The document describes a community-based vulnerability assessment of flood risk reduction in central Mozambique. It discusses using participatory mapping and scoring exercises with local communities to identify vulnerability factors and map risk zones, settlements, and other features. Key findings included that communities prioritized different vulnerability factors for floods versus droughts, and that transportation, health services, and education were generally highly ranked vulnerability factors. The goal was to facilitate vulnerability reduction at the local level through integration of community input into mapping and decision-making.

1. Second UN-SPIDER Workshop
October 13 – 15, 2008
Bonn, Germany
Community based vulnerability
assessment
The case of flood risk reduction in Central
Mozambique
Stefan Kienberger
Centre for Geoinformatics | Salzburg University | www.zgis.at
Stefan Kienberger | Researcher | stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

2. Mozambique - Hazards
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

3. Flood 2000: Impressions
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

4. Disaster Risk Reduction in
Mozambique
 Strong support through INGC (=national authority
responsible for disaster risk reduction, response &
relief)
 Decentralisation efforts  disaster risk reduction
measures done at the district/community level
 Specific role of traditional communities
 National/international policies and ‚experiences‘
ask for community integration, support &
participation
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

5. SIDPABB - Community based
early warning system Búzi
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

6. Elements
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at
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7. Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at
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8. Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at
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9. Case study area: Búzi
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

10. Vulnerability mapping at the
community level
 Get an understanding of vulnerabilities to
floods/droughts in communities
 Facilitate and enhance the process of
vulnerability reduction at the community level
 Integration of PRA practices
 Provide maps for enhanced decision making
 Identify indicators for the specific area of
interest to allow further investigation about the
spatial characteristic of vulnerability
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

11. Spatial scale of vulnerability
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

12. Workflow
Vulnerability Prioritisation
Community Mapping
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

13. PRA
Community Mapping
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

14. Field Work
Mapping exercise
 Working with Quickbird satellite imagery (resolution
~0,6m)
 Identify/Mark important features and get an
understanding of the community
 Risk zones (as perceived by the community)
 Populated areas (settlements)
 Agricultural zones
 Critical infrastructure
 Boundaries
 …
 Additional collection of locations with GPS device
(photographs)
 2 copies  one remained, one with me
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

15. Community mapping
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

16. Community mapping
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

17. Community mapping
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

18. Community mapping
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

19. Vulnerability prioritisation
 Get an understanding of the driving forces
from a perspective of the communities (3
communities)
 Quantification of factors (Scoring, ‚Delphi
exercise‘,…)
 With beans, …
 Within hazard itself (drought and flood) (40)
 Comparing hazards (10)
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

20. Vulnerability scoring
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

21. Vulnerability scoring
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

22. Vulnerability scoring
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

23. Vulnerability scoring
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

24. Results
Vulnerability Map
Satellite Map &
District Map
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

25. ‚Vulnerability‘ map
Map elements:
- Main map: Community map
- Land Use/Land Cover
- Community Infrastructure (water wells, markets,
disaster response kit,…)
- Settlement area
- Risk Zones (community identified)
- Small map: Surrounding area
- Satellite Map
- Infrastructure
- Flood extend year 2000
- Additional information
- Legend
- Results of vulnerability identification
- Analysis on exposure
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

26. ‚Vulnerability‘ map
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

27. ‚Vulnerability‘ map
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

28. ‚Vulnerability‘ map
Small map: Surrounding area
- Community location
- Accomodation centres (yr 2000)
- Flood extend yr 2000
- Health facilities
- Markets
- Streets
- Major villages
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

29. ‚Vulnerability‘ map
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

30. ‚Vulnerability‘ map
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

31. Satellite map
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

32. Satellite map
Georeferenced
photos of
characteristic
community features
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

33. Outlook: District Level
-Identification of vulnerability indicators
- integration of RS and census data
- Weighting of indicators according to ‚expert knowledge‘
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

34. Requirements
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

35. Conclusions & Challenges
 Targeting the planning, decision making process, within the
communities through the integration of maps as planning
instruments
 Identification of gaps between the perceptions of
experts, stakeholders and (affected) community members
 Awareness about geospatial products at all levels
needed
 Integration of ‘participatory’ maps within NSDI an open
issue
 ‘Disaster Risk Reduction’  data access as within
response phase?
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

36. Thank YOU very much!
http://projects.stefankienberger.at/vulmoz/
Contact:
stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at
www.uni-salzburg.at/zgis/kienberger
Acknowledgments:
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

37. Major findings
Vulnerability prioritisation
Significant difference between prioritisation of flood vs
drought  small distance
General factors (highly ranked)
Transport (Avg. 4,5; Std Dev. 2,5)
Lack of health services (Avg. 3,3; Std Dev. 2,5)
Lack of education (Avg. 4,5; Std Dev. 1,8)
Floods (highly ranked) Droughts (highly ranked)
Destruction of dams (Avg. 8; Std Lack of irrigation system (Avg. 9,6;
Dev. 2,8) Std Dev. 0,5)
Lack of dam management (Avg. 6; Uncontrolled fire (Avg. 3; Std Dev.
Std Dev. 2,2) 0,8)
Living in flood zones (Avg. 6; Std Lack of rainfall (Avg. 3; Std Dev.
Dev. 2,2) 1,4)
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at

38. Vulnerability assessment
Vulnerability is the intrinsic and dynamic feature of an element at risk
(community, region, state, infrastructure, environment etc.) that
determines the expected damage/harm resulting from a given
hazardous event and is often even affected by the harmful event itself. V.
changes continuously over time and is driven by physical, social,
economic and environmental factors. (UNU-EHS)
Vulnerability assessments are policy and action oriented
with the overall objective to mitigate/avoid the
negative impacts of disasters
Centre for Geoinformatics – Salzburg University  www.zgis.at –  stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at