The main aim of this study is to analyze the elevated water tank and comparing the forces created on elevated water tank in seismic zones V due to earthquake. Before design and analysis of structure first its impact on our economy based is to be fulfilled. The analysis of elevated water tank is performed on impulsive mode and convective mode using 1 IS 456 2000, Plane and Reinforced9 Concrete Code of Practice, 2 IS 1893 PART 1 2016,Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures, 3 IS 3370 PART 2 2009, Concrete structures for storage of liquids, 4 GSDMA GUIDELINES GUJARAT STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY andIS 11682 1985 Criteria for design of RCC staging for o.h.t. tanks. In this study with mention criteria to all above guidelines and codes, I have designed varying models of water tank Rectangular and circular tank using staad pro software V8i. By using all data and results I have compared results on following basis Quantity estimation, Base shear, Base moment Time period, Plate stresses and moments value regarding our design. Shubham Pandey | Afzal Khan "Comparative Study of Elevated Service Reservoir (E.S.R.) with Dynamic Analysis for Earthquake Zone V in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52829.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/52829/comparative-study-of-elevated-service-reservoir-esr-with-dynamic-analysis-for-earthquake-zone-v-in-india/shubham-pandey
“Wind Analysis on Elevated Steel Water Tank with Different Shape Tanks’’IRJET Journal
1. The document analyzes the behavior of elevated steel water tanks with different shapes (square and circular) under wind loading through modeling and analysis using STAAD-Pro software.
2. The results show that the circular tank performs better than the square tank, with lower axial forces, shear forces, and bending moments.
3. Specifically, under wind loads the maximum axial force was 282.544 kN for the circular tank versus 411.553 kN for the square tank, indicating the circular shape is more efficient.
IRJET- Study on Comparison Analysis of Circular and Intze Water Tank on Slopi...IRJET Journal
The document presents a study that compares the seismic response of circular and Intze elevated water tanks located on sloping ground. Ten tank models were created with varying ground slopes from 0 to 200 degrees. The models were analyzed using ETABS software to determine their dynamic response characteristics, including base shear, base moment, maximum displacement, and time periods, under seismic zone III conditions. The results found that the base shear and base moment of circular tanks were significantly higher than Intze tanks for all slope configurations, indicating that Intze tanks perform better seismically when located on sloping ground.
IRJET- Estimation of Intze Water Tank by User Graphical InterfaceIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that developed a Microsoft Excel program to estimate the materials needed for constructing components of an Intze water tank. The program allows users to input design specifications and dimensions and receives output calculations for the raft foundation and top dome of the tank. Intze tanks are commonly used elevated water storage structures with advantages over other tank designs. The program aims to simplify and speed up the estimation process that is typically done manually, reducing time and errors.
IRJET- Displacement & Cost Analysis of Bottom Ring Beam and Foundation of R.C...IRJET Journal
The document discusses the analysis and design of an overhead water tank for different earthquake zones using STAAD Pro software. It analyzes the displacement of nodes on the bottom ring beam and total cost of the isolated foundation for zones II through V. The results show that node displacements and cost increase as the zone increases in severity. Specifically, node 119 has the highest displacement of 20.234mm in zone V while node 113 has the lowest of 9.245mm in zone II. The cost of the isolated foundation increases 2.123% from zone II to III but only 0.001% and 0.279% from zones III to IV and IV to V respectively. Reinforcement quantities also generally increase with zone severity except for a
Design of Water Tank for the Town of Population 50000 and Analysis by- Staad ProIRJET Journal
The document discusses the design of different types of water tanks for a town with a population of 50,000 people using STAAD Pro software. It summarizes the design of a circular water tank with a flexible base, a circular tank with a rigid base, and a rectangular underground water tank. For each tank, the document outlines the design methodology, considerations, dimensions, reinforcement details and load distributions based on IS code standards. STAAD Pro was utilized to model, analyze and validate the designs. Key steps for the flexible base circular tank included calculating tank dimensions and hoop tension, determining wall thickness and vertical reinforcement. Reinforcement details and load distributions are shown for each tank type.
Impact of Varying Height to Diameter Ratio of Intze Tank on Different Compone...ijtsrd
Intze tank is an important overhead water storage tank, there for it is necessary that it should be constructed keeping in view its economy. To obtain economical design of tank, the proportion of container such as, staging container diameter ratio, height of cylindrical wall container diameter ratio and horizontal angle of dome have been varied as well as no of column for design of staging. To achieve this objective 15 different depth to diameter ratio of Intze tank. For this purpose a computer program in Microsoft excel has been developed. In Microsoft excel program continuity correction have been work out. The design of container is carried out by working stress method but staging is carried out by using limit state method. To get the economical design of Intze tank horizontal angle of conical dome should be less than 45°, ratio of height of cylindrical wall and container diameter ratio should be between 0.3 and 0.35.0n the other hand staging container diameter ratio effects the economy of higher capacity of tank only. Ravi Shankar Kumar | Mr. Afzal Khan "Impact of Varying Height to Diameter Ratio of Intze Tank on Different Components and Cost of Tank" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62378.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/62378/impact-of-varying-height-to-diameter-ratio-of-intze-tank-on-different-components-and-cost-of-tank/ravi-shankar-kumar
Impact of Varying Height to Diameter Ratio of Intze Tank on Different Compone...ijtsrd
Intze tank is an important overhead water storage tank, there for it is necessary that it should be constructed keeping in view its economy. To obtain economical design of tank, the proportion of container such as, staging container diameter ratio, height of cylindrical wall container diameter ratio and horizontal angle of dome have been varied as well as no of column for design of staging. To achieve this objective 15 different depth to diameter ratio of Intze tank. For this purpose a computer program in Microsoft excel has been developed. In Microsoft excel program continuity correction have been work out. The design of container is carried out by working stress method but staging is carried out by using limit state method. To get the economical design of Intze tank horizontal angle of conical dome should be less than 45°, ratio of height of cylindrical wall and container diameter ratio should be between 0.3 and 0.35.0n the other hand staging container diameter ratio effects the economy of higher capacity of tank only. Ravi Shankar Kumar | Mr. Afzal Khan "Impact of Varying Height to Diameter Ratio of Intze Tank on Different Components and Cost of Tank" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62378.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/62378/impact-of-varying-height-to-diameter-ratio-of-intze-tank-on-different-components-and-cost-of-tank/ravi-shankar-kumar
A Study of Dynamic Response of Circular Water Tank with Baffle WallsIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the dynamic response of circular water tanks with baffle walls. Finite element analysis is conducted using ANSYS software to analyze models of a circular water tank with and without baffle walls. The study finds that inclusion of baffle walls, both vertical and ring-shaped, significantly reduces total deformation, normal stress, shear stress and bending stress in the tank compared to a tank without baffles, when subjected to seismic loading. The height of the vertical baffle wall is also found to influence the dynamic response, with lower stresses and deformations observed for higher baffle walls. Openings are introduced in some baffle wall models, and their effect on dynamic response is also examined.
“Wind Analysis on Elevated Steel Water Tank with Different Shape Tanks’’IRJET Journal
1. The document analyzes the behavior of elevated steel water tanks with different shapes (square and circular) under wind loading through modeling and analysis using STAAD-Pro software.
2. The results show that the circular tank performs better than the square tank, with lower axial forces, shear forces, and bending moments.
3. Specifically, under wind loads the maximum axial force was 282.544 kN for the circular tank versus 411.553 kN for the square tank, indicating the circular shape is more efficient.
IRJET- Study on Comparison Analysis of Circular and Intze Water Tank on Slopi...IRJET Journal
The document presents a study that compares the seismic response of circular and Intze elevated water tanks located on sloping ground. Ten tank models were created with varying ground slopes from 0 to 200 degrees. The models were analyzed using ETABS software to determine their dynamic response characteristics, including base shear, base moment, maximum displacement, and time periods, under seismic zone III conditions. The results found that the base shear and base moment of circular tanks were significantly higher than Intze tanks for all slope configurations, indicating that Intze tanks perform better seismically when located on sloping ground.
IRJET- Estimation of Intze Water Tank by User Graphical InterfaceIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that developed a Microsoft Excel program to estimate the materials needed for constructing components of an Intze water tank. The program allows users to input design specifications and dimensions and receives output calculations for the raft foundation and top dome of the tank. Intze tanks are commonly used elevated water storage structures with advantages over other tank designs. The program aims to simplify and speed up the estimation process that is typically done manually, reducing time and errors.
IRJET- Displacement & Cost Analysis of Bottom Ring Beam and Foundation of R.C...IRJET Journal
The document discusses the analysis and design of an overhead water tank for different earthquake zones using STAAD Pro software. It analyzes the displacement of nodes on the bottom ring beam and total cost of the isolated foundation for zones II through V. The results show that node displacements and cost increase as the zone increases in severity. Specifically, node 119 has the highest displacement of 20.234mm in zone V while node 113 has the lowest of 9.245mm in zone II. The cost of the isolated foundation increases 2.123% from zone II to III but only 0.001% and 0.279% from zones III to IV and IV to V respectively. Reinforcement quantities also generally increase with zone severity except for a
Design of Water Tank for the Town of Population 50000 and Analysis by- Staad ProIRJET Journal
The document discusses the design of different types of water tanks for a town with a population of 50,000 people using STAAD Pro software. It summarizes the design of a circular water tank with a flexible base, a circular tank with a rigid base, and a rectangular underground water tank. For each tank, the document outlines the design methodology, considerations, dimensions, reinforcement details and load distributions based on IS code standards. STAAD Pro was utilized to model, analyze and validate the designs. Key steps for the flexible base circular tank included calculating tank dimensions and hoop tension, determining wall thickness and vertical reinforcement. Reinforcement details and load distributions are shown for each tank type.
Impact of Varying Height to Diameter Ratio of Intze Tank on Different Compone...ijtsrd
Intze tank is an important overhead water storage tank, there for it is necessary that it should be constructed keeping in view its economy. To obtain economical design of tank, the proportion of container such as, staging container diameter ratio, height of cylindrical wall container diameter ratio and horizontal angle of dome have been varied as well as no of column for design of staging. To achieve this objective 15 different depth to diameter ratio of Intze tank. For this purpose a computer program in Microsoft excel has been developed. In Microsoft excel program continuity correction have been work out. The design of container is carried out by working stress method but staging is carried out by using limit state method. To get the economical design of Intze tank horizontal angle of conical dome should be less than 45°, ratio of height of cylindrical wall and container diameter ratio should be between 0.3 and 0.35.0n the other hand staging container diameter ratio effects the economy of higher capacity of tank only. Ravi Shankar Kumar | Mr. Afzal Khan "Impact of Varying Height to Diameter Ratio of Intze Tank on Different Components and Cost of Tank" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62378.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/62378/impact-of-varying-height-to-diameter-ratio-of-intze-tank-on-different-components-and-cost-of-tank/ravi-shankar-kumar
Impact of Varying Height to Diameter Ratio of Intze Tank on Different Compone...ijtsrd
Intze tank is an important overhead water storage tank, there for it is necessary that it should be constructed keeping in view its economy. To obtain economical design of tank, the proportion of container such as, staging container diameter ratio, height of cylindrical wall container diameter ratio and horizontal angle of dome have been varied as well as no of column for design of staging. To achieve this objective 15 different depth to diameter ratio of Intze tank. For this purpose a computer program in Microsoft excel has been developed. In Microsoft excel program continuity correction have been work out. The design of container is carried out by working stress method but staging is carried out by using limit state method. To get the economical design of Intze tank horizontal angle of conical dome should be less than 45°, ratio of height of cylindrical wall and container diameter ratio should be between 0.3 and 0.35.0n the other hand staging container diameter ratio effects the economy of higher capacity of tank only. Ravi Shankar Kumar | Mr. Afzal Khan "Impact of Varying Height to Diameter Ratio of Intze Tank on Different Components and Cost of Tank" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62378.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/62378/impact-of-varying-height-to-diameter-ratio-of-intze-tank-on-different-components-and-cost-of-tank/ravi-shankar-kumar
A Study of Dynamic Response of Circular Water Tank with Baffle WallsIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the dynamic response of circular water tanks with baffle walls. Finite element analysis is conducted using ANSYS software to analyze models of a circular water tank with and without baffle walls. The study finds that inclusion of baffle walls, both vertical and ring-shaped, significantly reduces total deformation, normal stress, shear stress and bending stress in the tank compared to a tank without baffles, when subjected to seismic loading. The height of the vertical baffle wall is also found to influence the dynamic response, with lower stresses and deformations observed for higher baffle walls. Openings are introduced in some baffle wall models, and their effect on dynamic response is also examined.
Design and analysis for supporting system of circular ESR for different seism...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes and compares the design of supporting systems for circular elevated water tanks of the same 300m3 capacity located in different seismic zones (II, III, and IV) in India. The study models the tank and conducting response spectrum analysis to calculate seismic forces - shear force, axial force, and bending moment - induced on peripheral and interior columns under full and empty tank conditions. Results show seismic forces generally increase with higher seismic zone and are greater for interior columns compared to peripheral columns. For Zone IV, interior columns fail the bending moment check, indicating larger column sizes are needed. In conclusion, seismic forces on a tank's supporting structure vary significantly based on the seismic zone and column location.
Performance Study of Elevated Water Tanks under Seismic ForcesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the performance of elevated water tanks under seismic forces. It discusses two main types of elevated water tank support systems - framed staging and shaft staging. The objectives are to determine the impact of seismic forces on each system, including maximum displacement, base shear, overturning moment, and vibration analysis. The document reviews literature on previous studies of seismic behavior of liquid storage tanks. It also describes the two-mass idealization model proposed by Housner to account for impulsive and convective pressures on partially filled tanks. Key parameters of the analyzed elevated water tank are provided.
A Review Study on Seismic Behavior of Tall Structure by using Floating Column...ijtsrd
Floating column rest on the beam, means the beam which support the column is act as a foundation. That beam is called as transfer beam. This is widely used in high storied buildings which are used for both commercial and residential purpose. This helps to alter the plan of the top floors to our convenience. The transfer beam that support floating column will be designed with more reinforcement. Shivani Barde | Nitesh Kushwaha "A Review Study on Seismic Behavior of Tall Structure by using Floating Columns with Shear Wall" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29633.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/29633/a-review-study-on-seismic-behavior-of-tall-structure-by-using-floating-columns-with-shear-wall/shivani-barde
Analysis and Design of Intz Water Tank by Using Staad Proijtsrd
This document presents an analysis of an Intze water tank designed in STAAD Pro. It begins with an introduction to water tanks and the Intze tank design. It then reviews past literature on seismic analysis of tanks. Next, it outlines the methodology used, including estimating water needs, defining fire demands, and specifying tank dimensions. The document details the steps taken in STAAD Pro to model the tank's geometry, apply materials and loads, assign supports, run the analysis, and view post-processing results. Tables present the maximum displacements under different seismic zones. The conclusion states that members did not fail and the design was stable under the analyzed loads.
First Order Analysis of Elevated Water Tanks During Seismic Activity using St...IRJET Journal
This document presents a first order analysis of different types of elevated water tanks (rectangular, circular, and Intz shaped) during seismic activity using Staad.pro software. The analysis compares the maximum displacement of each tank type when subjected to seismic loads in Zones II and V, with parameters of 300m3 capacity, 16m height, and 4m bracing interval. The results found that the rectangular tank experienced the highest displacement of 44.427mm in Zone V, while the Intz tank had the lowest displacement and is therefore more seismically resistant for the given conditions. The first order analysis examined the displacement between column segments at the 4m bracing interval to evaluate seismic performance.
Design and Analysis of a Girder Bridge for Highway Structures using SAP 2000ijtsrd
In this work, a comparison of two different bridge types—the deck type and the pre stressed deck type—using finite element analysis in SAP 2000 is complete, taking into account the same loading class 70 R according to I.R.C. loading. Using S.O.R. C.P.W.D. 2014, we will also prepare a price analysis of both structures during this investigation. When connecting to short distances, this type of bridge is more preferred. Therefore, its important to upgrade the analysis and styling techniques.In this work, an attempt is made to compare the maximum bending moment caused by the super load on a girder and slab bridge. An equivalent bridge is analysed as a three dimensional model in finite element software such as SAP2000, apply an equivalent loading finished conventional methods, and compare the results. The finite element model yields the maximum bending moment. Lekha Malviya | Dr. A. K. Jha | Dr. R. S. Parihar "Design and Analysis of a Girder Bridge for Highway Structures using SAP 2000" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51773.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/51773/design-and-analysis-of-a-girder-bridge-for-highway-structures-using-sap-2000/lekha-malviya
IRJET- Solution for Decrease in Land due to Global Warming by Constructio...IRJET Journal
This document proposes constructing very large floating structures to provide additional land area as global warming causes sea levels to rise. It discusses the causes and impacts of global warming, including melting ice caps and rising ocean temperatures. The document then presents the methodology and results of analyzing a floating pontoon structure model to demonstrate the feasibility of the concept. The pontoon model is used to calculate the depth submerged in water, which represents its self-weight, and the height above water, which represents its weight-carrying capacity. The analysis found the concept viable for supporting conventional building structures and addressing land loss from climate change.
Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Solid Slab Bridgeijtsrd
Structural planning and analysis is an art and science of designing with economy, elegance and sturdiness. Structural designing requires an in depth structural analysis on which the planning is predicted, to compete within the ever competitive market, the use of software can save many man hours and efforts in structural analysis and an effort was made in the present study to achieve this objective. The purpose of this study is to analyze and design the solid deck slab bridge by STAAD Pro and manual method under different loading conditions. And also, the analysis results in term of shear, bending moment, axial force and deflection were checked by STAAD Pro which is passes through many different load combinations. The maximum design moments resulting from the combinations of various loading cases.part 1 The study deals with the planning and analysis of Solid Deck Slab using Staad Pro software. In this study solid deck slab having 8.2 m long span and the thickness of slab 0.65 m and the slab is simply supported. The drafting and detailing work was completed using AutoCAD software and thereafter the entire design work was completed using “Staad Pro v8i ss6â€.Part 2 Manual analysis of load is compared preferably with the results of software and thus its concluded that Staad Pro is suitable tool that may save considerable time and gives sufficiently accurate results.Part 3 Comparison of Manual Calculation and also the analysis results in term of shear, bending moment, axial force and deflection were checked by STAAD Pro which is passes through many different load combinations. The maximum design moments resulting from the combinations of various loading cases. Singh Shubham Yashwant | A. K. Jha | R. S. Parihar "Analysis & Design of Reinforced Concrete Solid Slab Bridge" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50691.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/50691/analysis-and-design-of-reinforced-concrete-solid-slab-bridge/singh-shubham-yashwant
Comparative Study on the Design of Square,Rectangular and Circular Concrete W...IJERA Editor
Reinforced concrete overhead water tanks are used to store and supply safe drinking water. Design and cost estimation of overhead water tanks is a time consuming task, which requires a great deal of expertise. This study therefore examines the efficiency of Rectangular and Circular tanks. Tanks of 30m3, 90m3, 140m3 and 170m3 capacities were used in order to draw reasonable inferences on tank‟s shape design effectiveness, relative cost implications of tank types and structural capacities. Limit state design criteria were used for basic tank‟s construction materials- steel reinforcement, concrete and formwork were taken-off from the prepared structural drawings. Results of the material take-offs showed that, for each of the shapes, the amount of each structural materials increase as the tank capacity increases. Also Circular-shaped tank consumed lesser individual material as compared to Rectangular ones. Hence, this will give Circular-shaped tanks a more favoured selection over the rectangular shaped tanks.
IRJET- Response Spectrum Analysis of Elevated Water TankIRJET Journal
This document analyzes and compares the response spectrum analysis of elevated Intze and circular water tanks located in seismic zones III and V. The analysis is performed using STAAD Pro V8i software. Key results include:
- Base shear is higher for full tanks compared to empty tanks, and higher in zone V than zone III, due to hydrostatic pressure and increased seismic demand.
- Nodal displacements increase with height and are 4.85 times higher for circular tanks and 2.25 times higher for Intze tanks when changing from zone III to zone V.
- Displacements are higher for full tanks compared to empty tanks, and increase substantially with more severe seismic zone, due to additional mass
IRJET-Relative Study of Seismic Behaviour of INTZE Tank Having Different type...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study comparing the seismic behavior of an Intze water tank supported by different types of staging using finite element analysis software SAP2000. The tank is modeled with frame elements for the staging and thin shell elements for the tank walls, domes, etc. The study analyzes parameters like time period, base shear, stresses, displacements, and hydrodynamic pressures for a tank supported by either a frame staging or shaft staging. The results show that a tank with frame staging has a longer time period and lower stresses and base shear compared to one with shaft staging, which provides more lateral support.
IRJET- Review on Seismic Analysis of Elevated Water Tanks with Different Shap...IRJET Journal
The document reviews research on analyzing the seismic performance of elevated water tanks with different shapes, staging configurations, and soil/seismic zone conditions using structural analysis software. Various studies have found that base shear, overturning moment, and displacements increase with height and soil softness, while bracing and shear walls can increase stiffness and reduce displacements. The review evaluates parameters like time period, base shear, and hydrodynamic pressures under empty, partially filled, and full conditions.
Seismic performance of circular elevated water tank with framed stagingIAEME Publication
1) The document analyzes the seismic performance of a circular elevated water tank supported by a framed staging system. Various methods are used to calculate the lateral stiffness (Ks) of the staging, including software analysis and two theoretical formulas.
2) Five iterations of the analysis are performed by varying the tank dimensions. Results for base shear and base moment are compared across the different calculation methods.
3) Graphs show that the rapid assessment method for calculating Ks results in more economical design values for base shear and moment, as it consistently provides lower estimates than the other methods. Therefore, using the rapid assessment method to analyze the tank results in a safer and more cost-effective design.
Study on Behavior of Tubular Diagrid Structures During Seismic ExcitationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the behavior of tubular diagrid structures during seismic excitation. It models a 50-story structure with varying diagrid angles in ETABS and analyzes seismic performance parameters. The study finds that a diagrid angle of 60 degrees performs best, with lower displacement, drift, and base shear compared to models with 45 and 75 degree diagrids or no diagrid. Analyzing lateral displacement, story drift, time period, and base shear allows determining the most effective seismic resistant system.
Analysis of a High Rise Structure Using E Tabs Softwareijtsrd
Now a days, the architects often prohibit the widths of the columns so that more free space is available and for the good aesthetic look of the building without columns protruding out of the walls and corners. Advances in structural members and techniques to resist lateral forces are generally used now days to pretend more stable and safe structure. Solid structures with non rectangular uncommonly formed flimsy segments discovered as an option in contrast to the above said issue and it is discovered that non rectangular uniquely molded dainty segments performs well basically with all investigation results inside satisfactory cutoff points. In present work with the end goal to contrast fortified solid structure using traditional columns against structure designed with special shaped columns considering seismic loads on G 12 multi story building having plan measurement 63.20 m x 29.50 m is displayed and dissected in ETABS 2018 adaptation coordinated building outline programming. Proportionate static investigation and dynamic reaction range examination are performed on the structure. Bhavya Upadhyay | Dr. Rajeev Singh Parihar | Abhay Kumar Jha "Analysis of a High Rise Structure Using E-Tabs Software" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47728.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/47728/analysis-of-a-high-rise-structure-using-etabs-software/bhavya-upadhyay
Seismic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Building Using Fluid Viscous DamperIRJET Journal
The document analyzes the seismic performance of reinforced concrete buildings with and without fluid viscous dampers through modeling 4 building models in ETABS and conducting time history and response spectrum analyses. The results show that the model with dampers placed at the 3rd story performed the best in reducing response quantities like base shear and story displacements compared to the bare frame building and buildings with dampers at other story locations. Placing dampers at the 3rd story was found to be the optimal location for minimizing seismic response of the building.
Seismic Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Multistory Building under ...ijtsrd
Impact of wind load as a marvel on structures, especially tall plans cant be unseen. Its major to ponder the deferred result of wind in style and appraisal of plans. The plan is explored for the gravity loads and besides for the equivalent loads for example wind load in zone ii Bhopal , zone iii Nagpur , zone iv Delhi , zone v Calcutta , zone vi Darbhanga .The structure is made on the thing known as staad.pro v8i. This appraisal is the assessment of the Reinforced strong cement multi story building G 10 . The codes utilized for the evaluations of Dead weight are IS 875 Part 1 1987 ,for live weight the code IS 875 Part 2 1987 and for the incorporates of wind power in various breeze zones are IS 875 fragment 3 1987.The deferred result of these appraisal shows the adjustment of forces, departures responses and weight of steel the proportion of partner material expected to negate equivalent loads will increase without a doubt. Amount of essential material expected to go against sidelong loads will augment profoundly. Subodh Kumar | Prof. Priyanka Dubey "Seismic Analysis & Design of Reinforced Concrete Multistory Building under Different Zone's" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46404.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46404/seismic-analysis-and-design-of-reinforced-concrete-multistory-building-under-different-zone's/subodh-kumar
IRJET- Comparison of Ductility of M20 and M25 Concrete in Elevated Tank StagingIRJET Journal
This study compares the ductility of M20 and M25 concrete in the staging of an elevated water tank through pushover analysis. The analysis found that M20 concrete has higher ductility than M25 concrete, with a ductility of 3.47 for M20 versus 1.7 for M25. While M25 concrete is stiffer and can take more loads, the use of M20 concrete results in significantly increased ductility of the staging structure with around a 50% reduction in force.
Performance of Overhead Water Tank with Staging under Seismic Conditions– A R...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the performance of overhead water tanks under seismic conditions. It discusses different failure modes that can occur in water tanks during earthquakes, such as shear failure, bending-shear failure, and torsion failure of beams and columns. The document also summarizes several research papers on seismic analysis of water tanks that studied parameters like base shear, displacement, moment considering different soil types, bracing patterns, and tank conditions (empty, partial, full). Finite element software was used to model and analyze tanks. The studies concluded that seismic responses depend on soil stiffness, earthquake characteristics, and tank properties. Diagonal bracing provided better seismic performance than other bracing patterns.
SURVEYING AND DESIGNING OF WATER DISTRIBUTION LINE AND ESRIRJET Journal
This document discusses surveying and designing a water distribution line and elevated surface reservoir (ESR) in India. It involves collecting data on population and water needs through surveying the area. This data is used to determine the diameter of water pipes and ESR capacity. The ESR is designed using STAAD-Pro software to analyze loads like dead load, wind load, and seismic load. Design of the ESR structure is done as per Indian codes and standards. Surveying plays an important role in designing water distribution infrastructure and software helps analyze designs.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
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The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
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Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
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Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
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concrete and steel is to be used in reference to IS 3370
and IS 456.
Grade of concrete is taken as M30, as minimum grade
of concrete for RCC structures is M30 as per IS: 3370
(Part-1) 2009.The minimum quantity of cement in
concrete mixshall not be less than 30 Kn/m3
.
Methodology
In this six models are relatively study with its design
calculations manuallyand its implementation on Staad
pro software is carried out. Stage wise comparative
study as mention in (Case study 3.4) is done and its
result is been carried out. Comparisons is done
according to earthquake zone V in India. Software
used for design purpose is STAADPROSOFTWARE
V8i. The methodology is to achieve what kind of
variationsoccur as according to our comparative study
in this type of Elevated Service Reservoir & which
type of tank is feasible. Finally a comparative study
on water tanks is doneaccording to point(3.1 Basics
about project).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Overview on my work
In the present era of rapid development fast
construction and quality work is always appreciated
and also theneed ofthe hourforconstruction is venue-
arable. In my projectI have designed E.S.R. of type
Rectangular & Circular water tank. The main
objectiveof this project/paper is Comparative studyof
(E.S.R) for earthquake zones V in India. The analysis
is done by using STAAD PRO software and manually
implementation is also done by using GSDMA
guidelines and results beingcompared in seismic zone
V in India. The comparison is made on the parameters
such as Base shear,overturningmoment,timeperiods,
quantity estimation, plate stresses& moments, shear
force, bending moment and reactions on column ( on
axis Global Y) are find out.
Result Analysis of Tanks
Comparisons on basis of Quantity (Concrete+Steel)
Stage wise- stage 1 (Mention in 3.5 Methodology)
Let’s compare the value of in Zone V with respect to (4.2.1)
Figure 4.1- Comparisons of volume of concrete in rectangular and circular tank
Figure 4.2- Comparisons of weight of steel in rectangular and circular tank.
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In above tables we clearly seen that quantity wise circular tank is more preferable thanrectangular tank in today’s
field of economy.
Comparisons on basis of Quantity (Base shear, base moment & time period)
Let’s compare the value of in Zone V with respect to (4.2.2)
Figure 4.2 (a) Results showing comparisons in base shear.
Figure 4.2(b) Results showing comparisons in base moment/overturning moment
Figure 4.2 (c) Results showing comparisons in time period
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Clearly in this reference by above comparisons we said that circular tank is feasible.
Comparisons on basis of stresses (Plate stress values)
Figure 4.3 Plate stresses value of rectangular tank in direction (sx local)-n/mm2
Figure 4.4 Plate stresses value of rectangular tank in direction (sy local)-n/mm2
Figure 4.5 Plate stresses value of circular tank in direction (sx local)-n/mm2
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Figure 4.6 Plate stresses value of circular tank in direction (sy local)-n/mm2
In this, we clearly see that stresses value are also getting lower for circular tank casetype.
Table 4.1 Variation in plate stresses value
S. No. Type ofTank SQX (N/MM2) SQY (N/MM2)
Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
1. Rectangular -0.402 0.190 -1.470 0.915
2. Circular -2.856 0.697 -0.598 0.395
Comparisons on basis of (Shear force and bending moment behave of wholestructure)
Figure 4.7 Rectangular tank behaviour as per shear force and bending moment
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Figure 4.8 Circular tank behaviour as per shear force and bending moment
Design calculations of above comparisons by using GSDMAguidelines
RECTANGULAR TANK
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR OVERHEAD WATER TANK
Volume calculation and sizing 500 KL
Sizing of
Tank:
Volume of tank 500 cum
height of water stored as per Tender
Clause 4 m
Dead Storage
height 0 m
Height of free
board 0.2 m
Total Height of
Wall 4.2 m
Plan dimension 12.5 m x 10.0 m
Total Volume of
Tank
500 Cum
500000 Litres
ANALYSIS AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF OVERHEAD TANK FOR 500 KL
CAPACITY WITH 18M STAGING
BASIC DETAILS OF OHT
INPUT DATA:
Plan dimension (B * L) 12.5 m x 10.0 m
Height of Cylindrical Wall 4.2 m
No of Columns At Periphery of Wall 8 Nos
No of Columns inside 1 Nos
Total No of Columns 9 Nos
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Spacing of Internal Columns 6.2 m
Spacing of Peripheral Columns 6.5 m
PRELIMINARY DATA
Plan dimension (B * L) 12.5 m x 10.0 m
Staging height from ground level 18 m
Considering GL as 0 m
Bottom of Foundation 2 m
Centre of Plinth Beam 0 m
Width of Plinth Beam 0.25 m
Depth of Plinth Beam 0.5 m
wall
Top Width of Wall 200 mm
Bottom Width of Wall 200 mm
Total Height if Wall 4.2 m
FLOOR SLAB
Thickness of Floor Slab 250 mm
FLOOR BEAM
Width of floor Beam 300 mm
Depth of Floor beam 700 mm
WALKING GALLERY
Thickness of Walking gallery 100 mm
Width of Walking Gallery 1 m
Inner dia of Gallery 10.41 m
Outer dia of Gallery 12.41 m
Bracing
Level of Bracing Beam 1 3 m
Level of Bracing Beam 2 6 m
Level of Bracing Beam 3 9 m
Level of Bracing Beam 4 12 m
Level of Bracing Beam 5 15 m
Level of Bracing Beam 6 18 m
Width of bracing beam 250 mm
Depth of Bracing Beam 500 mm
No of Bracing Beam 6 Nos
ALL UNITS
ARE IN KN
External Columns Dia 500 mm
Weight of Various Components
wall 945 kN
Floor Slab 782 kN
Floor Beam 312 kN
Gallery 123 kN
External Columns upto GL 764 kN
Braces 1266 kN
Water 4910 kN
Weight of Staging 2030 kN
Weight of Empty container 2162 kN
Total Weight of full Container 9102 kN
Weight of Container empty + 1/3 of staging 2839 kN
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CG FROM TOP OF FLOOR BEAM
Component Distance from Top of FloorBeam Weight of Component
wall 2.1 945 1985.38
Floor Slab 0.125 782 97.7539
Floor Beam 0.35 312 109.302
Gallery 0.05 123 6.125
2198.56 2162
CG from Top of Floor Beam 1.017 m
CG from Centre of Floor Beam 1.367 m
Hence CG of Container from top of Footing will be 21.0 m
SEISMIC CALCULATION ON OHT AS PER IS 1893 PART 2 -2014
Weight of water 4910 kN
Hence mass of Water m 500500 kg
g 9.81 m2/sec
Depth of water h 4 m
Length of Tank L 10.0 m
Hence , h/L 0.3996
Mi/m 0.44949
Mi 224970 kg
Hi/h 0.375
Hi 1.5 m
Hi*/h 0.13905
Hi* 0.55619 m
Mc/m 0.56276
Mc 281662 kg
Hc/h 0.55732
Hc 2.22926 m
Hc*/h 1.0492
Hc* 4.19679 m
Ms (mass of empty container + 1/3 of staging) 289387 kg
Kc 744581
Refer STAAD MODEL OF SELFWEIGHT for Deflection of CG
Deflection of CG in X direction as per STAAD model 1.054 mm
Hence Lateral Stiffness of STAGING Ks 9487.67 KN/m
TIME PERIOD
Time period in Impulsive Mode
Ti 1.46 sec
Time period in Convective Mode Tc 3.87 sec
Cc Cc 3.83
DESIGN HORIZONTAL SEISMIC COEFFICIENT
Design horizontal seismic coeficcient for Impulsive Mode
Earth Quake Zone V Soil Type Medium
Zone Coeff., Z 0.36
Imp. Factor, I 1.50
Resp Red Fact, R 4.00 RC Frame
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Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient
1. For Impulsive mode
Ti = 1.46 sec
Damping= 5.00 %
Sa/g = 0.93
(Ah)i = 0.063
2. For Convective mode
Tc
= 3.87 sec
Damping = 5.00 %
Sa/g = 0.62
(Ah)c = 0.042
BASE SHEAR
CALCULATION
Base shear at the bottom of the staging, in impulsive mode,
Vi
317 KN
Base shear in Convective Mode
Vc 115 KN
Total Shear to be applied at the CG of tank 337 KN
BASE MOMENT
Overturning moment at the base of staging in impulsive mode
Mi* = (Ah)i [mi (hi* + hs) + mshcg]g
6749 KN-m
hs 20.5 m
hcg 21.5 m
Overturning mode at the base of staging in Convective Mode
Mc* = (Ah)c mc (hc* + hs) g
2834 KN-m
Total Overturning Moment
HYDRODYNAMIC PRESSURES
7320 KN-m
Impulsive Hydrodynamic Pressure, Cl. 4.9.1 GSDMA Guideline
Impulsive Hydrodynamic Pressure on wall:
piw = Impulsive Hydrodynamic pressure on the wall
piw = Qiw(y) * (Ah)i * g * H
Where,
Φ = Circumferential angle,
Maximum Impulsive Hydrodynamic pressure will occur at Φ = 0
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y = Distance of section from the base of
wall
Qiw = Coefficient of Impulsive pressure on the wall
Max pressure will occur at base of wall,
Coefficient Qiw, at the base of wall (y = 0)
Qiw (y =0) = 0.8385
Hence, piw = 2.168 kN/m2
Impulsive Hydrodynamic Pressure on the base slab :
at y = 0,
pib = Impulsive Hydrodynamic pressure on the base slab
l' = D at f = 0,
Pib = Qib(x) * (Ah)i * g * h
where, Qib(x) = sinh(1.732*x/h) / cosh(0.866*L/h)
= 0.974
Hence, pib = 2.399 kN/m2
Convective Hydrodynamic Pressure, Cl. 4.9.2 GSDMA Guideline
Convective Hydrodynamic Pressure on wall:
pcw = Convective Hydrodynamic pressure on the wall
pcw = Qcw(y) * (Ah)c * g * L
y = Distance of the section from the base of the wall
At the base of the wall ( y = 0 )
Coefficient Qcw, on the wall
where, Qcw(y) = 0.4165 * cosh(3.162*y/L) / cosh(3.162*h/L)
Qcw = 0.2180
Hence, pcw = 0.889 kN/m2
At the top of the wall ( y = h )
Coefficient of Convective Hydrodynamic pressure on the wall
Qcw = 0.4398
Hence, pcw = 1.793 kN/m2
Convective Hydrodynamic Pressure on the base slab:
pcb = Convective Hydrodynamic pressure on the base slab
pcb = Qcb(x) * (Ah)c * g * L
Where,
Qcb = Coefficient of Convective Hydrodynamic pressure on the base slab
Qcb(x) = 1.125*(x/L - (4/3)*(x/L)^3) * sech(3.162 h/L)
Qcb = 0.1963
Hence, pcb = 0.800 kN/m2
Pressure due to Wall inertia
Where,
pww = Pressure on Tank wall due to its inertia
ρm = Density of wall material
Hence, pww = 3.078 kN/m2
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Pressure due to Vertical Excitation
Hydrodynamic Pressure on Tank wall due to vertical acceleration,
Where,
Av = Spectral Acceleration Coefficient for Hydrodynamic Pressure
on Tank wall due to vertical acceleration
As per GSDMA
guidelines
T = 1.46 sec
Damping = 5.00 %
Sa/g = 0.93
Hence, Av =0.042
Hence, pv =16.103 kN/m2
at the base of the
wall ( y = 0 )
Maximum Hydrodynamic Pressure, p
of horizontal and vertical excitation,
At the base of wall,
Hence, p = 16.96 kN/m2
Check
Hydrostatic Pressure Acting on the wall, pst
= ρ g H
= 40.42 kN/m2
Hydrodynamic pressure acting on the wall, p
= 16.96 kN/m2
% Ratio (p / pst)*100
= 41.96 %
SEISMIC CALCULATION ON OHT AS PER IS 1893 PART 2 -2014
Weight of water 4909 kN
Hence mass of Water m 500400 kg
g 9.81 m2/sec
Depth of water h 4 m
Length of Tank L 12.5 m
Hence , h/L 0.31974
Mi/m 0.36595
Mi 183124 kg
Hi/h 0.375
Hi 1.5 m
Hi*/h 0.17079
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Hi* 0.68314 m
Mc/m 0.63239
Mc 316449 kg
Hc/h 0.5386
Hc 2.1544 m
Hc*/h 1.37769
Hc* 5.51078 m
Ms (mass of empty container + 1/3 of staging) 289371 kg
Kc 601872
Refer STAAD MODEL OF SELFWEIGHT for Deflection of CG
Deflection of CG in X direction as per STAAD model 1.054 mm
Hence Lateral Stiffness of STAGING Ks 9487.67/m
TIME PERIOD
Time period in Impulsive Mode
Ti 1.40 sec
Time period in Convective Mode Tc 4.56 sec
Cc Cc 4.039
DESIGN HORIZONTAL SEISMIC COEFFICIENT
Design horizontal seismic coeficcient for Impulsive Mode
Earth Quake Zone V Soil Type Medium
Zone Coeff., Z 0.36
Imp. Factor, I 1.50
Resp Red Fact, R 4.00 RC Frame
Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient
1. For Impulsive mode
Ti = 1.40 sec
Damping = 5.00 %
Sa/g = 0.97
(Ah)i = 0.065
2. For Convective mode
Tc = 4.56 sec
Damping = 5.00 %
Sa/g = 0.52
(Ah)c = 0.035
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BASE SHEAR
CALCULATION
Base shear at the bottom of the staging, in impulsive mode,
Vi 303 KN
Base shear in Convective Mode
Vc 109 KN
Total Shear to be applied at the CG of tank 323 KN
BASE MOMENT
Overturning moment at the base of staging in impulsive mode
Mi* = (Ah)i [mi (hi* + hs) + mshcg]g 6490 KN-m
hs 20.5 m
hcg 21.5 m
Overturning mode at the base of staging in Convective Mode
Mc* = (Ah)c mc (hc* + hs) g 2844 KN-m
Total Overturning Moment
HYDRODYNAMIC PRESSURES
7086 KN-m
Impulsive Hydrodynamic Pressure, Cl. 4.9.1 GSDMA Guideline
Impulsive Hydrodynamic Pressure on wall:
piw = Impulsive Hydrodynamic pressure on the wall
piw = Qiw(y) * (Ah)i * g * H
Where,
Φ = Circumferential angle,
Maximum Impulsive Hydrodynamic pressure will occur at Φ = 0y= Distance of
section from the base of
wall
Qiw = Coefficient of Impulsive pressure on the wall
Max pressure will occur at base of wall,
Coefficient Qiw, at the base of wall ( y = 0 )
Qiw (y =0) = 0.8561
Hence, piw = 2.309 kN/m2
Impulsive Hydrodynamic Pressure on the base slab :
at y = 0,
pib = Impulsive Hydrodynamic pressure on the base slab
l' = D at f = 0,
Pib = Qib(x) * (Ah)i * g * h
where, Qib(x) = sinh(1.732*x/h) / cosh(0.866*L/h)
= 0.991
Hence, pib = 2.546 kN/m2
Convective Hydrodynamic Pressure, Cl. 4.9.2 GSDMA Guideline
Convective Hydrodynamic Pressure on wall:
pcw = Convective Hydrodynamic pressure on the wall
pcw = Qcw(y) * (Ah)c * g * L
y = Distance of the section from the base of the wall
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At the base of the wall ( y = 0 )
Coefficient Qcw, on the wall
where, Qcw(y) = 0.4165 * cosh(3.162*y/L) / cosh(3.162*h/L)
Qcw = 0.2676
Hence, pcw = 1.157 kN/m2
At the top of the wall ( y = h )
Coefficient of Convective Hydrodynamic pressure on the wall
Qcw = 0.4332
Hence, pcw = 1.872 kN/m2
Convective Hydrodynamic Pressure on the base slab:
pcb = Convective Hydrodynamic pressure on the base slab
pcb = Qcb(x) * (Ah)c * g * L
Where,
Qcb = Coefficient of Convective Hydrodynamic pressure on the base slab
Qcb(x) = 1.125*(x/L - (4/3)*(x/L)^3) * sech(3.162 h/L)
Qcb = 0.2410
Hence, pcb = 1.042 kN/m2
Pressure due to Wall inertia
Where,
pww = Pressure on Tank wall due to its inertia
ρm = Density of wall material
Hence, pww = 3.211 kN/m2
Pressure due to Vertical Excitation
Hydrodynamic Pressure on Tank wall due to vertical acceleration,
Where,
Av = Spectral Acceleration Coefficient for Hydrodynamic Pressure
on Tank wall due to vertical acceleration
T = 1.40 sec As per GSDMA
guidelines
Damping = 5.00 %
Sa/g = 0.97
Hence, Av = 0.044
Hence, pv = 16.802 kN/m2
Maximum Hydrodynamic Pressure, p
p is calculated by SRSS method combination of the hydrodynamic response of
horizontal and vertical excitation,
At the base of wall,
Hence, p = 17.72 kN/m2
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Check
Hydrostatic Pressure Acting on the wall, pst
= ρ g H
= 40.42 kN/m2
Hydrodynamic pressure acting on the wall, p
= 17.72 kN/m2
% Ratio (p / pst)*100
= 43.85 %
Comparisons on basis of Quantity (CONCRETE+STEEL)
STAGE WISE- STAGE 2 (MENTION IN 3.5 METHEDOLOGY)
Let’s compare the value of in Zone V with respect to (4.4)
Figure 4.9(a) (Results showing comparisons in concrete quantity)
Figure 4.9(b) (Results showing comparisons in steel quantity)
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Comparisons on basis of Quantity (Base shear, base moment & timeperiod)
Let’s compare the value of in Zone V with respect to (4.4.1)
Figure 4.9 (C) (Results showing comparisons in base shear)
Figure 4.9(d) (Results showing comparisons in base moment/overturning moment)
Figure 4.9(e) (Results showing comparisons in time period)
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Comparisons on basis of stresses (Plate stress values)
Figure 10 (a) Plate stress value for bottom plate of rectangular tank in SX (local)direction (N/mm2)
Figure 10 (b) Plate stress value for bottom plate of rectangular tank in SY (local)direction (N/mm2)
Figure 10 (c) Plate stress value for bottom plate of circular tank in SX (local)direction (N/mm2)
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Figure 10(d) Plate stress value for bottom plate of circular tank in SY (local)direction (N/mm2)
MOMENT VARIATION ALONG LOCAL AXIS IS SHOWN BELOW
Figure 11(a) Moments value for bottom plate of rectangular tank in mx (local) direction (KNm/m)
Figure 11(b) Moments value for bottom plate of rectangular tank in my (local)direction (KNm/m)
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Figure 11(c) Moments value for bottom plate of circular tank in mx (local)direction (KNm/m )
Figure 11(d) Moments value for bottom plate of circular tank in my (local)direction (KNm/m)
Table 4.2 Variation in plate stresses value (Final value)
S.NO TYPE OFTANK
SQX (N/MM2
) SQY (N/MM2
)
Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
1. Rectangular -0.138 0.189 -0.018 0.159
2. Circular -0.316 0.429 -0.57 0.60
Table 4.3 Variation in plate stresses value (With respect to moments alongmention axis)
S.NO TYPE OFTANK
MX (KNm/m) MY (KNm/m)
Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
1. Rectangular -103.2 94.1 -100 88.2
2. Circular -90.3 58 90 57
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Comparisons on basis of (Shear force and bending moment behave ofwhole structure)
RECTANGULAR TANK-
Figure 12 (a) Bending moment and shear force behaviourCIRCULAR TANK-
Figure 12 (b) Bending moment and shear force behavior
Design calculations of above comparisons by using GSDMAguidelines
RECTANGULAR TANK-
As Shown In Stage 1 (Note Only Data Changed)
CIRCULAR TANK-
As Shown In Stage 1 (Note Only Data Changed)
Comparisons on basis of Quantity (Concrete+Steel)
Stage wise- stage 3 (mention in 3.5 methodology)
Let’s compare the value of in Zone V with respect to (4.6)
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Table 4.13(a) Results showing comparisons in concrete quantity
Table 4.13(b) Results showing comparisons in steel quantity
Comparisons on basis of Quantity (Base shear, base moment & timeperiod)
Let’s compare the value of in Zone V with respect to (4.6.1)
Figure 4.13 (C) Results showing comparisons in base shear
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Figure 4.13(d) Results showing comparisons in base moment/overturning moment
Figure 4.13(e) Results showing comparisons in time period
Comparisons on basis of stresses (Plate stress values)
Figure 14 Plate stress value for bottom plate of rectangular tank in SX (local)direction (n/mm2)
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Figure 15 Plate stress value for bottom plate of rectangular tank in SY (local)direction (N/MM2)
Figure 16 Plate stress value for bottom plate of circular tank in SX (local)direction (N/mm2)
Figure 17 Plate stress value for bottom plate of circular tank in SY (local)direction (N/mm2)
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MOMENT VARIATION ALONG LOCAL AXIS IS SHOWN BELOW
Figure 18 Moments value for bottom plate of rectangular tank in mx (local)direction (KNm/m)
Figure 19 Moments value for bottom plate of rectangular tank in my(local)direction (KNm/m)
Figure 20 Moments value for bottom plate of circular tank in mx (local) direction(KNm/m)
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Figure 21 Moments value for bottom plate of circular tank in my(local) direction(KNm/m)
Table 4.4 Variation in plate stresses value (Final value)
S. NO TYPE OFTANK
SQX (N/MM2
) SQY (N/MM2
)
Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
1. Rectangular -0.138 0.189 -0.018 0.159
2. Circular -0.316 0.429 -0.57 0.60
Table 4.5 Variation in plate stresses value (With respe mention axis)
S. NO TYPE OFTANK
MX (KNm/m) MY (KNm/m)
Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
1. Rectangular -103.2 94.1 -100 88.2
2. Circular -90.3 58 90 57
In above figures or table we can clearly see that even after changed bracing from 3 to 4.5 mts there is no change
in stresses or moment along axis, reason behind it is that staging/bracing height has no connections regarding
bottom of slab of tank it is connected or regarded with columns positions and total height of the tanks, so its final
implementation doesn’t affect the stresses or moment behaviour of tank.
Comparisons on basis of (Shear force and bending moment behave ofwhole structure)
RECTANGULAR TANK-
Figure 22 (a) Rectangular tank Bending moment and shear force behaviourCIRCULAR TANK-
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Figure 22 (b) Circular tank Bending moment and shear force behavior
Comparisons on basis of reactions acting on columns end after appliedloading condition (GLOBAL Y)
STAGE WISE-STAGE- 1
RECTANGULAR TANK-
CIRCULAR TANK-
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STAGE-2 RECTANGULAR TANK-
RECTANGULAR TANK-
CIRCULAR TANK-
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STAGE-3
RECTANGULAR TANK-
CIRCULAR TANK-
CONLUSIONS
In this study we have studied the behaviour of
(Elevated Service Reservoir) of type Rectangular &
Circular tank in earthquake Zone V in India. Now in
this after analysedtank with above mention stages i.e.
(Stage1-2-3). In this dynamic analysis is done and
various comparison is been carried out by software
and manual implementation by using GSDMA
guidelines showed in section( Chapter 4) and
maximum cases aretakenfor comparisons. The results
were analysed in earthquake zone V. Now according
to above analysis and results we found some basics
and important conclusions shown below
STAGE WISE – STAGE 01
In this acc. To 1st
stage results by using circular
column, we compare it firstbyquantityestimation,
we get concrete and steel quantities obtained in
case of rectangular water tank were more than
those needed for circular tank in this case.
Secondly by comparison on basis of Base shear,
overturning moment and time period, we get
lesser values in circular tank with respect to
rectangulartank.
Next is bycomparingmost criticalsectionofwater
tank i.e. at bottom ofbaseslab, here we analyzed it
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by plate stresses concept of minimum and
maximum conditions, we get the least stresses
and moments in circular tank with respect to
rectangular tanks in corner stages.
According to reactions acting on column (4.6.4),
one change is occur in caseof comparisons here in
circular case acc to our arrangements and design
we have 5 columns and in rectangular 9 columns,
so due to distribution of loadacting on columns,
here rectangular tankhas less no od reactions with
respectto circular tanks.
Finallywhole part of both the tanks, we compared
it according to Shear forceand bending moment
diagram, here we get less behaviour of shear and
bending in case of circular with respect to
rectsngular tanks
STAGE WISE – STAGE 02
In this acc. to 2nd
stage results by replacing
circular column to rectangular columns, we
compare it first by quantity estimation, we get
concrete and steel quantities needed for the
rectangular water tank were more than those
needed for circular tank in this case.(NO
CHANGE)
Secondly by comparison on basis of Base shear,
overturning moment and time period, we get
lesser values in circular tank with respect to
rectangulartank.
Next is bycomparingmost criticalsectionofwater
tank i.e. at bottom ofbaseslab, here we analyzed it
by plate stresses concept of minimum and
maximum conditions, we get the least stresses
and moments in circular tank with respect to
rectangular tanks.
According to reactions acting on column (4.6.4),
one change is occur in caseof comparisons here in
circular case acc to our arrangements and design
we have 5 columns and in rectangular 9 columns,
so due to distribution of loadacting on columns,
here rectangular tankhas less no od reactions with
respectto circular tanks( Same as shown in stage
01)
Finallywhole part of both the tanks, we compared
it according to Shear forceand bending moment
diagram, here we get less behavior of shear and
bending in case of circular with respect to
rectangular tanks.
STAGE WISE – STAGE 03
In this acc. to 3rd stage results by replacing 3.5
mtzs bracings to 4.5 mts usingcircular columns,
we compare it first by quantity estimation, we get
concrete and steel quantities needed for the
rectangular water tank were more than those
needed for circular tank in this case.
Secondly by comparison on basis of Base shear,
overturning moment and time period, we get
lesser values in circular tank with respect to
rectangulartank.
Next is bycomparingmost criticalsectionofwater
tank i.e. at bottom ofbaseslab, here we analyzed it
by plate stresses concept of minimum and
maximum conditions, we get the least stresses
and moments in circular tank with respect to
rectangular tanks in corner stages.
According to reactions acting on column (4.6.4),
one change is occur in caseof comparisons here in
circular case acc to our arrangements and design
we have 5 columns and in rectangular 9 columns,
so due to distribution of loadacting on columns,
here rectangular tank has less number of reactions
with respect to circular tanks( Same as shown in
stage 03)
Finallywhole part of both the tanks, we compared
it according to Shear forceand bending moment
diagram, here we get less behavior of shear and
bending in case of circular with respect to
rectangular tanks.
FUTURE SCOPE
Permeable
The objective of taking comparative study of water
tanks (E.S.R) is to check or provide which tank is
feasible according to todays need. Water tanks are
useful for various purposes like resorts, villages,
society scheme and many more etc. During my
internship period I have also designed a tank in
khawasa (M.P.) in resort for tourism activity, which I
shown below. And as we seen in most of the
earthquake prone areas there is lot of destruction due
to higher ritcher scale, so to sort out this problems
complete analysis is done by mention software and
manually with guidelines mention above.
Future Scope
Design is done by STAAD PRO software V8i
and complete analysis is donewith respect to IS
codes(relevant)
In this I have considered zone V so in future it
could be compared for otherearthquake zone and
check it feasibility.
Replacing earthquake with wind zone is also a
check for future optimistic.
Different approach to study done.
Again different position of bracing beams,
sizes and varying height andcapacity should be
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taken in future scope to check what kind of
changes occur.
Bring innovation in systems for the analysis and
design of structures.
REFERENCES
[1] A.D.V.S. Uma Maheshwari, B. Sravani,
“Performance of Elevated Circular Water Tank
in Different Seismic Zones.” International
Journal For Technological Research In
Engineering” Volume 3, Issue 5, January-2016
[2] Ayaz Hussain M. Jabra, H. S. Patel “Seismic
Behavior of Elevated Water Tank Under
Different Staging Pattern and Earthquake
Characteristics”. International Journal of
Advanced Engineering Research and Studies
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