5$&!83!&(!9(!5(?!@7'5!;$3;$5$)&5!4)(&7$;!(33(;&8)'&.!1(;!5$;A'%$!3;(A'9$;5!&(!499!A4-8$?!!
!
,1!&7$!;$24')')=!%(234)'$5G!&7$!A45&!24U(;'&.!MSV0Q!745!1(8)9!&74&!%(5&!54A')=5!74A$!>$$)!()!34;!6'&7!
(;'=')4-!$5&'24&$5!(;!$A$)!$D%$$9$9!(;'=')4-!$5&'24&$5?!W(6$A$;G!&7'5!24.!%74)=$!(A$;!&'2$?!@7$!
)82>$;!(1!1';25!&74&!74A$!1(8)9!%(5&!54A')=5!&(!>$!-(6$;!&74)!(;'=')4-!$5&'24&$5!5&$49'-.!=;(65!1;(2!
.$4;!&6(!(1!%-(89!49(3&'()!4)9!>$.()9?!X74))$-!1';25!4-5(!1')9!&74&!7'99$)!%(5&5!499!83!(A$;!&'2$G!
$A$)!&7(8=7!&7$!')'&'4-!$)&;.!')&(!&7$!24;T$&!'5!)(&!%(5&!3;(7'>'&'A$?!!
!
K5!(;=4)':4&'()5!=4')!2(;$!$D3$;'$)%$!6'&7!%-(89!5(-8&'()5G!&7$.!24.!>$!1')9')=!&74&!831;()&!54A')=5!=$&!
$;(9$9!45!'558$5!&4T$!3-4%$!6'&7!$D&$)9$9!85$?!E)!5'&84&'()5!67$;$!4!>85')$55!85$;!3;(%8;$9!4!%-(89!
5(-8&'()G!34;&!(1!&7'5!54A')=5!$;(5'()!24.!>$!98$!&(!)(&!3;(3$;-.!$5&'24&')=!&7$!&;8$!%(5&!(1!&7$!5(-8&'()?!
E)!499'&'()G!&7(5$!%(234)'$5!')!&7$!58;A$.!67(!74A$!>$$)!85')=!%-(89!1(;!-$55!&74)!()$!.$4;!6$;$!
5(2$674&!-'T$-.!&(!74A$!1(8)9!&74&!%(5&!54A')=5!4;$!-(6$;!&74)!3;$9'%&$9?!@7$5$!%(234)'$5!24.!>$!
4&&$23&')=!2(;$!49A4)%$9!85$5!(1!%-(89!5')%$!&7$.!4;$!-4&$;!49(3&$;5G!>8&!&7$.!4;$!)(&!')%-89')=!4--!&7$!
3;(3$;!A4;'4>-$5!')!&7$!%(5&!4)4-.5'5?!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! +!

25. !
!
#(,-&'()!./(0'1$/2!3(/4')5!3'&6!%-2&(7$/2!&(!'7.,$7$)&!%,(-1!2(,-&'()2!8)1!./$1'%&!%(2&2!26(-,1!9$!
838/$!(:!&3(!'&$72;!<'/2&=!%(7.8)'$2!78>!680$!:(-)1!%(2&!280')52!&(!9$!()!.8/!3'&6!(/'5')8,!$2&'78&$2!
$0$)!':!&6(2$!280')52!8/$!)(&!2-92&8)&'8,;!?&!'2!'7.(/&8)&!&(!/$7$79$/!&68)!2(7$!%,(-1!2(,-&'()2!78>!
9/')5!'7.(/&8)&!9$)$:'&2!9-&!)(&!)$%$228/',>!280$!7()$>;!#$%()1,>=!7(/$!%(7.,$@!-2$2!(:!%,(-1!3',,!,$81!
&(!7(/$!%(7.,$@!%8,%-,8&'()2!:(/!AB?;!#(,-&'()!./(0'1$/2!26(-,1!%8/$:-,,>!%()2'1$/!8,,!82.$%&2!(:!8!%,(-1!
2(,-&'()=!')%,-1')5!&6$2$!:8%&(/2!&68&!3$/$!$@.$/'$)%$1!9>!2-/0$>!/$2.()1$)&2!$@.$/'$)%')5!,(3$/!%(2&!
280')52"!
• C%&-8,!%,(-1!-285$!9$')5!5/$8&$/!&68)!(/'5')8,!$2&'78&$!
• A$D-'/$1!-.5/81$2!&(!)$&3(/4!'):/82&/-%&-/$!
• C11'&'()8,!&/8')')5!:(/!2&8::!
• E).,8))$1!-2$!(:!&6'/1!.8/&>!&(!822'2&!3'&6!&/8)2'&'()!
• C11')5!8!2$%()1!%,(-1!./(0'1$/!&(!'7./(0$!/$,'89','&>!
!
A$7$79$/')5!&6$2$!&3(!&6')52=!2(,-&'()!./(0'1$/2!%8)!%6((2$!8!./(.$/!./'%')5!2%6$7$!:(/!&6$'/!%,'$)&2;!
F8)>!%,(-1!2(,-&'()2!78>!3(/4!3$,,!3'&6!&6$!./'%')5!(.&'()2!(::$/$1!9>!8!%,(-1!0$)1(/=!9-&!%$/&8')!
8%&'0'&'$2G2-%6!82!2(:&38/$!1$0$,(.7$)&G78>!/$D-'/$!7(/$!%8/$:-,!822$227$)&;!B.&'()2!&68&!(),>!
(::$/!1$2'/$1!:$8&-/$2!8&!./$7'-7!./'%$2!(/!&68&!:(/%$!5-$223(/4!()!&6$!87(-)&!(:!-285$!78>!%8-2$!
%(2&2!&(!24>/(%4$&=!2(!%(2&!$2&'78&'()2!26(-,1!9$!2-/$!&(!%,(2$,>!78&%6!&6$!)$$12!(:!&6$!8..,'%8&'()!3'&6!
&6$!2$/0'%$!9$')5!./(0'1$1;!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! +!

26. TRENDS IN CLOUD COMPUTING
S E C T I O N 4 : C H A N G E S TO I T D E PA R T M E N T S A N D P R O C E D U R E S
RESEARCH
T H I R D A N N U A L • J U LY 2 0 1 2
www.comptia.org

27. !
!"#$%&'()*!
!
• ,-(./!%(01.&')2!'3!4!/'35.1&'6$!7(5%$!')!&8$!9:!')/.3&5;<!7(5%')2!04);!%(014)'$3!&(!5$=$64-.4&$!
&8$!5(-$!4)/!7.)%&'()3!(7!9:>!?4);!%(014)'$3<!$31$%'4--;!0$/'.0=3'@$/!4)/!-452$!7'503<!45$!
.)/$5&4A')2!9:=5$-4&$/!%84)2$3!43!&8$;!.&'-'@$!%-(./!3(-.&'()3>!!:8'3!%(.-/!B$!%84)2$3!&(!1(-'%;!
4)/!15(%$/.5$<!5$3&5.%&.5')2!(7!&8$!9:!/$145&0$)&<!(5!.3$!(7!4)!(.&3'/$!%(014);>!
!
• ,84)2$3!&(!1(-'%;!4)/!15(%$/.5$!%4)!$'&8$5!B$!')&$5)4-!&(!4)!9:!/$145&0$)&!(5!B5(4/!%(51(54&$!
%84)2$3>!C3!0(5$!-')$3!(7!B.3')$33!4&&$01&!&(!15(%.5$!4)/!04')&4')!&8$'5!(D)!%-(./!3(-.&'()3<!
1(-'%'$3!5$245/')2!3$%.5'&;<!.3$!(7!%(014);!/4&4<!4)/!0(B'-$!/$6'%$3!4--!)$$/!&(!B$!B.'-&!(5!
4//5$33$/>!!
!
• :8$!9:!/$145&0$)&!'3!()!&8$!$/2$!(7!04E(5!&54)37(504&'()>!F8'-$!&8'3!04;!3&45&!D'&8!3'01-;!
1.5%843')2!)$D!&((-3!7(5!0()'&(5')2!%-(./!$)6'5()0$)&3<!.-&'04&$-;!&8$!)$D!5(-$3!&84&!45$!
B$')2!%5$4&$/!45$!-$4/')2!&(!4!)$D!7.)%&'()<!D8$5$!&8$!9:!&$40!'3!0(5$!&'28&-;!')&$254&$/!D'&8!
-')$3!(7!B.3')$33!4)/!.)/$53&4)/3!B.3')$33!3&54&$2;!43!4!15'045;!(BE$%&'6$<!&8$)!.3$3!&$%8)(-(2;!
&(!4%8'$6$!&84&!(BE$%&'6$>!
!
• ,.55$)&-;<!()-;!G!')!H!%(014)'$3!846$!%()&54%&$/!D'&8!4)!(.&3'/$!7'50!7(5!%-(./!&54)3'&'()3>!
I(D$6$5<!&8'3!04;!%84)2$!43!0(5$!0'%5(!4)/!304--!B.3')$33$3!$J1-(5$!0(5$!%(01-$J!.3$3!(7!
%-(./>!:8$!/4&4!38(D3!&84&!&8$3$!7'503!846$!.3$/!(.&3'/$!%(014)'$3!-$33!&84)!0$/'.0=3'@$/!
4)/!-452$!B.3')$33$3<!B.&!&8$;!D'--!846$!4!)$$/!7(5!0(5$!$J1$5&'3$!43!&8$'5!.342$!')%5$43$3>!
!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! +!

28. !
!"#$%&'()$*')"&+$,-./"$!"#$0"12/.'-$$
$
,-(./!%(01.&')2!'3!4!/'35.1&'6$!7(5%$!')!89!7(5!3$6$54-!5$43()3:!;4&4!'3!)(<!=$')2!&54)30'&&$/!(77!
15$0'3$!4)/!5$3'/')2!')!4)(&>$5!%(014)?@3!-(%4&'()A!3(!3$%.5'&?!4)/!2(6$5)4)%$!0.3&!=$!%()3'/$5$/:!
B4)?!%-(./!3(-.&'()3!>46$!1$5C.342$!14?0$)&!(1&'()3A!3(!='--')2!4)/!7')4)%'4-!&54%D')2!0.3&!=$!
5$%()3'/$5$/:!9>$!4='-'&?!&(!15(%.5$!4)/!.3$!%-(./!3(-.&'()3!$E&$)/3!=$?()/!&>$!89!/$145&0$)&A!3(!)$<!
4115(64-!15(%$33$3!4)/!%()&5(-3!0.3&!=$!1.&!')!1-4%$:!
!
F(5!3(0$!.3$3A!%-(./!%(01.&')2!04?!15$3$)&!()-?!4!3-'2>&!%>4)2$!&(!&>$!(1$54&'()3!(7!4)!89!&$40:!F(5!
(&>$53A!&>$!%>4)2$!%4)!=$!0.%>!-452$5A!'014%&')2!)(&!()-?!&>$!=$>46'(5!(7!&>$!89!&$40!=.&!4-3(!&>$!
=.3')$33!15(%$33$3!(7!4)!$)&'5$!%(014)?:!9>'3!'3!&>$!5$43()!7(5!&>$!0(0$)&.0!=$>')/!>46')2!89!
=$%(0$!0(5$!(7!4!145&)$5!&(!&>$!-')$3!(7!=.3')$33!&>4)!4!3.11-'$5:!9>$!4='-'&?!&(!.3$!&$%>)(-(2?!&>5(.2>!
&>$!%-(./!%4)!3&5$40-')$!&>$!<4?!89!'3!15(6'/$/A!=.&!'&!%4)!4-3(!3&5$40-')$!4!=.3')$33:!G?!%(0=')')2!
&>(5(.2>!&$%>)'%4-!D)(<-$/2$!<'&>!(1$54&'()4-!15(%$/.5$!4)/!3&54&$2'%!(=H$%&'6$3A!89!%4)!=$!4!04H(5!
1-4?$5!')!0(6')2!4!=.3')$33!7(5<45/:!
!
!"#$%&'(%)*+,'-.%/*0123%-*45*+&67)*
+,'-.%)*%L2/M-.*!"*G6&2B5IG16B%)71%* @A:*
H%F*G6&2B5IG16B%)71%*D61*B&67)*7/%* @@:*
K)'G(%)*C6-2(612-.IC'-'.%C%-(*(66&/* ??:*
H%F*G6&2B2%/*D61*!"*)%B2/26-#C'J2-.** =>:*
$%/(17B(71%)*!"*)%G'1(C%-(* ==:*
H%F*C6-2(612-.I*C'-'.%C%-(*(66&/* 8<:*
+6-(1'B(%)*F2(,*67(/2)%*B6CG'-5** 8;:*
$%)7B%)*-7C4%1*6D*!"*/('E* 89:*
N671B%O*+6CG"!KP/*!"#$%&&'()$*"+&#,$-&$.)/'#$./01'2&3$/(7)5*
Q'/%O*?;@*RSNS*!"*61*Q7/2-%//*%L%B7M3%/*T'J'*%-)*7/%1/U*7/2-.*B&67)*/6&7M6-/*
!
!
9>4&!&54)37(504&'()!/($3!)(&!%(0$!75(0!4!=.3')$33!3'01-?!411-?')2!&>$!%.55$)&!D)(<-$/2$!4)/!3D'--3!(7!
4)!89!/$145&0$)&!&(!&>$!&43D!4&!>4)/:!9>$!89!/$145&0$)&!'&3$-7!3>(.-/!=$!%45$7.--?!$E40')$/!&(!
/$&$50')$!>(<!<$--!'&!'3!$I.'11$/!&(!.)/$53&4)/!4)/!.&'-'J$!%-(./!&$%>)(-(2?:!8)!4//'&'()A!
(524)'J4&'()4-!1(-'%'$3!4)/!15(%$/.5$3!04?!>46$!&(!=$!0(/'7'$/!(5!%5$4&$/!&(!/$7')$!&>$!15(1$5!
')&$54%&'()!<'&>!%-(./!15(6'/$53!(5!&>$!89!&$40:!!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! +!

29. !
+,'-!'-!$-.$%'/001!&23$!4(2!-5/00$2!63-')$--$-7!89$2!,/04!:;<=>!(4!5'%2(!4'25-!:?@A!$5.0(1$$->!-/'B!&,/&!
&,$1!,/B!)(&!3)B$2&/C$)!/)1!(.$2/&'()/0!%,/)D$-!/-!&,$1!/B(.&$B!%0(3B!-(03&'()-E!/)B!?;=!(4!-5/00!
63-')$--$-!:?F@AA!$5.0(1$$->!2$.(2&$B!&,$!-/5$7!G/2D$!/)B!5$B'35!-'H$B!%(5./)'$-!/2$!4/2!5(2$!
0'C$01!&(!,/9$!$I/5')$B!&,$'2!.(0'%'$-!(2!5/B$!%,/)D$-E!/)B!-5/00$2!4'25-!J'00!)$$B!&(!4(00(J!-3'&!/-!&,$1!
$I.$%&!&(!C$$.!3.!J'&,!&,$!./%$!(4!)$J!&$%,)(0(D1!/)B!&,$!J/1!'&!'-!%,/)D')D!63-')$--7!
!
+,$2$!'-!/)!3)4(2&3)/&$!-'B$!&(!B'-23.&'()!/)B!-&2$/50')')D7!K0(3B!%(5.3&')D!,/-!%/3-$B!-(5$!/5(3)&!
(4!&2$.'B/&'()!/5()D!L+!-&/44!&,/)C-!&(!&,$!.(--'6'0'&1!(4!(3&-(32%')D!%(5.3&$!2$-(32%$!:/)B!&,$!
-36-$M3$)&!5/')&$)/)%$>7!8)$!')!4'9$!%(5./)'$-!2$.(2&-!2$B3%')D!&,$!)356$2!(4!L+!-&/44E!-,(J')D!&,/&!
&,'-!5/1!6$!/!0(D'%/0!-&$.!4(2!-(5$!63-')$--$-7!N(J$9$2E!'&!-,(30B!6$!)(&$B!&,/&!&,'-!'-!/&!&,$!6(&&(5!(4!
&,$!0'-&!(4!%,/)D$-!/!%(5./)1!5/1!,/9$!3)B$2&/C$)E!O3-&!/-!'&!'-!/&!&,$!6(&&(5!(4!&,$!0'-&!(4!6$)$4'&-!
0'-&$B!61!%0(3B!3-$2-7!P-!B$-%2'6$B!')!#$%&'()!?E!&,$!(9$2/00!5/2C$&!4(2!%0(3B!O(6-!5/1!6$!D2(J')DE!$9$)!'4!
')B'9'B3/0!%(5./)'$-!5/C$!-(5$!2$B3%&'()-7!Q9$)!/&!&,$!%(5./)1!0$9$0E!&,(3D,E!.2(/%&'9$!L+!J(2C$2-!
%/)!D$&!')9(09$B!')!&,$!9/2'$&1!(4!(&,$2!/%&'()-!&,$'2!63-')$--!5/1!6$!&/C')D!&(!6$&&$2!3&'0'H$!%0(3B!
2$-(32%$-7!
!
!"#$%$&'()*+(!,"%&+-,&'((
(
K,/)D$-!&(!(.$2/&'()/0!
.2(%$B32$!/2$!&,$!5(-&! !"#$%$&'()*+(!,"%&+-,&'($*()(.#"-+(/*0$,"*1&*2(
%(55()!/%&'()!&/C$)!61!
%(5./)'$-!J,(!,/9$!5(9$B! !"#"$%&'%()'&*+",")-% F*"@?%FAA*"??"A%C<%=&$7+<%
')&(!/!%0(3B!$)9'2()5$)&7!
R,$&,$2!'&!'-!2$B$4')')D!-&$.-! ! :"+;*7-<%
&,/&!&,$!L+!&$/5!53-&!&/C$!/-! G&A"*@-"% %
&,$1!/B5')'-&$2!L+!-(03&'()-! ! =*&>"*%?-&*@8"%&'%+&,>@)<%A@-@%
(2!63'0B')D!)$J!.2(%$--$-!4(2! 120% %
5/C')D!B$%'-'()-!()!
! B?"%&'%,&C7$"%A"#7+"?%
&$%,)(0(D1E!/%&'()-!2$0/&$B!
./0% %
&(!.(0'%1!/)B!.2(%$B32$!
! :;>>&*-%'&*%+$&;A%?"*#7+"?%
(%%3.1!&,2$$!(4!&,$!&(.!4(32! !&5% 340%
-.(&-!()!&,$!0'-&!(4!%,/)D$-!
B2'9$)!61!%0(3B!%(5.3&')D7!! 6789% ! D&,>$7@)+"%57-9%*"8;$@E&)?%
!
R'&,')!/)!L+!B$./2&5$)&E! 3"-,%&4(."156789'(! $%&&'()$*"+&#,$-&$.)/'#$./01'2&3$'2-+:(
"#
;)'&4(<=>(?@3@(A,1'(2B)2(%B)*C&+(5"#$%:D5,"%&+-,&(E",(%#"-+(-')C&(
5/')&/')')D!%0(3B!-1-&$5-!
5/1!6$!9$21!-'5'0/2!&(!
5/')&/')')D!-1-&$5-!')!/!9'2&3/0'H$B!B/&/!%$)&$27!+,$!%,/)D$-!2$M3'2$B!&(!.2$9'(3-01!$-&/60'-,$B!.(0'%'$-!
5/1!6$!5')'5/0!/)B!5/1!/BB2$--!/2$/-!-3%,!/-!-$%32'&1!/)B!2$0'/6'0'&17!L4!/!%(5./)1!'-!5(9')D!')&(!/!
%0(3B!$)9'2()5$)&!/-!/!J/1!&(!/%%$--!2$-(32%$-!&,/&!J$2$!.2$9'(3-01!)(&!')!3-$E!&,$-$!.(0'%'$-!J'00!)$$B!
&(!6$!63'0&!42(5!&,$!D2(3)B!3.7!
!
S(0'%'$-!&,/&!/2$!62(/B$2!')!)/&32$!/)B!/..01!&(!&,$!$)&'2$!%(5./)1!5/1!6$!0$--!42$M3$)&!')!)/&32$!63&!
/2$!/0-(!J,$2$!5(2$!)$J!D2(3)B!'-!0'C$01!6$')D!62(C$)7!P-!0')$-!(4!63-')$--!D/')!5(2$!3)B$2-&/)B')D!(4!
%0(3B!-(03&'()-!/)B!&,$!.(&$)&'/0!6$)$4'&-E!&,$2$!'-!/)!')%2$/-$B!%,/)%$!&,/&!&,$1!J'00!3-$!&,$'2!(J)!
63BD$&!4(2!.2(%32$5$)&7!+,$!')&$)&!5/1!)(&!6$!5/0'%'(3-E!63&!&,$!2$-30&!%/)!6$!B$&2'5$)&/0!'4!&,$1!.3&!
%(5./)1!B/&/!/&!2'-C!(2!%/3-$!/!J(2C!-&(../D$!J,$)!&,$!-(03&'()!D($-!B(J)7!!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! *!

30. !
!
,-'./')0!1(.'%'$2!&34&!4//5$22!&3$2$!'22-$2!6'..!7$!4!%5(228/$145&9$)&4.!$::(5&;!7-&!23(-./!')<(.<$!
2'0)':'%4)&!')1-&!:5(9!&3$!=>!&$49?!>3$!=>!&$49!9-2&!.$45)!3(6!&(!9$$&!&3$!)$$/2!(:!&3$!7-2')$22!6'&3!
9')'94.!/$.4@;!4)/!&3$@!4.2(!9-2&!15(1$5.@!-)/$52&4)/!4)/!%()<$@!&3$!)$$/!&(!94')&4')!4!%(914)@A2!
5'2B!1(2&-5$?!>3$!7$2&!1(.'%'$2!6'..!5$15$2$)&!4)!405$$9$)&!4&!4..!.$<$.2!(:!&3$!%(914)@!()!3(6!%.(-/!
5$2(-5%$2!6'..!7$!15(%-5$/!4)/!-2$/?!>3'2!6'..!)(&!)$%$2245'.@!9$4)!&34&!4..!'):(594&'()!:.(62!&35(-03!
&3$!=>!&$49!:(5!4115(<4.;!7-&!&3$!=>!&$49!23(-./!7$!%(9:(5&47.$!6'&3!&3$'5!.$<$.!(:!4645$)$22!4)/!
5$21()2'7'.'&@!')!&3$!15(%$22?!
!
C(.'%'$2!45$!().@!$::$%&'<$!':!&3$@!45$!$):(5%$47.$?!D3'.$!&3$5$!'2!%$5&4').@!5((9!:(5!'915(<$9$)&!')!&3'2!
45$4;!&3$!94E(5'&@!(:!2-5<$@!5$21()/$)&2!5$1(5&!9(/$54&$!(5!3'03!.$<$.2!(:!$):(5%$9$)&?!>3'2!%4)!&4B$!
1.4%$!&35(-03!2&5-%&-5')0!&3$!4115(<4.!15(%$22!:(5!%.(-/!5$2(-5%$2!&(!%(9$!&35(-03!=>;!1$5:(59')0!
1$5'(/'%!5$<'$62!&(!$)2-5$!%(91.'4)%$;!(5!-2')0!9()'&(5')0!&((.2!&(!&54%B!=>!4%&'<'&@!4%5(22!&3$!%(914)@?!
!
!"#$%"&'(!)(*$+&%#,$"#(-.&"/$0(
(
F2'/$!:5(9!1(.'%'$2!4)/!15(%$/-5$2!&34&!0$&!%5$4&$/!(5!4.&$5$/!6'&3')!4)!=>!/$145&9$)&;!(&3$5!%34)0$2!
94@!&4B$!1.4%$!&34&!4..(6!=>!&(!7$!7$&&$5!$G-'11$/!&(!/$4.!6'&3!4!%.(-/!$)<'5()9$)&?!>3$2$!%34)0$2!
94@!7$!1$5'13$54.!&(!&3$!21$%':'%!%.(-/!2(.-&'()2!7$')0!1-&!')!1.4%$;!7-&!&3$@!2&'..!34<$!4)!$::$%&!()!&3$!
(<$54..!'91.$9$)&4&'()!%(2&?!H(914)'$2!1-52-')0!%.(-/!15(E$%&2!23(-./!%()2'/$5!&3$2$!4%&'()2!&34&!
%(-./!&4B$!1.4%$?!
!
!""#$%&'()*&+$,&&-&-$."*$/#")-$
E&*."*='89&$="8B("*B8F$ 752$
>)??"*($C"(D$9#")-$'8-$"8@?*&=B+&$$ 512$
/'?'CB#B:&+$."*$+&9)*B(<$')-B(+$ 642$
/'?'CB#B:&+$."*$')("=':"8$$ 352$
>)??"*($."*$=)#:@9#")-$&8AB*"8=&8(+$ 342$
/"88&9:"8$("$;8'89&$+<+(&=$ 012$
>")*9&G$/"=?!HIJ+$!"#$%&&'()$*"+&#,$-&$.)/'#$./01'2&3$+()-<$
K'+&G$436$LM>M$H!$"*$K)+B8&++$&N&9):A&+$O'P'$&8-$)+&*+Q$RD"$D'A&$='-&$(""#$9D'8F&+$."*$9#")-$
!
!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! +!

31. !
,-$!.'/0&!1/$1!&(!%()0'2$/!'0!&-$!)$$2!.(/!)$3!(/!'45/(6$2!&((70!&(!%()&/(7!(/!4()'&(/!1!%7(82!0(78&'()9!:)!
0(4$!%10$0;!&-'0!41<!=$!1!0'457$!$>&$)0'()9!?(/!$>1457$;!1!0<0&$4!124')'0&/1&(/!41<!80$!0(.&31/$!
5/(6'2$2!=<!-'0!6'/&817'@1&'()!6$)2(/!&(!05')!85!)$3!6'/&817!41%-')$09!:)!1!%7(82!0'&81&'();!&-'0!3'77!7'A$7<!
=$!-1)27$2!&-/(8B-!1!3$=!./()&!$)2;!1)2!&-$/$!41<!=$!7'&&7$!&/1')')B!/$C8'/$2!&(!%/$1&$!)$3!0$/6$/09!
,-$/$!41<!$6$)!=$!B$)$/'%!41%-')$!'41B$0!&-1&!-16$!=$$)!016$2!=<!(&-$/!80$/0!&(!$7'4')1&$!&-$!4(/$!
&$2'(80!0&$50!')6(76$2!')!B$&&')B!1!DE!(/!')0&1)%$!85!1)2!/8))')B9!
!
F&-$/!&((70!3'77!=$!)$3!122'&'()0!&(!&-$!:,!&((7=(>9!,-'/2!51/&<!0(.&31/$!41<!=$!)$$2$2!&-1&!%1)!
5/(6'2$!1!%(45/$-$)0'6$!6'$3!(.!1)!1/%-'&$%&8/$;!177(3')B!124')'0&/1&(/0!&(!0$$!6'&17!').(/41&'()!./(4!
=(&-!%7(82!0<0&$40!1)2!()G5/$4'0$!0<0&$40!')!1!0')B7$!51)$!(.!B71009!,-$/$!41<!=$!1!/$C8'/$4$)&!&(!&'$!
1!%(451)<H0!.')1)%'17!0<0&$4!&(!1!%7(82!5/(6'2$/!&(!2$&$/4')$!801B$!.(/!='77')B!58/5(0$09!,-$0$!1/$!
$>1457$0!(.!&((70!&-1&!%1)!=$!41I(/!5/(I$%&0!()!&-$'/!(3);!2/'6')B!%(0&0!-'B-$/!1)2!)$%$00'&1&')B!1!-$16<!
&'4$!')6$0&4$)&!10!3$779!
!
,-$!(&-$/!5/'41/<!1/$1!&(!%()0'2$/!3'&-')!&-$!:,!2$51/&4$)&!'0!&-$!5$/0())$79!J0!4$)&'()$2!=$.(/$;!
0&1..!/$28%&'()!41<!=$!1)!1.&$/$..$%&!(.!1!%7(82!&/1)0'&'();!=8&!%(451)'$0!-16$!1!B/$1&$/!&$)2$)%<!&(!
/$0&/8%&8/$!&-$!:,!2$51/&4$)&!')!0(4$!31<9!:)!.1%&;!KLM!(.!%(451)'$0!&-1&!-16$!5$/.(/4$2!:,!
/$0&/8%&8/')B!-16$!-'/$2!)$3!3(/A$/0!&(!=(70&$/!:,!$..(/&09!,-'0!41<!=$!$05$%'177<!&/8$!3-$/$!%7(82!
%(458&')B!'0!80$2!&(!122!)$3!%151='7'&'$0!&(!1!=80')$00;!1)2!1!0'@1=7$!(.!14(8)&!(.!$C8'54$)&!/$41')0!
()G5/$4'0$9!
!
J&!1)!(/B1)'@1&'()17!7$6$7;!&-$!4(6$4$)&!&(31/20!&/1)0'&'()')B!&-$!:,!2$51/&4$)&!./(4!08557'$/!&(!
51/&)$/!0$$40!&(!=$!41A')B!B((2!5/(B/$009!N17.!(.!&-$!%(451)'$0!')!&-$!08/6$<!01<!&-1&!&-$!:,!&$14!-10!
=$$)!1=7$!&(!4(6$!131<!./(4!41')&$)1)%$!&10A0!1)2!=$%(4$!')6(76$2!')!4(/$!'))(61&'6$!3(/A9!J)!
$6$)!B/$1&$/!)84=$/!O+PMQ!01<!&-1&!&-$!:,!2$51/&4$)&!-10!=$%(4$!4(/$!')&$B/1&$2!3'&-!(&-$/!7')$0!(.!
=80')$00!&(!8)2$/0&1)2!-(3!&(!4$$&!&-$'/!)$$20!&-/(8B-!%7(82!0(78&'()09!,-$!'457'%1&'()!'0!&-1&!&-$!
&$%-)'%17!A)(37$2B$!-$72!=<!&-$0$!3(/A$/0!'0!0&'77!61781=7$;!1)2!)$3!/(7$0!1/$!=$')B!2$6$7(5$2!&-1&!
/$C8'/$!)$3!0A'7709!
!
:,!0&1..!1/$!&1A')B!1%&'()!&(!=8'72!&-$0$!)$3!0A'7709!,3(! "#$%&!'(!)*+,,&-.',%&!/'0$12+%&!
&-'/20!(.!%(451)'$0!')!&-$!08/6$<!3-(!/$5(/&$2!:,!
2$51/&4$)&!/$0&/8%&8/')B!170(!/$5(/&$2!&-1&!&-$'/!:,!
314%!566%6!7'!8"!9%$1:70%27&!
0&1..!-12!&1A$)!&/1')')B!&(!=8'72!)$3!0A'7709!,-'0! ;<=! #A'770!&(!=8'72!5/'61&$!%7(820!
&/1')')B!41<!(.&$)!=$!')'&'1&$2!=<!&-$!$457(<$$09!
R1&1!./(4!S(45,:JH0!42'2+$/5$26+$7)$48-((,$9'1!0&82<! ;>=! R$51/&4$)&17!7'1'0()0!
0-(30!&-1&!3-'7$!TUM!(.!%(451)'$0!&/1')!(/!/$&/1')!
$>'0&')B!0&1..!&(!=8'72!)$3!0A'770;!T+M!(.!%(451)'$0! ;?=! :)&$B/1&'()!05$%'17'0&0!
-12!)(!.(/417!5/(%$00!.(/!'2$)&'.<')B!:,!0A'770!B1509!J!
;@=! S7(82!1/%-'&$%&!
.10&G4(6')B!.'$72!08%-!10!%7(82!%(458&')B!/$C8'/$0!1!
5/(1%&'6$!155/(1%-;!1)2!$457(<$$0!41<!=$!4(/$! >>=! S(457'1)%$!#5$%'17'0&!
12$5&!1&!8)2$/0&1)2')B!3-'%-!&$%-)'%17!0A'770!&-$<!
)$$2!&(!7$1/)9!,(!41A$!08/$!&-$0$!0A'770!1/$!
%(457$4$)&$2!3'&-!&-$!=80')$00!0A'770!&(!2/'6$!
5/'(/'&'$0;!1!%(451)<!480&!&1A$!1)!1%&'6$!/(7$!')!2$.')')B!&-$!0A'770!)$$2$2!1)2!0855(/&')B!&/1')')B9!
!
!
!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! +!

32. !
!"#$%&$'()"*+#$,%-./0*#"$
$
,&!-'./&0!&1$!-2%&!&12&!()34!567!(-!%(892)'$/!12:$!%()&.2%&$;!<'&1!2!&1'.;!92.&4!-(.!%3(=;!&.2)/'&'()/!
/$$8/!/=.9.'/')>?!@'&1!')&$>.2&'()!2/!2!&(9!%1233$)>$0!()$!8'>1&!$A9$%&!&12&!&1'.;!92.&'$/!<(=3;!12:$!
9324$;!2!32.>$.!.(3$!')!'893$8$)&2&'()?!B)!2;;'&'()0!/8233$.!-'.8/!&12&!=/$!2!82)2>$;!/$.:'%$!9.(:';$.!
-(.!233!&1$'.!BC!)$$;/!824!)(&!D$!2<2.$!(-!&1$!'893$8$)&2&'()!;$&2'3/!D$1');!&1$'.!/(3=&'()?!C1$4!<'33!)(&!
12:$!12;!2!%3(=;!&.2)/'&'()!2/!2)!2%&':$!9.(E$%&!&1$4!2.$!2<2.$!(-0!D=&!D$1');!&1$!/%$)$/!&1$!F#G!824!
12:$!;()$!&1$'.!(<)!&.2)/'&'()0!/(!92.&/!(-!&1$!')-.2/&.=%&=.$!2.$!')!-2%&!%3(=;HD2/$;?!
!
I(<$:$.0!&1'/!824!D$!2!&.$);!&12&!<'33!/1'-&!2/!%3(=;!9$)$&.2&$/!;$$9$.!')&(!&1$!#FJ!/92%$?!,&!5K7!
$2%10!32.>$!%(892)'$/!2);!8$;'=8H/'L$;!%(892)'$/!<$.$!&1$!8(/&!3'M$34!&(!12:$!%()&.2%&$;!<'&1!2)!
(=&/';$!-'.8?!C1$/$!%(892)'$/!12:$!&1$!8(/&!.$/(=.%$/!')&$.)2334!&(!&2%M3$!'//=$/!<'&1!$2.34!2;(9&'()!(-!
%3(=;0!/(!&1$4!12:$!3$//!)$$;!&(!<(.M!<'&1!2)!$A&$.)23!9.(:';$.?!
!
B)!%()&.2/&0!()34!667!(-!8'%.(!-'.8/!2);!6N7!(-!/8233!-'.8/!12:$!<(.M$;!<'&1!2)!(=&/';$!%(892)4?!
C1$/$!2.$!&1$!-'.8/!&12&!<(=3;!12:$!&1$!>.$2&$/&!)$$;!/')%$!&1$4!32%M!')&$.)23!$A9$.&'/$0!D=&!&1$4!2.$!
23/(!&1$!-'.8/!&12&!824!)(&!12:$!$A9$.'8$)&$;!<'&1!%3(=;!/(3=&'()/!D$4();!/'893$!2993'%2&'()/?!,/!
&1$/$!-'.8/!$A93(.$!8(.$!2;:2)%$;!=/$/!(-!%3(=;!%(89=&')>0!&1$!;$82);!-(.!%3(=;!/$.:'%$/!-.(8!
/(3=&'()!9.(:';$./!<'33!.'/$?!
!
C1.$$!82')!-2%&(./!/&((;!(=&!2/!&1$!9.'82.4!.$2/()/!2!%(892)4!%1((/$/!2!92.&'%=32.!-'.8!-(.!2!%3(=;!
9.(E$%&?!O-!%(=./$0!9.'(.!.$32&'()/1'9/!2.$!')!&1'/!3'/&0!$8912/'L')>!&1$!'89(.&2)%$!(-!9.(2%&':$34!<(.M')>!
<'&1!2!%=..$)&!%=/&(8$.!3'/&?!C1$!(&1$.!.$2/()/!2.$!9.(:$)!$A9$.&'/$!<'&1!%3(=;!/(3=&'()/!2);!&1$!2D'3'&4!
&(!')&$>.2&$!%3(=;!/(3=&'()/!<'&1!()H9.$8'/$!/4/&$8/?!I2:')>!2!D.(2;!9(.&-(3'(!(-!%3(=;!9.(E$%&/!(.!/(8$!
<24!(-!9.(:')>!%3(=;!M)(<3$;>$!<'33!D$!(-!>.$2&!1$39!')!/$%=.')>!%()&.2%&/?!
!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! +!

33. !
!"#$%&'()*+,(-&.)#*+%(%&/0&12+)%&.3)4(-&
&
!" 1)3@-+4#@&;#&,"#$%&-#"$4#@&
#" 8@;(F)34#@&#G&,"#$%&3@%&#@H7)(6+-(&-0-;(6-&
$" !#@-$"4@F&;#&(A7"3+@&,"#$%&#74#@-&
%" I%$,34#@&G#)&-;3J&#@&,"#$%&-#"$4#@&
&" K@F#+@F&6#@+;#)+@FL63@3F(6(@;&#G&,"#$%&-#"$4#@&
'#$),(5&!#67189:-&!"#$%&&'()$*"+&#,$-&$.)/'#$./01'2&3$-;$%0&
<3-(5&==&>?'?&81&#)&<$-+@(--&(A(,$4*(-&B3C3&(@%&$-()-D&E2#&23*(&$-(%&;2+)%&73);0&,"#$%&-()*+,(-&
!
!
,-$.$!'/!0!1'2$!.0)3$!(4!&-'.2560.&7!%8(92!/$.:'%$/!&-0&!%(;60)'$/!-0:$!&0<$)!02:0)&03$!(4=!0)2!&-$!
')%'2$)%$!.0&$/!0.$!&'3-&87!%89/&$.$2>!#(89&'()!6.(:'2$./!-0:$!0)!(66(.&9)'&7!&(!$)303$!0!%9/&(;$.!
&-.(93-!088!6-0/$/!(4!0!6.(?$%&=!4.(;!&-$!')'&'08!6.(%9.$;$)&!0)2!@AB!%08%980&'()!&(!&-$!0%&908!%8(92!
&.0)/'&'()!0)2!')&$3.0&'()!1'&-!$C'/&')3!/7/&$;/!&(!$29%0&'()!4(.!/&044!0)2!()3(')3!;()'&(.')3>!D/!%8(92!
E$%(;$/!8$//!0E(9&!')2':'2908!6.(?$%&/!0)2!;(.$!0E(9&!49887!')&$3.0&$2!%(;6()$)&/!(4!0)!B,!
0.%-'&$%&9.$=!%-0))$8!4'.;/!08/(!-0:$!0)!(66(.&9)'&7!&(!;(:$!4.(;!/6$%'08'/&/!4(.!/$8$%&!$)303$;$)&/!&(!
&.9/&$2!02:'/(./!&-0&!0.$!60.&!(4!0!%(;60)7F/!40E.'%>!
"#
! $%""&'($)*+"#,$-"$.(/&#$./01&2-"3"!#$%&'()!*! +!

34. TRENDS IN CLOUD COMPUTING
S E C T I O N 5 : C H A N N E L F I R M I N V O LV E M E N T W I T H C L O U D
RESEARCH
T H I R D A N N U A L • J U LY 2 0 1 2
www.comptia.org