Lecture 5 in the COMP 4010 class on Augmented and Virtual Reality. This lecture was about AR Interaction and Prototyping methods. Taught by Mark Billinghurst on August 24th 2021 at the University of South Australia.
The final lecture in the 2021 COMP 4010 class on AR/VR. This lecture summarizes some more research directions and trends in AR and VR. This lecture was taught by Mark Billinghurst on November 2nd 2021 at the University of South Australia
Lecture 11 of the COMP 4010 class on Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality. This lecture is about VR applications and was taught by Mark Billinghurst on October 19th 2021 at the University of South Australia
Lecture 6 on the COMP4010 course on AR/VR. This lecture describes prototyping tools for developing interactive prototypes for AR experiences. The lecture was taught on August 31st 2020 by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia
Lecture 12 in the COMP 4010 course on AR/VR. This lecture was about research directions in AR/VR and in particular display research. This was taught by Mark Billinghurst on September 26th 2021 at the University of South Australia.
A lecture give on AR Tehchnology taught as part of the COMP 4010 course on AR/VR. This lecture was taught by Mark Billinghurst on August 10th 2021 at the University of South Australia.
Keynote speech given by Mark Billinghurst at the ISS 2022 conference. Presented on November 22nd, 2022. This keynote outlines some research opportunities in the Metaverse.
Lecture 5 in the 2022 COMP 4010 lecture series. This lecture is about AR prototyping tools and techniques. The lecture was given by Mark Billinghurst from University of South Australia in 2022.
Lecture 2 in the 2022 COMP 4010 Lecture series on AR/VR and XR. This lecture is about human perception for AR/VR/XR experiences. This was taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia in 2022.
The final lecture in the 2021 COMP 4010 class on AR/VR. This lecture summarizes some more research directions and trends in AR and VR. This lecture was taught by Mark Billinghurst on November 2nd 2021 at the University of South Australia
Lecture 11 of the COMP 4010 class on Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality. This lecture is about VR applications and was taught by Mark Billinghurst on October 19th 2021 at the University of South Australia
Lecture 6 on the COMP4010 course on AR/VR. This lecture describes prototyping tools for developing interactive prototypes for AR experiences. The lecture was taught on August 31st 2020 by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia
Lecture 12 in the COMP 4010 course on AR/VR. This lecture was about research directions in AR/VR and in particular display research. This was taught by Mark Billinghurst on September 26th 2021 at the University of South Australia.
A lecture give on AR Tehchnology taught as part of the COMP 4010 course on AR/VR. This lecture was taught by Mark Billinghurst on August 10th 2021 at the University of South Australia.
Keynote speech given by Mark Billinghurst at the ISS 2022 conference. Presented on November 22nd, 2022. This keynote outlines some research opportunities in the Metaverse.
Lecture 5 in the 2022 COMP 4010 lecture series. This lecture is about AR prototyping tools and techniques. The lecture was given by Mark Billinghurst from University of South Australia in 2022.
Lecture 2 in the 2022 COMP 4010 Lecture series on AR/VR and XR. This lecture is about human perception for AR/VR/XR experiences. This was taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia in 2022.
Lecture 6 of the COMP 4010 course on AR/VR. This lecture is about designing AR systems. This was taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia on September 1st 2022.
Lecture 1 for the 2022 COMP 4010 course on AR and VR. This course was taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia in 2022. This lecture provides an introduction to AR, VR and XR.
keynote speech by Mark Billinghurst at the Workshop on Transitional Interfaces in Mixed and Cross-Reality, at the ACM ISS 2021 Conference. Given on November 14th 2021
Lecture 8 of the COMP 4010 course taught at the University of South Australia. This lecture provides and introduction to VR technology. Taught by Mark Billinghurst on September 14th 2021 at the University of South Australia.
Lecture 9 of the COMP 4010 course in AR/VR from the University of South Australia. This was taught by Mark Billinghurst on October 5th, 2021. This lecture describes VR input devices, VR systems and rapid prototyping tools.
Lecture 2 of the COMP 4010 class on AR/VR. This lecture is about the human perception system. This lecture was given on August 3rd 2021 by Mark Billinghurst from the University of South Australia.
Lecture 4 in the 2022 COMP 4010 lecture series on AR/VR. This lecture is about AR Interaction techniques. This was taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia in 2022.
Lecture 7 from the COMP 4010 class on AR and VR. This lecture was about Designing AR systems. It was taught on September 7th 2021 by Mark Billinghurst from the University of South Australia.
Lecture 11 of the COMP 4010 class on Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality. This lecture is about VR applications and was taught by Mark Billinghurst on October 19th 2021 at the University of South Australia
Lecture 10 in the COMP 4010 Lectures on AR/VR from the Univeristy of South Australia. This lecture is about VR Interface Design and Evaluating VR interfaces. Taught by Mark Billinghurst on October 12, 2021.
Advanced Methods for User Evaluation in AR/VR StudiesMark Billinghurst
Guest lecture on advanced methods of user evaluation in AR/VR studies. Given by Mark Billinghurst as part of the ARIVE lecture series hosted at the University of Otago. The lecture was given on August 26th 2021.
Lecture 3 from the COMP 4010 course and Virtual and Augmented Reality. This lecture is about VR tracking, input and systems. Taught on August 7th, 2018 by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia
Lecture 3 in the 2022 COMP 4010 lecture series on AR/VR. This lecture provides an introduction for AR Technology. This was taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia in 2022.
Lecture 1 of the COMP 4010 course on AR and VR. This lecture provides an introduction to AR/VR/MR/XR. The lecture was taught at the University of South Australia by Mark Billinghurst on July 21st 2021.
COMP4010 Lecture 4 - VR Technology - Visual and Haptic Displays. Lecture about VR visual and haptic display technology. Taught on August 16th 2016 by Mark Billinghurst from the University of South Australia
Empathic Computing: Developing for the Whole MetaverseMark Billinghurst
A keynote speech given by Mark Billinghurst at the Centre for Design and New Media at IIIT-Delhi. Given on June 16th 2022. This presentation is about how Empathic Computing can be used to develop for the entre range of the Metaverse.
Lecture 4 from the COMP 4010 course on AR/VR. This lecture reviews optical tracking for AR and starts discussion about interaction techniques. This was taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia on August 17th 2021.
Lecture 9 of the COMP 4010 course on AR/VR. This lecture is about AR Interaction methods. Taught on October 2nd 2018 by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia
Lecture 6 of the COMP 4010 course on AR/VR. This lecture is about designing AR systems. This was taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia on September 1st 2022.
Lecture 1 for the 2022 COMP 4010 course on AR and VR. This course was taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia in 2022. This lecture provides an introduction to AR, VR and XR.
keynote speech by Mark Billinghurst at the Workshop on Transitional Interfaces in Mixed and Cross-Reality, at the ACM ISS 2021 Conference. Given on November 14th 2021
Lecture 8 of the COMP 4010 course taught at the University of South Australia. This lecture provides and introduction to VR technology. Taught by Mark Billinghurst on September 14th 2021 at the University of South Australia.
Lecture 9 of the COMP 4010 course in AR/VR from the University of South Australia. This was taught by Mark Billinghurst on October 5th, 2021. This lecture describes VR input devices, VR systems and rapid prototyping tools.
Lecture 2 of the COMP 4010 class on AR/VR. This lecture is about the human perception system. This lecture was given on August 3rd 2021 by Mark Billinghurst from the University of South Australia.
Lecture 4 in the 2022 COMP 4010 lecture series on AR/VR. This lecture is about AR Interaction techniques. This was taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia in 2022.
Lecture 7 from the COMP 4010 class on AR and VR. This lecture was about Designing AR systems. It was taught on September 7th 2021 by Mark Billinghurst from the University of South Australia.
Lecture 11 of the COMP 4010 class on Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality. This lecture is about VR applications and was taught by Mark Billinghurst on October 19th 2021 at the University of South Australia
Lecture 10 in the COMP 4010 Lectures on AR/VR from the Univeristy of South Australia. This lecture is about VR Interface Design and Evaluating VR interfaces. Taught by Mark Billinghurst on October 12, 2021.
Advanced Methods for User Evaluation in AR/VR StudiesMark Billinghurst
Guest lecture on advanced methods of user evaluation in AR/VR studies. Given by Mark Billinghurst as part of the ARIVE lecture series hosted at the University of Otago. The lecture was given on August 26th 2021.
Lecture 3 from the COMP 4010 course and Virtual and Augmented Reality. This lecture is about VR tracking, input and systems. Taught on August 7th, 2018 by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia
Lecture 3 in the 2022 COMP 4010 lecture series on AR/VR. This lecture provides an introduction for AR Technology. This was taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia in 2022.
Lecture 1 of the COMP 4010 course on AR and VR. This lecture provides an introduction to AR/VR/MR/XR. The lecture was taught at the University of South Australia by Mark Billinghurst on July 21st 2021.
COMP4010 Lecture 4 - VR Technology - Visual and Haptic Displays. Lecture about VR visual and haptic display technology. Taught on August 16th 2016 by Mark Billinghurst from the University of South Australia
Empathic Computing: Developing for the Whole MetaverseMark Billinghurst
A keynote speech given by Mark Billinghurst at the Centre for Design and New Media at IIIT-Delhi. Given on June 16th 2022. This presentation is about how Empathic Computing can be used to develop for the entre range of the Metaverse.
Lecture 4 from the COMP 4010 course on AR/VR. This lecture reviews optical tracking for AR and starts discussion about interaction techniques. This was taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia on August 17th 2021.
Lecture 9 of the COMP 4010 course on AR/VR. This lecture is about AR Interaction methods. Taught on October 2nd 2018 by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia
COMP 4010 lecture on AR Interaction Design. Lecture given by Gun Lee at the University of South Australia on October 12th 2017, from slides prepared by Mark Billinghurst
Lecture 2 from a course on Mobile Based Augmented Reality Development taught by Mark Billinghurst and Zi Siang See on November 29th and 30th 2015 at Johor Bahru in Malaysia. This lecture provides an introduction to Mobile AR Technology. Look for the other 9 lectures in the course.
The third lecture from the Augmented Reality Summer School talk by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia, February 15th - 19th, 2016. This provides an overview of AR Interaction Techniques
Lecture 10 from a course on Mobile Based Augmented Reality Development taught by Mark Billinghurst and Zi Siang See on November 29th and 30th 2015 at Johor Bahru in Malaysia. This lecture provides an overview of research directions in Mobile AR. Look for the other 9 lectures in the course.
The fifth lecture from the Augmented Reality Summer School taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia, February 15th - 19th, 2016. This provides an overview of AR research directions.
A lecture on VR systems and graphics given as part of the COMP 4026 AR/VR class taught at the University of South Australia. This lecture was taught by Bruce Thomas on August 20th 2029.
Lecture 9 from a course on Mobile Based Augmented Reality Development taught by Mark Billinghurst and Zi Siang See on November 29th and 30th 2015 at Johor Bahru in Malaysia. This lecture describes principles for effective Interface Design for Mobile AR applications. Look for the other 9 lectures in the course.
Lecture on AR Interaction Techniques given by Mark Billinghurst on November 1st 2016 at the University of South Australia as part of the COMP 4010 course on VR.
Lecture 11 from the 2017 COMP 4010 course on AR and VR at the University of South Australia. This lecture was on AR applications and was taught by Mark Billinghurst on October 26th 2017.
Lecture prepared by Mark Billinghurst on Augmented Reality tracking. Taught on October 18th 2016 by Dr. Gun Lee as part of the COMP 4010 VR class at the University of South Australia.
COMP 4010 - Lecture 1: Introduction to Virtual RealityMark Billinghurst
Lecture 1 of the VR/AR class taught by Mark Billinghurst and Bruce Thomas at the University of South Australia. This lecture provides an introduction to VR and was taught on July 26th 2016.
COMP lecture 4 given by Bruce Thomas on August 16th 2017 at the University of South Australia about 3D User Interfaces for VR. Slides prepared by Mark Billinghurst.
A four lecture course on how to build AR and VR experiences using Unity, Google Cardboard VR SDK and Vuforia. Taught by Mark Billinghurst from May 10th - 13th, 2016 in XI'an, China
Similar to Comp4010 Lecture5 Interaction and Prototyping (20)
Keynote talk by Mark Billinghurst at the 9th XR-Metaverse conference in Busan, South Korea. The talk was given on May 20th, 2024. It talks about progress on achieving the Metaverse vision laid out in Neil Stephenson's book, Snowcrash.
These are slides from the Defence Industry event orgranized by the Australian Research Centre for Interactive and Virtual Environments (IVE). This was held on April 18th 2024, and showcased IVE research capabilities to the South Australian Defence industry.
This is a guest lecture given by Mark Billinghurst at the University of Sydney on March 27th 2024. It discusses some future research directions for Augmented Reality.
Presentation given by Mark Billinghurst at the 2024 XR Spring Summer School on March 7 2024. This lecture talks about different evaluation methods that can be used for Social XR/AR/VR experiences.
Empathic Computing: Delivering the Potential of the MetaverseMark Billinghurst
Invited guest lecture by Mark Billingurust given at the MIT Media Laboratory on November 21st 2023. This was given as part of Professor Hiroshi Ishii's class on Tangible Media
Talk to Me: Using Virtual Avatars to Improve Remote CollaborationMark Billinghurst
A talk given by Mark Billinging in the CLIPE workshop in Tubingen, Germant on April 27th 2023. This talk describes how virtual avatars can be used to support remote collaboration.
Empathic Computing: Designing for the Broader MetaverseMark Billinghurst
Keynote talk given by Mark Billinghurst at the CHI 2023 Workshop on Towards and Inclusive and Accessible Metaverse. The talk was given on April 23rd 2023.
Empathic Computing and Collaborative Immersive AnalyticsMark Billinghurst
Short talk by Mark Billinghurst on Empathic Computing and Collaborative Immersive Analytics, presented on July 28th 2022 at the Siggraph 2022 conference.
Lecture given by Mark Billinghurst on June 18th 2022 about how the Metaverse can be used for corporate training. In particular how combining AR, VR and other Metaverse elements can be used to provide new types of learning experiences.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
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- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
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We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
4. Common AR Optical Tracking Types
• Marker Tracking
• Tracking known artificial markers/images
• e.g. ARToolKit square markers
• Markerless Tracking
• Tracking from known features in real world
• e.g. Vuforia image tracking
• Unprepared Tracking
• Tracking in unknown environment
• e.g. SLAM tracking
5. Marker Tracking
• Available for more than 20 years
• Several open-source solutions exist
• ARToolKit, ARTag, ATK+, etc
• Fairly simple to implement
• Standard computer vision methods
• A rectangle provides 4 corner points
• Enough for pose estimation!
7. Natural Feature Tracking
• Use Natural Cues of Real Elements
• Edges
• Surface Texture
• Interest Points
• Model or Model-Free
• No visual pollution
Contours
Features Points
Surfaces
9. Detection and Tracking
Detection
Incremental
tracking
Tracking target
detected
Tracking target
lost
Tracking target
not detected
Incremental
tracking ok
Start
+ Recognize target type
+ Detect target
+ Initialize camera pose
+ Fast
+ Robust to blur, lighting changes
+ Robust to tilt
• Tracking and detection are complementary approaches.
• After successful detection, the target is tracked incrementally.
• If the target is lost, the detection is activated again
10. NFT – Real-time tracking
• Search for keypoints in the video image
• Create the descriptors
• Match the descriptors from the
live video against those in the database
• Remove the keypoints that are outliers
• Use the remaining keypoints
to calculate the pose of the camera
Keypoint detection
Descriptor creation
and matching
Outlier Removal
Pose estimation
and refinement
Camera Image
Pose
Recognition
12. Tracking from an Unknown Environment
• What to do when you don’t know any features?
• Very important problem in mobile robotics - Where am I?
• SLAM
• Simultaneously Localize And Map the environment
• Goal: to recover both camera pose and map structure
while initially knowing neither.
• Mapping:
• Building a map of the environment which the robot is in
• Localisation:
• Navigating this environment using the map while keeping
track of the robot’s relative position and orientation
13. Parallel Tracking and Mapping
Tracking Mapping
New keyframes
Map updates
+ Estimate camera pose
+ For every frame
+ Extend map
+ Improve map
+ Slow updates rate
Parallel tracking and mapping uses two
concurrent threads, one for tracking and one
for mapping, which run at different speeds
14. How SLAMWorks
• Three main steps
1. Tracking a set of points through successive camera frames
2. Using these tracks to triangulate their 3D position
3. Simultaneously use the estimated point locations to calculate
the camera pose which could have observed them
• By observing a sufficient number of points can solve for both
structure and motion (camera path and scene structure).
16. Combining Sensors andVision
• Sensors
• Produces noisy output (= jittering augmentations)
• Are not sufficiently accurate (= wrongly placed augmentations)
• Gives us first information on where we are in the world,
and what we are looking at
• Vision
• Is more accurate (= stable and correct augmentations)
• Requires choosing the correct keypoint database to track from
• Requires registering our local coordinate frame (online-
generated model) to the global one (world)
17. Example: Outdoor Hybrid Tracking
• Combines
• computer vision
• inertial gyroscope sensors
• Both correct for each other
• Inertial gyro
• provides frame to frame prediction of camera
orientation, fast sensing
• drifts over time
• Computer vision
• Natural feature tracking, corrects for gyro drift
• Slower, less accurate
18. ARKit – Visual Inertial Odometry
• Uses both computer vision + inertial sensing
• Tracking position twice
• Computer Vision – feature tracking, 2D plane tracking
• Inertial sensing – using the phone IMU
• Output combined via Kalman filter
• Determine which output is most accurate
• Pass pose to ARKit SDK
• Each system compliments the other
• Computer vision – needs visual features
• IMU - drifts over time, doesn’t need features
19. ARKit –Visual Inertial Odometry
• Slow camera
• Fast IMU
• If camera drops out IMU takes over
• Camera corrects IMU errors
21. Different Types of AR Interaction
1. Browsing Interfaces
• simple (conceptually!), unobtrusive
2. 3D AR Interfaces
• expressive, creative, require attention
3. Tangible Interfaces
• embedded into conventional environments
4. Tangible AR
• combines TUI input + AR display
5. Natural AR Interfaces
• interact with gesture, speech and gaze
22. 1. AR Interfaces as Data Browsers
• 2D/3D virtual objects are
registered in 3D
• “VR in Real World”
• Interaction
• 2D/3D virtual viewpoint control
• Applications
• Visualization, training
23. Example: Google Maps AR Mode
• AR Navigation Aid
• GPS + compass, 2D/3D object placement
24. Advantages and Disadvantages
• Important class of AR interfaces
• Wearable computers
• AR simulation, training
• Limited interactivity
• Modification of virtual
content is difficult
Rekimoto, et al. 1997
25. 2. 3D AR Interfaces
• Virtual objects displayed in 3D
physical space and manipulated
• HMDs and 6DOF head-tracking
• 6DOF hand trackers for input
• Interaction
• Viewpoint control
• Traditional 3D user interface interaction:
manipulation, selection, etc.
Kiyokawa, et al. 2000
26. Advantages and Disadvantages
• Important class of AR interfaces
• Entertainment, design, training
• Advantages
• User can interact with 3D virtual
object everywhere in space
• Natural, familiar interaction
• Disadvantages
• Usually no tactile feedback
• User has to use different devices
for virtual and physical objects
Oshima, et al. 2000
28. 3. Augmented Surfaces and Tangible Interfaces
• Basic principles
• Virtual images are projected
on a surface
• Physical objects are used as
controls for virtual objects
• Support for collaboration
Wellner, P. (1993). Interacting with paper on the
DigitalDesk. Communications of the ACM, 36(7), 87-96.
29. Augmented Surfaces
• Rekimoto, et al. 1999
• Front projection
• Marker-based tracking
• Multiple projection surfaces
• Object interaction
Rekimoto, J., & Saitoh, M. (1999, May). Augmented
surfaces: a spatially continuous work space for hybrid
computing environments. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI
conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems (pp. 378-385).
37. i/O Brush (Ryokai, Marti, Ishii) - 2004
Ryokai, K., Marti, S., & Ishii, H. (2004, April). I/O brush: drawing with everyday objects as ink.
In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (pp. 303-310).
39. Many Other Examples
• Triangles (Gorbert 1998)
• Triangular based story telling
• ActiveCube (Kitamura 2000-)
• Cubes with sensors
• Reactable (2007- )
• Cube based music interface
40. Lessons from Tangible Interfaces
• Physical objects make us smart
• Norman’s “Things that Make Us Smart”
• encode affordances, constraints
• Objects aid collaboration
• establish shared meaning
• Objects increase understanding
• serve as cognitive artifacts
41. But There are TUI Limitations
• Difficult to change object properties
• can’t tell state of digital data
• Limited display capabilities
• projection screen = 2D
• dependent on physical display surface
• Separation between object and display
• ARgroove – Interact on table, look at screen
42. Advantages and Disadvantages
•Advantages
• Natural - user’s hands are used for interacting
with both virtual and real objects.
• No need for special purpose input devices
•Disadvantages
• Interaction is limited only to 2D surface
• Full 3D interaction and manipulation is difficult
43. Orthogonal Nature of Interfaces
3D AR interfaces Tangible Interfaces
Spatial Gap No – Interaction is
Everywhere
Yes – Interaction is
only on 2D surfaces
Interaction Gap
Yes – separate
devices for physical
and virtual objects
No – same devices for
physical and virtual
objects
44. Orthogonal Nature of Interfaces
3D AR interfaces Tangible Interfaces
Spatial Gap No – Interaction is
Everywhere
Yes – Interaction is
only on 2D surfaces
Interaction Gap
Yes – separate
devices for physical
and virtual objects
No – same devices for
physical and virtual
objects
45. 4. Tangible AR: Back to the Real World
• AR overcomes display limitation of TUIs
• enhance display possibilities
• merge task/display space
• provide public and private views
• TUI + AR = Tangible AR
• Apply TUI methods to AR interface design
Billinghurst, M., Kato, H., & Poupyrev, I. (2008). Tangible augmented reality. ACM Siggraph Asia, 7(2), 1-10.
46. Space vs. Time - Multiplexed
• Space-multiplexed
• Many devices each with one function
• Quicker to use, more intuitive, clutter
• Real Toolbox
• Time-multiplexed
• One device with many functions
• Space efficient
• mouse
47. Tangible AR: Tiles (Space Multiplexed)
• Tiles semantics
• data tiles
• operation tiles
• Operation on tiles
• proximity
• spatial arrangements
• space-multiplexed
Poupyrev, I., Tan, D. S., Billinghurst, M., Kato, H., Regenbrecht, H., & Tetsutani, N. (2001,
July). Tiles: A Mixed Reality Authoring Interface. In Interact (Vol. 1, pp. 334-341).
51. Tangible AR: Time-multiplexed Interaction
• Use of natural physical object manipulations to control
virtual objects
• VOMAR Demo
• Catalog book:
• Turn over the page
• Paddle operation:
• Push, shake, incline, hit, scoop
Kato, H., Billinghurst, M., Poupyrev, I., Imamoto, K., & Tachibana, K. (2000, October). Virtual object manipulation on a table-top AR
environment. In Proceedings IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality (ISAR 2000) (pp. 111-119). IEEE.
54. Advantages and Disadvantages
•Advantages
• Natural interaction with virtual and physical tools
• No need for special purpose input devices
• Spatial interaction with virtual objects
• 3D manipulation with virtual objects anywhere in space
•Disadvantages
• Requires Head Mounted Display
55. 5. Natural AR Interfaces
• Goal:
• Interact with AR content the same
way we interact in the real world
• Using natural user input
• Body motion
• Gesture
• Gaze
• Speech
• Input recognition
• Nature gestures, gaze
• Multimodal input
FingARtips (2004)
Tinmith (2001)
56. External Fixed Cameras
• Overhead depth sensing camera
• Capture real time hand model
• Create point cloud model
• Overlay graphics on AR view
• Perform gesture interaction
Billinghurst, M., Piumsomboon, T., & Bai, H. (2014). Hands in space: Gesture interaction with
augmented-reality interfaces. IEEE computer graphics and applications, 34(1), 77-80.
58. Head Mounted Cameras
• Attach cameras/depth sensor to HMD
• Connect to high end PC
• Computer vision capture/processing on PC
• Perform tracking/gesture recognition on PC
• Use custom tracking hardware
• Leap Motion (Structured IR)
• Intel RealSense (Stereo depth)
Project NorthStar (2018)
Meta2 (2016)
62. Speech Input
• Reliable speech recognition
• Windows speech, Watson, etc.
• Indirect input with AR content
• No need for gesture
• Match with gaze/head pointing
• Look to select target
• Good for Quantitative input
• Numbers, text, etc.
• Keyword trigger
• “select”, ”hey cortana”, etc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHMkOpNUtR8
63. Eye Tracking Interfaces
• Use IR light to find gaze direction
• IR sources + cameras in HMD
• Support implicit input
• Always look before interact
• Natural pointing input
• Multimodal Input
• Combine with gesture/speech
Camera
IR light
IR view
Processed image
Hololens 2
65. Evolution of AR Interfaces
Tangible AR
Tangible input
AR overlay
Direct interaction
Natural AR
Freehand gesture
Speech, gaze
Tangible UI
Augmented surfaces
Object interaction
Familiar controllers
Indirect interaction
3D AR
3D UI
Dedicated
controllers
Custom devices
Browsing
Simple input
Viewpoint control
Expressiveness, Intuitiveness
67. Interaction Design
“Designing interactive products to support
people in their everyday and working lives”
Preece, J., (2002). Interaction Design
• Design of User Experience with Technology
68. Bill Verplank on Interaction Design
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gk6XAmALOWI
69. •Interaction Design involves answering three questions:
•What do you do? - How do you affect the world?
•What do you feel? – What do you sense of the world?
•What do you know? – What do you learn?
Bill Verplank
70. Typical Interaction Design Cycle
Develop alternative prototypes/concepts and compare them, And iterate, iterate, iterate....
82. Tom Chi’s Prototyping Rules
1. Find the quickest path to experience
2. Doing is the best kind of thinking
3. Use materials that move at the speed of
thought to maximize your rate of learning
83. How can we quickly prototype
XR experiences with little or no
coding?
91. Advantages/Disadvantages
Prototype Advantages Disadvantages
Low-fidelity
prototype
- low developmental cost
- evaluate multiple
design concepts
- limited error checking
- navigational and flow
limitations
High-fidelity
prototype
- fully interactive
- look and feel of final
product
- clearly defined
navigational scheme
- more expensive to develop
- time consuming to build
- developers are reluctant to
change something they have
crafted for hours
98. Buxton’s Key Attributes of Sketching
• Quick
• Work at speed of thought
• Timely
• Always available
• Disposable
• Inexpensive, little investment
• Plentiful
• Easy to iterate
• A catalyst
• Evokes conversations
106. Wireframes
It’s about
- Functional specs
- Navigation and interaction
- Functionality and layout
- How interface elements work together
- Defining the interaction flow/experience
Leaving room for the design to be created
117. Microsoft Maquette
•Prototype AR/VR interfaces from inside VR
•3D UI for spatial prototyping
•Bring content into Unity with plug-in
•Javascript support
119. Scene Assembly In AR
• Many tools for creating AR scenes
• Drag and drop your assets
• Develop on web, publish to mobile
• Examples
• Catchoom - CraftAR
• Blippar - Blipbuilder
• ARloopa - Arloopa studio
• Wikitude - Wikitude studio
• Zappar - ZapWorks Designer
120. CraftAR
•Web-based AR marker tracking
•Add 3D models, video, images to real print content
•Simple drag and drop interface
•Cloud based image recognition
•https://catchoom.com/augmented-reality-craftar/
127. AR Prototyping with Layers
● Separate world-stabilized and head stabilized
○ Draw world stabilized on background paper
○ Draw head stabilized on transparent plastic
● Simulate Field of View of AR HMD
Lauber, F., Böttcher, C., & Butz, A. (2014, September). Papar: Paper prototyping for augmented reality. In Adjunct Proceedings
of the 6th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (pp. 1-6).
FOV in Red
Head Stabilized - Foreground
World Stabilized - Background
128. Example: Mobile AR Prototyping
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hrbflbct99o
138. Video Sketching
• Process
• Capture elements of real world
• Use series of still photos/sketches in a movie format.
• Act out using the product
• Benefits
• Demonstrates the product experience
• Discover where concept needs fleshing out.
• Communicate experience and interface
• You can use whatever tools you want, e.g. iMovie.
143. Tvori - Animating AR/VR Interfaces
• Animation based AR/VR prototyping tool
• https://tvori.co/
• Key features
• Model input, animation, etc
• Export 360 images and video
• Simulate AR views
• Multi-user support
• Present in VR
• Create VR executable