The document summarizes a study that compares the effects of grit blasting and acid etching on titanium surfaces for dental implants. Specifically, it examines modifying titanium surfaces with hydroxyapatite (HA) or aluminum oxide (Al2O3) grit blasting followed by treatment with phosphoric acid or nitric acid. Key results include that acid etching successfully removed calcium/phosphorus from HA-blasted surfaces but left aluminum/oxygen on Al2O3 surfaces. Al2O3 blasting produced rougher surfaces than HA blasting. Cell proliferation tests showed etched samples supported better growth, with HA samples performing best and residual Al2O3 grits not negatively impacting integration. The study concludes both methods could be suitable