Environmental Legislation Case Studies IndiaIsha Sawant
case studies pertaining environmental legislation like the chipko movement, bhopal gas tragedy, narmada valley project, ecofeminism , delhi air pollution
Waste water treatment in Ganga river basin (Allahabad)Manoj Chaurasia
The topic'waste water treatment in Ganga river basin' discusses the reuse/reclamation concept of treated sewage, current status concerning to this at Allahabad(ganga river basin area). Bottlenecks and possible solutions for the purpose of reuse/reclamation are discussed.
Rivers of india ppt (1) by Bansi MadlaniBansiMadlani
This document discusses solutions to river pollution in India. It outlines various causes of river pollution including dumping, industrial waste, and agricultural run-off. Some solutions proposed include implementing waste water treatment, reducing plastic waste, improving stormwater management, adopting green agricultural practices, and enacting laws and regulations to control pollution. Community-level efforts like waste management programs, tree planting, and education campaigns are also suggested. Past government initiatives like the Ganga Action Plan aimed to address river pollution but more remains to be done to restore India's polluted rivers.
The document discusses challenges related to sanitation, drinking water, and related infrastructure in India. It proposes solutions through public-private partnerships to build decentralized sewage treatment plants, incentivize rainwater harvesting, and establish public toilet hubs and portable toilets. Key opportunities include treating wastewater for reuse, increasing groundwater levels, and utilizing rainwater. Challenges include mixing of wastewater and sewage, water scarcity, and inadequate sanitation infrastructure and access. The solutions aim to address these through sustainable models.
This document provides an outline and summary of a presentation on water pollution in rivers, specifically focusing on the Ganga River. It discusses the causes of river pollution, types of water pollution, effects of pollution, actions individuals can take, a poem about the Ganga River, and conclusions with recommendations for the Ganga Action Plan to clean the river.
Safe Drinking Water and Proper Sanitation Facilities in India discusses the poor sanitation conditions in India. Only 30% of sewage water is treated, with the rest polluting water sources. 75% of surface water is polluted, largely due to untreated sewage. Solutions proposed include low-cost water purification methods like solar disinfection, spring boxes, and ecological sanitation toilets. Improving sanitation requires raising awareness, providing affordable options, and monitoring programs.
Pune’s Trash Solution: A Zero Waste City (by Kunal Kumar, Municipal Commissio...NITI Aayog
This document summarizes Kunal Kumar's presentation on Pune's approach to zero waste management. Some key points:
- Pune generates around 1600 tons of solid waste per day and collects waste door-to-door using 160 trucks.
- Their integrated waste management approach focuses on segregation at source, decentralized processing, and scientific disposal.
- Best practices include integrating the informal sector, biomethanation plants, mandatory on-site disposal for new developments, and an app for citizen complaints.
- The goal is to become a zero garbage city through increasing awareness, promoting recycling and composting, and developing comprehensive centralized processing.
Environmental Legislation Case Studies IndiaIsha Sawant
case studies pertaining environmental legislation like the chipko movement, bhopal gas tragedy, narmada valley project, ecofeminism , delhi air pollution
Waste water treatment in Ganga river basin (Allahabad)Manoj Chaurasia
The topic'waste water treatment in Ganga river basin' discusses the reuse/reclamation concept of treated sewage, current status concerning to this at Allahabad(ganga river basin area). Bottlenecks and possible solutions for the purpose of reuse/reclamation are discussed.
Rivers of india ppt (1) by Bansi MadlaniBansiMadlani
This document discusses solutions to river pollution in India. It outlines various causes of river pollution including dumping, industrial waste, and agricultural run-off. Some solutions proposed include implementing waste water treatment, reducing plastic waste, improving stormwater management, adopting green agricultural practices, and enacting laws and regulations to control pollution. Community-level efforts like waste management programs, tree planting, and education campaigns are also suggested. Past government initiatives like the Ganga Action Plan aimed to address river pollution but more remains to be done to restore India's polluted rivers.
The document discusses challenges related to sanitation, drinking water, and related infrastructure in India. It proposes solutions through public-private partnerships to build decentralized sewage treatment plants, incentivize rainwater harvesting, and establish public toilet hubs and portable toilets. Key opportunities include treating wastewater for reuse, increasing groundwater levels, and utilizing rainwater. Challenges include mixing of wastewater and sewage, water scarcity, and inadequate sanitation infrastructure and access. The solutions aim to address these through sustainable models.
This document provides an outline and summary of a presentation on water pollution in rivers, specifically focusing on the Ganga River. It discusses the causes of river pollution, types of water pollution, effects of pollution, actions individuals can take, a poem about the Ganga River, and conclusions with recommendations for the Ganga Action Plan to clean the river.
Safe Drinking Water and Proper Sanitation Facilities in India discusses the poor sanitation conditions in India. Only 30% of sewage water is treated, with the rest polluting water sources. 75% of surface water is polluted, largely due to untreated sewage. Solutions proposed include low-cost water purification methods like solar disinfection, spring boxes, and ecological sanitation toilets. Improving sanitation requires raising awareness, providing affordable options, and monitoring programs.
Pune’s Trash Solution: A Zero Waste City (by Kunal Kumar, Municipal Commissio...NITI Aayog
This document summarizes Kunal Kumar's presentation on Pune's approach to zero waste management. Some key points:
- Pune generates around 1600 tons of solid waste per day and collects waste door-to-door using 160 trucks.
- Their integrated waste management approach focuses on segregation at source, decentralized processing, and scientific disposal.
- Best practices include integrating the informal sector, biomethanation plants, mandatory on-site disposal for new developments, and an app for citizen complaints.
- The goal is to become a zero garbage city through increasing awareness, promoting recycling and composting, and developing comprehensive centralized processing.
The document discusses the poor condition of rivers in India, specifically the Yamuna River. It notes that while river action plans have been in place for 22 years, the quality of the rivers remains poor. The Yamuna River fails to meet standards for bathing in several stretches due to high levels of fecal coliform and low dissolved oxygen. Despite sewage treatment plants being built, untreated sewage continues to be discharged into drains leading to the river. A new approach is needed that focuses on reducing water usage and waste, treating sewage closer to the source, and reusing treated water.
The document discusses issues related to drinking water and sanitation in India. It notes that about 70% of the population lacks basic sanitation and 226 million people lack access to safe drinking water. Some of the proposed solutions discussed include seeking new water sources, reducing demand from agriculture/industry, recycling grey water, and implementing low-cost sanitation systems with community involvement. The solutions could help provide access to clean drinking water and sanitation for many but also face challenges like social acceptance and proper treatment of wastewater. Mitigation strategies and continued education efforts are needed.
Environment and Health Status in Urban and Rural IndiaGAURAV. H .TANDON
Rural and urban areas in India face significant issues with water access and sanitation. In rural areas, most people lack piped water access and must collect water from sources like open wells or hand pumps, often spending significant time fetching water. Water quality is also an issue, with problems like arsenic contamination affecting millions of people. Sanitation infrastructure is similarly lacking, with most rural Indians practicing open defecation. In urban areas, piped supplies are unreliable and many cities face severe water shortages. Water theft and leakage exacerbate the problems in urban water systems. Overall, access to clean drinking water and sanitation remains inadequate in both rural and urban India.
The document discusses India's sanitation issues and proposes solutions. Over 806 million Indians lack access to adequate sanitation, and open defecation is a major problem. This leads to health issues like diarrhea that kill over 186,000 children annually. Some solutions proposed include providing free toilets in rural areas, a common drainage system to connect toilets, collecting solid and liquid waste to produce biogas and electricity using Nisargruna technology, and mobile toilets in dense urban areas to reduce open defecation. A central ministry is also suggested to oversee sanitation programs and maintenance.
The Ganges River in India is severely polluted due to human and industrial waste. Over 200 million liters of untreated sewage and other pollutants are dumped into the river daily, causing widespread diseases in people who use the river water. Local Hindu people continue bathing and drinking from the river out of religious belief, despite the health risks. Solutions proposed to clean the river include wastewater treatment plants, bio-gas crematoriums, and campaigns to raise awareness of the pollution problems.
The document discusses water pollution issues affecting two major rivers in Asia: the Ganges River in India and the Yangtze River in China. It describes how both rivers, though culturally significant, have become heavily polluted due to waste from nearby populated areas and industries. This pollution has led to increased waterborne diseases and environmental damage in the form of declining fish populations and algae overgrowth. Some efforts have been made to address this through water treatment facilities, but continuing population growth and industrial/agricultural runoff have hampered full cleanup.
A presentation by David Fairbank for World Environment Day 2010 at Universal Peace Federation - UK. (Actually night before World Environment Day) 6:30 pm June 4th 2010 - 43 Lancaster Gate, London W2 3NA.
For More Information www.uk.upf.org
This document discusses rural water supply systems in India. It describes centralized and decentralized water supply systems. Decentralized systems are preferred for rural areas as they have lower costs, distribute water closer to the source, and are easier to maintain. Specific decentralized technologies discussed include biosand filters and chlorination. The document also examines a case study of water supply challenges in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra and how the Jalswarajya project improved access to safe drinking water for many villages in the area.
Characterization of Wastewater in Rajouri Town, Jammu And Kashmir, IndiaIJERA Editor
Water exaggerated physically, chemically as well as biologically is known as wastewater. Thrown away process
of solid waste and its treatment has been the foremost environmental setback for most of the cities in India
especially in rural area. To make people aware about the level of contaminants in wastewater and to suggest the
ways of treatment of wastewater which will result in disposing off of domestic effluents without any danger to
human health, a study on characteristics of wastewater in Rajouri town in Jammu and Kashmir was conducted.
Concentrations of various physicochemical parameters like Total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, Turbidity,
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD), Alkalinity, Hardness Chloride
Content, Nitrogen, Ammonium, Phosphorous, Iron and E-coli bacteria were determined. Study was done on five
different sampling locations. All the parameters were found to be generally exceeding the limits set by W.H.O
except for few sampling locations. The sampling site which was found to be the most polluted was Muradpur
(SL 5) thus affecting the population there because of being on the downstream side and the least affected site
was Kheora (SL2). In some sampling stations due to presence of vegetation at the disposal sites, the quality of
sewage to some extent are acceptable may be because the vegetation absorb some of its undesirable constituents.
To treat this wastewater and make it suitable for various purposes like irrigation, vegetation and other domestic
purposes a treatment plant which will benefit population of 37,552 souls. Construction of wetlands will also lead
to effective treatment and management of wastewater.
The document discusses solutions for providing clean drinking water and sanitation in India. It outlines several proposed models, including establishing reverse osmosis plants at the community level with funding from CSR initiatives or PPPs. Desalination plants along coastal areas and household solutions like chlorination or ceramic filters are also proposed. To address open defecation, the document recommends SHG-managed public toilets, ecosan toilets, and extensive awareness programs in schools and through media. Financial support could come from CSR, communities, or the state depending on the solution. Sustainability and persuading industries are obstacles to these solutions.
This proposal discusses solid waste management in three key areas:
1) It defines solid waste and discusses its sources and impacts. Improper management poses risks like bacterial contamination, toxic contamination, and air pollution.
2) It outlines objectives to improve solid waste management including achieving 90% waste collection efficiency within 30 months through monitoring, coordination, and facilitating improved practices.
3) It discusses several solid waste management methods like recycling, composting, and sanitary landfilling and their environmental benefits compared to open dumping and burning. The proposal is presented to a professor and seeks to improve local solid waste management over three years.
SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES IN WATER SUPPLY & SANITATIONRAMSIDDARTHAN .
1. The document discusses sustainable strategies for water supply and sanitation. It covers various topics including the importance of water, different water sources, the hydrological cycle, water distribution on Earth, portable water, domestic water uses, water pollution, and improving water quality.
2. It also discusses sustainability, factors affecting water source sustainability, elements of sustainability, ground and surface water harvesting systems, and a support model for selecting sustainable structures.
3. The document provides information on sanitation challenges in India, definitions of sanitation, steps to solve sanitation problems, available sanitation technologies, criteria for selecting technologies, and strategies for successful sanitation projects in developing countries.
DEWATS Decentralized waste water treatment technologyRajneesh Gautam
This document presents a proposal for decentralized wastewater treatment in urban and rural areas. It discusses the increasing demand for water due to population growth and the opportunity to reuse 80% of water that becomes wastewater. The objectives are to study current sewage treatment, project future population and water demand, and design decentralized wastewater treatment plants. Calculations project Delhi's population to reach 28.6 million by 2025, increasing wastewater generation. The expected outcomes are analyzing the current sewage system and designing low-cost, low-energy decentralized plants suitable for any community. The conclusion is that decentralized plants providing reuse and recycling are more feasible than large centralized plants.
Community Managed DEWATS in Kathmandu Valley, NepalOswar Mungkasa
Prepared by Freya Mills, Yasoda Shrestha and Luna Kansakar for Conference on DEWATS for Urban Environments in Asia, 25-28 May 2011 Crowne Plaza Galleria, Manila Philippines.
This document discusses issues related to water and sanitation in India. It notes that about 70% of the population lacks basic sanitation and access to safe drinking water, which costs India about 6.4% of its GDP annually. Several solutions are proposed, including seeking new water sources, reducing demand, recycling water, and improving sanitation through community-led programs. However, challenges remain in changing behaviors, ensuring access for all, and proper treatment of wastewater. Overall implementation will require increased infrastructure, education, community management, and addressing open defecation and lack of toilet use.
The document discusses rural water and sanitation models in India. It proposes a model where waste generated by rural communities is sent to a biogas treatment plant, producing biogas and fertilizer. The biogas is then converted to electricity, which is distributed to nearby villages. This provides rural areas with sanitation facilities and a renewable power source. Water availability can be an issue in rural areas, so portable generators may be used to pump water from bore wells. The model aims to create a sustainable system where waste is used to generate resources like power and fertilizer for the community.
The document discusses solid waste management challenges in Pakistan. It notes that solid waste generation is growing at 2.4% annually and averages 0.61 kg/person/day in cities. Food waste makes up 21.7% of solid waste composition on average. Most waste is improperly disposed through open dumping or burning. Only 52-69% of waste is collected in cities. The government aims to improve management through policies and a hospital waste plan, but more regulations and programs are still needed, especially in smaller towns. One example project piloted participatory management in a town through community organization, education, and improved collection infrastructure.
1. The document summarizes 5 days of an internship focused on sustainability topics. On day 1, the interns met with Mr. Elango Rangaswamy, who has dedicated his life to developing his village through innovations like solar power and more efficient stoves.
2. On day 2, the interns attended guest lectures on protecting water bodies and increasing tree planting.
3. Day 3 involved beach cleaning to raise awareness of environmental protection.
4. Day 4 included a visit to the Rain Centre to learn about rainwater harvesting techniques.
5. The final day featured a meeting with Mr. Jagannadhan to learn about organic farming practices.
Urban areas face many environmental problems due to high population density and lack of proper urban planning. Some of the key issues discussed are the development of slums due to migration of rural populations, improper management of solid waste leading to pollution, overexploitation of natural resources, lack of open spaces, and various types of pollution including air, noise, water pollution. Other problems discussed are violation of urban planning rules, water logging and drainage issues, high traffic problems, and increased temperatures due to urban heat island effect. The document uses Mumbai as a case study to highlight specific environmental issues affecting the city like shrinking mangroves, toxic air, pollution of lakes like Powai Lake, deaths of sea creatures, opposition to urban development plans,
Social and Environmental Assessment of Solid Waste Management Scenarios in Caliandrea_diaz7
This case study evaluates the municipal solid waste management system in Cali, Colombia. It aims to assess the social and environmental impacts of the current system and alternative scenarios using life cycle assessment (LCA) methods. Specifically, it applies social LCA (S-LCA) and environmental LCA (E-LCA) to measure impacts, identify hotspots, and evaluate four scenarios: 1) the current system of landfilling with no treatment, 2) landfilling with recycling, 3) sorting with composting, and 4) decentralized recycling with energy generation. Key challenges include developing S-LCA indicators and methods for this system and context, and determining the applicability and suitability of LCA approaches for measuring
This document discusses sustainable development with equity. It provides examples of how rapid economic growth has negatively impacted the environment and led to widespread inequalities. Specifically, overuse of natural resources like groundwater has led to depletion and pollution. Large development projects like dams have displaced people and destroyed livelihoods. The document argues for a more environmentally sustainable development model that considers both present and future generations as well as issues of social justice. It highlights some positive steps taken in India like organic farming initiatives, community-led solutions, and court rulings upholding environmental rights.
Community based monitoring as an accountability tool and related trends of ch...IPHIndia
Community based monitoring of health services in rural Maharashtra involves regular information collection in villages to track public health services. Village committees provide feedback to higher committees at the primary health center, block, district, and state levels. The process aims to develop community ownership over health services. Key monitoring processes include using booklets, health calendars, interviews, and medicine stock checks. Report cards are filled and displayed. Objective impacts found include stopping illegal charges, improved immunization coverage, and increased health center utilization. Overall, community based monitoring has contributed to significant improvements in rural health services.
The document discusses the poor condition of rivers in India, specifically the Yamuna River. It notes that while river action plans have been in place for 22 years, the quality of the rivers remains poor. The Yamuna River fails to meet standards for bathing in several stretches due to high levels of fecal coliform and low dissolved oxygen. Despite sewage treatment plants being built, untreated sewage continues to be discharged into drains leading to the river. A new approach is needed that focuses on reducing water usage and waste, treating sewage closer to the source, and reusing treated water.
The document discusses issues related to drinking water and sanitation in India. It notes that about 70% of the population lacks basic sanitation and 226 million people lack access to safe drinking water. Some of the proposed solutions discussed include seeking new water sources, reducing demand from agriculture/industry, recycling grey water, and implementing low-cost sanitation systems with community involvement. The solutions could help provide access to clean drinking water and sanitation for many but also face challenges like social acceptance and proper treatment of wastewater. Mitigation strategies and continued education efforts are needed.
Environment and Health Status in Urban and Rural IndiaGAURAV. H .TANDON
Rural and urban areas in India face significant issues with water access and sanitation. In rural areas, most people lack piped water access and must collect water from sources like open wells or hand pumps, often spending significant time fetching water. Water quality is also an issue, with problems like arsenic contamination affecting millions of people. Sanitation infrastructure is similarly lacking, with most rural Indians practicing open defecation. In urban areas, piped supplies are unreliable and many cities face severe water shortages. Water theft and leakage exacerbate the problems in urban water systems. Overall, access to clean drinking water and sanitation remains inadequate in both rural and urban India.
The document discusses India's sanitation issues and proposes solutions. Over 806 million Indians lack access to adequate sanitation, and open defecation is a major problem. This leads to health issues like diarrhea that kill over 186,000 children annually. Some solutions proposed include providing free toilets in rural areas, a common drainage system to connect toilets, collecting solid and liquid waste to produce biogas and electricity using Nisargruna technology, and mobile toilets in dense urban areas to reduce open defecation. A central ministry is also suggested to oversee sanitation programs and maintenance.
The Ganges River in India is severely polluted due to human and industrial waste. Over 200 million liters of untreated sewage and other pollutants are dumped into the river daily, causing widespread diseases in people who use the river water. Local Hindu people continue bathing and drinking from the river out of religious belief, despite the health risks. Solutions proposed to clean the river include wastewater treatment plants, bio-gas crematoriums, and campaigns to raise awareness of the pollution problems.
The document discusses water pollution issues affecting two major rivers in Asia: the Ganges River in India and the Yangtze River in China. It describes how both rivers, though culturally significant, have become heavily polluted due to waste from nearby populated areas and industries. This pollution has led to increased waterborne diseases and environmental damage in the form of declining fish populations and algae overgrowth. Some efforts have been made to address this through water treatment facilities, but continuing population growth and industrial/agricultural runoff have hampered full cleanup.
A presentation by David Fairbank for World Environment Day 2010 at Universal Peace Federation - UK. (Actually night before World Environment Day) 6:30 pm June 4th 2010 - 43 Lancaster Gate, London W2 3NA.
For More Information www.uk.upf.org
This document discusses rural water supply systems in India. It describes centralized and decentralized water supply systems. Decentralized systems are preferred for rural areas as they have lower costs, distribute water closer to the source, and are easier to maintain. Specific decentralized technologies discussed include biosand filters and chlorination. The document also examines a case study of water supply challenges in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra and how the Jalswarajya project improved access to safe drinking water for many villages in the area.
Characterization of Wastewater in Rajouri Town, Jammu And Kashmir, IndiaIJERA Editor
Water exaggerated physically, chemically as well as biologically is known as wastewater. Thrown away process
of solid waste and its treatment has been the foremost environmental setback for most of the cities in India
especially in rural area. To make people aware about the level of contaminants in wastewater and to suggest the
ways of treatment of wastewater which will result in disposing off of domestic effluents without any danger to
human health, a study on characteristics of wastewater in Rajouri town in Jammu and Kashmir was conducted.
Concentrations of various physicochemical parameters like Total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, Turbidity,
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD), Alkalinity, Hardness Chloride
Content, Nitrogen, Ammonium, Phosphorous, Iron and E-coli bacteria were determined. Study was done on five
different sampling locations. All the parameters were found to be generally exceeding the limits set by W.H.O
except for few sampling locations. The sampling site which was found to be the most polluted was Muradpur
(SL 5) thus affecting the population there because of being on the downstream side and the least affected site
was Kheora (SL2). In some sampling stations due to presence of vegetation at the disposal sites, the quality of
sewage to some extent are acceptable may be because the vegetation absorb some of its undesirable constituents.
To treat this wastewater and make it suitable for various purposes like irrigation, vegetation and other domestic
purposes a treatment plant which will benefit population of 37,552 souls. Construction of wetlands will also lead
to effective treatment and management of wastewater.
The document discusses solutions for providing clean drinking water and sanitation in India. It outlines several proposed models, including establishing reverse osmosis plants at the community level with funding from CSR initiatives or PPPs. Desalination plants along coastal areas and household solutions like chlorination or ceramic filters are also proposed. To address open defecation, the document recommends SHG-managed public toilets, ecosan toilets, and extensive awareness programs in schools and through media. Financial support could come from CSR, communities, or the state depending on the solution. Sustainability and persuading industries are obstacles to these solutions.
This proposal discusses solid waste management in three key areas:
1) It defines solid waste and discusses its sources and impacts. Improper management poses risks like bacterial contamination, toxic contamination, and air pollution.
2) It outlines objectives to improve solid waste management including achieving 90% waste collection efficiency within 30 months through monitoring, coordination, and facilitating improved practices.
3) It discusses several solid waste management methods like recycling, composting, and sanitary landfilling and their environmental benefits compared to open dumping and burning. The proposal is presented to a professor and seeks to improve local solid waste management over three years.
SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES IN WATER SUPPLY & SANITATIONRAMSIDDARTHAN .
1. The document discusses sustainable strategies for water supply and sanitation. It covers various topics including the importance of water, different water sources, the hydrological cycle, water distribution on Earth, portable water, domestic water uses, water pollution, and improving water quality.
2. It also discusses sustainability, factors affecting water source sustainability, elements of sustainability, ground and surface water harvesting systems, and a support model for selecting sustainable structures.
3. The document provides information on sanitation challenges in India, definitions of sanitation, steps to solve sanitation problems, available sanitation technologies, criteria for selecting technologies, and strategies for successful sanitation projects in developing countries.
DEWATS Decentralized waste water treatment technologyRajneesh Gautam
This document presents a proposal for decentralized wastewater treatment in urban and rural areas. It discusses the increasing demand for water due to population growth and the opportunity to reuse 80% of water that becomes wastewater. The objectives are to study current sewage treatment, project future population and water demand, and design decentralized wastewater treatment plants. Calculations project Delhi's population to reach 28.6 million by 2025, increasing wastewater generation. The expected outcomes are analyzing the current sewage system and designing low-cost, low-energy decentralized plants suitable for any community. The conclusion is that decentralized plants providing reuse and recycling are more feasible than large centralized plants.
Community Managed DEWATS in Kathmandu Valley, NepalOswar Mungkasa
Prepared by Freya Mills, Yasoda Shrestha and Luna Kansakar for Conference on DEWATS for Urban Environments in Asia, 25-28 May 2011 Crowne Plaza Galleria, Manila Philippines.
This document discusses issues related to water and sanitation in India. It notes that about 70% of the population lacks basic sanitation and access to safe drinking water, which costs India about 6.4% of its GDP annually. Several solutions are proposed, including seeking new water sources, reducing demand, recycling water, and improving sanitation through community-led programs. However, challenges remain in changing behaviors, ensuring access for all, and proper treatment of wastewater. Overall implementation will require increased infrastructure, education, community management, and addressing open defecation and lack of toilet use.
The document discusses rural water and sanitation models in India. It proposes a model where waste generated by rural communities is sent to a biogas treatment plant, producing biogas and fertilizer. The biogas is then converted to electricity, which is distributed to nearby villages. This provides rural areas with sanitation facilities and a renewable power source. Water availability can be an issue in rural areas, so portable generators may be used to pump water from bore wells. The model aims to create a sustainable system where waste is used to generate resources like power and fertilizer for the community.
The document discusses solid waste management challenges in Pakistan. It notes that solid waste generation is growing at 2.4% annually and averages 0.61 kg/person/day in cities. Food waste makes up 21.7% of solid waste composition on average. Most waste is improperly disposed through open dumping or burning. Only 52-69% of waste is collected in cities. The government aims to improve management through policies and a hospital waste plan, but more regulations and programs are still needed, especially in smaller towns. One example project piloted participatory management in a town through community organization, education, and improved collection infrastructure.
1. The document summarizes 5 days of an internship focused on sustainability topics. On day 1, the interns met with Mr. Elango Rangaswamy, who has dedicated his life to developing his village through innovations like solar power and more efficient stoves.
2. On day 2, the interns attended guest lectures on protecting water bodies and increasing tree planting.
3. Day 3 involved beach cleaning to raise awareness of environmental protection.
4. Day 4 included a visit to the Rain Centre to learn about rainwater harvesting techniques.
5. The final day featured a meeting with Mr. Jagannadhan to learn about organic farming practices.
Urban areas face many environmental problems due to high population density and lack of proper urban planning. Some of the key issues discussed are the development of slums due to migration of rural populations, improper management of solid waste leading to pollution, overexploitation of natural resources, lack of open spaces, and various types of pollution including air, noise, water pollution. Other problems discussed are violation of urban planning rules, water logging and drainage issues, high traffic problems, and increased temperatures due to urban heat island effect. The document uses Mumbai as a case study to highlight specific environmental issues affecting the city like shrinking mangroves, toxic air, pollution of lakes like Powai Lake, deaths of sea creatures, opposition to urban development plans,
Social and Environmental Assessment of Solid Waste Management Scenarios in Caliandrea_diaz7
This case study evaluates the municipal solid waste management system in Cali, Colombia. It aims to assess the social and environmental impacts of the current system and alternative scenarios using life cycle assessment (LCA) methods. Specifically, it applies social LCA (S-LCA) and environmental LCA (E-LCA) to measure impacts, identify hotspots, and evaluate four scenarios: 1) the current system of landfilling with no treatment, 2) landfilling with recycling, 3) sorting with composting, and 4) decentralized recycling with energy generation. Key challenges include developing S-LCA indicators and methods for this system and context, and determining the applicability and suitability of LCA approaches for measuring
This document discusses sustainable development with equity. It provides examples of how rapid economic growth has negatively impacted the environment and led to widespread inequalities. Specifically, overuse of natural resources like groundwater has led to depletion and pollution. Large development projects like dams have displaced people and destroyed livelihoods. The document argues for a more environmentally sustainable development model that considers both present and future generations as well as issues of social justice. It highlights some positive steps taken in India like organic farming initiatives, community-led solutions, and court rulings upholding environmental rights.
Community based monitoring as an accountability tool and related trends of ch...IPHIndia
Community based monitoring of health services in rural Maharashtra involves regular information collection in villages to track public health services. Village committees provide feedback to higher committees at the primary health center, block, district, and state levels. The process aims to develop community ownership over health services. Key monitoring processes include using booklets, health calendars, interviews, and medicine stock checks. Report cards are filled and displayed. Objective impacts found include stopping illegal charges, improved immunization coverage, and increased health center utilization. Overall, community based monitoring has contributed to significant improvements in rural health services.
Community based monitoring in ICDS involves periodic follow up of programme implementation by community members to check coverage, quality of services, and address community needs. It increases accountability, generates information through community involvement, and strengthens local decision making and community capacity. Monitoring is done by Bal Vikas Mahila Samitis at village, block and district levels, involving elected representatives, officials, and community leaders. Areas monitored include functioning of anganwadis, supplementary nutrition, health services, and community participation. Review committees have also been constituted at national, state, district, block and anganwadi levels to oversee monitoring.
This document discusses various information systems used for management purposes. It begins by defining management information as timely, accurate data that helps managers make decisions. It then describes management information systems (MIS) as studying the relationship between people, technology, organizations. MIS helps with business operations like sales and evaluations. The document outlines different types of information systems like transaction processing, decision support, and executive support systems. It also discusses the input, processing, output, and feedback stages of information flow and decision making. Some proposed improvements to information sharing discussed are enterprise resource planning (ERP), business intelligence (BI), radio frequency identification (RFID), and vendor managed inventory (VMI).
Development and implementation of a community based monitoring and evaluation...ILRI
Presented by Harrison Rware, Pamela Pali, Titus Karanja, Carlos Quiros, Jane Poole, John Parkins and Shayo Deogratias at the Workshop on Integrated Dairy Goat and Root Crop Production, ILRI Nairobi, 19 June 2013
A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service or result. Projects can vary in size and duration. The Denver International Airport project faced challenges including changing requirements, cost overruns, delays and technical issues that led to it being over budget and behind schedule. Successful project management requires balancing scope, time and cost, and relies on skills such as leadership, communication and problem solving. The Project Management Institute provides standards and certifications to disseminate best practices. Project managers must coordinate teams and resources to deliver projects successfully.
16. MIS for Project Monitoring and Evaluation ifadseahub
This document discusses how a management information system (MIS) can be used for project monitoring and evaluation (M&E). It describes how the MIS allows for:
1) Efficient data collection through mobile devices to track activities, evaluations, technology adoption, and fund utilization.
2) Real-time monitoring and analysis of project indicators and logframes for management and evaluation.
3) Visualization of project data and progress reports through maps and charts.
4) Future integration with other systems and flexibility to develop additional modules over time.
The document discusses various pollution control acts and regulations in India. It begins by describing how industrialization has increased environmental pollution in India. It then outlines several key pollution control acts that were established, including the Water Pollution Control Act of 1974, Air Pollution Control Act of 1981, and Environment Protection Act of 1986. The acts established standards and requirements for industries regarding emissions and discharges. The document also discusses the creation of zoning atlases to help classify environments and identify suitable locations for siting different types of industries.
Condition-based monitoring (CBM) was implemented at Barnes Reinforcing Industries (BRI) to address frequent machine breakdowns caused by mechanical faults. Engineering trainees used tools like infrared thermometers, vibration analyzers, and thermography cameras to monitor temperatures and vibrations of rotating and heating equipment. Their analysis found bearings were a major cause of breakdowns due to overheating, fatigue, and misalignment. CBM helped identify failing components, extend machine life, and reduce maintenance costs for BRI by focusing repairs on detected faults.
This document discusses various aspects of sustainable development at the neighborhood level, including water, waste management, green space, food, and energy. It emphasizes meeting environmental, economic, and social goals simultaneously (the triple bottom line). Some key sustainable practices mentioned are rainwater harvesting, composting, farmers markets, green roofs, solar panels, recycled and local building materials, and forms of renewable energy like wind and solar.
New Alliances for Water and Sanitation- India Collaboration Lab Innovation Pi...Rosedel Davies-Adewebi
Presentations of nine innovative, entrepreneurial projects addressing water and sanitation challenges in India. Presented at the India Collaboration Lab, partnership and innovation workshop held in New Delhi in October 2013 by the Global Compact Network-India, United Nations Global Compact HQ and the The CEO Water Mandate.
Green Simple Building a Sustainable World Presentation.pptxPerfectOK1
Water pollution is a pressing global issue that threatens ecosystems, human health, and aquatic life. It occurs when harmful substances contaminate or degrade water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and oceans. Pollutants can include chemical, biological, and physical contaminants from various sources like industrial and agricultural waste, urban runoff, and improper waste disposal. Efforts to address water pollution involve implementing pollution controls, wastewater treatment, and promoting sustainable practices.
Urban Sanitation problems and Challenges in Karnataka: An Overviewijtsrd
Urban sanitation is the very important role of creation well known smart cities. In Indian context the people should give more preference to maintain a good sanitation the history study proved particularly the urban sanitation problems main issue in 12st century. The focuses on identification analysis and sanitation problems and challenges and paper based on purely secondary sources of information. Asha T | Dr. S. N. Yogish"Urban Sanitation problems and Challenges in Karnataka: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14292.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/development-economics/14292/urban-sanitation-problems-and-challenges-in-karnataka-an-overview/asha-t
- The document summarizes a study on the water quality and supply system in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. It finds that about 64% of city dwellers do not use water from the Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA) for drinking due to bad smell, and the remaining 36% boil the water before drinking.
- The study included a questionnaire survey of 100 households and water quality tests from different locations. Test results showed pH, BOD, COD, arsenic, hardness, and turbidity levels met Bangladesh and WHO standards except for one location.
- The water supply system in Dhaka faces challenges including a large gap between supply and demand, heavy reliance on ground
This document summarizes a study on the water quality and supply system in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. It finds that about 64% of city dwellers do not use water from the Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA) for drinking due to bad smell, and the remaining 36% boil the water first. The study involved a questionnaire survey of 100 households and water quality testing from different locations. The testing found levels of arsenic, hardness, turbidity and iron that met Bangladesh drinking water standards in the samples tested. The study recommends improving service tank cleaning, placing pipes deeper underground, creating rules for illegal connections, and raising awareness of water issues to help address water quality and supply problems in Dh
Water for Public Good - Connecting the last mile - HUF Maharashtra NoteSambhaji Palve
This document summarizes Hindustan Unilever Foundation's (HUF) water management efforts in Maharashtra, India. It discusses the water crisis facing the state, with over 34% of villages declared drought-affected. HUF is supporting community initiatives across four regions in three river basins to improve irrigation, promote efficient water use, recharge aquifers, develop rainfed areas, and enable policy implementation. The goals are to empower communities to manage their water and increase sustainable agriculture and livelihoods through partnerships with NGOs and the government.
IRJET-Finding the Causes of Water Pollution in Ghats of Varanasi CityIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the causes of water pollution in the ghats (bathing steps) of Varanasi City, India. It finds that the major causes are the disposal of untreated sewage, industrial waste, bodies from cremations, and other waste directly into the Ganges River. Specifically, it notes that the cremation ghat of Manikarnika contributes significant pollution to the river from thousands of bodies burned there annually. Testing of water quality found fecal coliform and biological oxygen demand levels far exceeding safe bathing standards. The aging sewage and drainage systems are unable to handle the city's growing population and industrial waste. As a result, the once holy Ganges River is now severely
Swachh Ganga Abhiyan A Campaign to Control Ganga Pollutionijtsrd
The official name of the Clean Ganga Project is the Integrated Ganga Rejuvenation Mission Project or Namami Gange . This is basically the dream mission of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Even before becoming the Prime Minister, Modi had given a lot of support for cleaning the Ganga. He had promised that if he comes to power, he will start this project as soon as possible. As promised, he started this project in a few months as soon as he became the Prime Minister. This project also started giving them benefits. Evidence of this was seen in his visit to America where he was congratulated by the Clinton family for starting the project. The project came into the news when the RSS decided to oversee it as well as various tax benefit investment schemes announced by the government.Clean Ganga Nidhi Fund constituted to ensure public participation in the cleanliness and aviralta of river Ganga An amount of Rs 453 crore has been received in the last six years in. Rajeev Ranjan Mishra, Director General, National Mission for Clean Ganga NMCG , said, “Up to March 2021, an amount of Rs 453 crore has been deposited in the Clean Ganga Fund and many major projects are being run through it.â€Similarly, saving the Ganga has also been on top of Modi governments agenda. Way back in the mid 1980s, the government launched the first leg of Ganga Action Plan GAP , embarking on a mission to clean up Indias holiest but one of the most polluted river.But three decades and thousands of crores later, the rivers water quality has gone from bad to worse. The Modi government in May last year came up with a Namami Ganga project worth Rs 20,000 crore. The project looks at having floating debris collected and cleaned off the river surface in 10 cities to bring about a visible change. Dr. Anil Kumar "Swachh Ganga Abhiyan: A Campaign to Control Ganga Pollution" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47882.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/47882/swachh-ganga-abhiyan-a-campaign-to-control-ganga-pollution/dr-anil-kumar
This document provides information on various topics related to urban environment management including:
- Mumbai has lost 60% of its green cover in the last 40 years and tree cover has reduced from 35% to 13% today.
- The Mithi river in Mumbai is the most polluted of eight rivers in Maharashtra according to a 2018 MPCB study.
- CPCB was established in 1974 under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change to coordinate pollution control efforts and provide technical assistance.
- Urbanization has economic, social, environmental and health impacts and sustainable cities aim to address problems through solutions like efficient transport and waste management.
TE_Seminar Report_Water Pollution of Ganga river_19151029(1).pdfSHUBHAMSAWANT87
The Ganga is an important River both from a socio economic and religous view point. However,
it was being polluted by domestic and industrial activities along its banks. The Ganga Action Plan
was initiated in 1986 to clean up the River and protect it from further pollution. The Ganges
provides ecosystem services which are of vital importance for the inhabitants of the Ganges River
basin. However, the water quality of the Ganga River deteriorates downstream. Indian cities, e.g.,
Kanpur, Allahabad, Patna, and Varanasi, are local hotspots of pollution and poor water quality.
Downstream of these cities the river’s water quality improves, but never restores to its original
state. This study in order to stimulate future discussions and actions on improving the water quality
and ecology of the Ganga River. The first objective of this study is to assess the impact of urban
activity on Ganges water quality and to identify and quantify major pollution sources into the
Ganges. The second objective included the search for an existing biotic index which can analyze
Ganges ecological status. The main result of this study to provide an overview and trend of the
water quality of Ganga River, which can be used for future development plans of the Ganga River
and if we ignore this then we have to face revealed alarmingly high levels of nutrient- and organic
pollution in the Ganges.
Ganges River question The Ganges River, shown in Figure 4.57, has an.pdfpearlcoburnsanche303
Ganges River question The Ganges River, shown in Figure 4.57, has an annual average flow rate
of 12,105 m3/s. The average temperature of the Ganges River was reported to be 24.68C. The
Ganges has become contaminated with raw sewage and industrial waste, so that the dissolved
oxygen in the river upstream of sewage discharges is 4.6 mg/L. Suppose that the raw sewage that
is untreated flows into the Ganges at a rate of 460 m3/s, the temperature is 258C, and the
dissolved oxygen in the sewage stream is completely depleted (i.e., DO 0). How would you
develop a plan for improving water quality in the Ganges River? 90\" 90 5 STAN 00 kn CHINA
BHU NDIA G.aga. Bana Bay of Bengal 20 Figure The Ganges River Basin Source: Based on
Rahaman, M.M. (2006) The Ganges water conflict: A comparative analysis of the 1977
Agreement and the 1996 Treaty
Solution
Ganges, the holiest river of India is 2500 kms long binding 5 different states of India and has a
huge cultural and spiritual signifincance. The Ganga River Basin is home to more than 600
million Indians which is the highest number of people supported by any river in the world.
However, this huge population has made the Ganges one of the most polluted rivers in the world.
Despite this iconic status and religious heritage, the Ganges today is facing formidable pollution
pressures and associated threats to its biodiversity and environmental sustainability. Increased
dumping of human waste, as well as industrial waste, is noted as the most common form of
pollution of the river. The studies indicate that a large proportion of pollution load in the river
came from the municipal wastewater generated in twenty-five Class I towns located on the banks
of the Ganges, each with a population exceeding 100,000. It constituted around 75% of the
pollution from all point-sources. Remaining 25% of the pollution from point-sources was mainly
due to untreated industrial effluent. Therefore, emphasis is to be given on interception and
diversion of wastewater and its treatment in Sewage Treatment Plants, before discharging into
river.
The data given are -
Annual average flow rate = Qr = 12105 m3/sec
DO in the river upstream of the sewage discharge = DOr = 4.6 mg/l
Flow rate of raw sewage flowing into the river = 460 m3/sec
DO of the mix is given by ( Qr x DOr + Qsewage x DOsewage ) / (Qr + Qsewage) which
according to the question gets depleted completely and one can observe the amount of sewage
that is being dump in the river every day.
Improving the water quality in Ganges can be initiated by preparing a plan, that guides
investment and choices. An obvious focus to be given on the critically polluted stretch and the
plan should prioritize the pollution hot spots and the investments with the greatest impact.Scarce
resources must be allocated to investments with the highest returns. The paucity of credible and
reliable water quality data on the Ganges must be rectified. The global experience shows that we
need good data, including.
The document summarizes the Palampur Water Governance Initiative (PWGI) which applied a payment for ecosystem services (PES) model to ensure long-term drinking water security in Palampur, India. Key events included a 2009 study that identified PES potential, approval of PWGI in June 2009, formation of a steering committee, and a 2010 hydrogeological assessment that identified the Bohal Spring recharge zone. In October 2010, the Municipal Council and newly formed Village Forest Development Society of Bohal-Odi signed an agreement where the council provides annual payment for protection of the recharge zone by the society.
The document discusses various topics related to pollution of the Ganga River in India. It begins with an introduction to the Ganga's significance as a sacred river and its current polluted state. It then discusses the main sources of pollution as industrial and domestic waste, and the effects of pollution including declining fish populations and health risks. The document outlines past efforts to clean the Ganga including the Ganga Action Plan and proposes new technologies that could help purify the river such as biogas generation and wastewater treatment systems. It stresses the importance of community involvement and sustainable agricultural practices to preserve the river.
The document discusses sewage treatment in Salem District, India. It provides background on sewage treatment processes including primary treatment through screening and sedimentation, and secondary treatment using aeration and clarification. It then describes the specific sewage treatment plant proposed for Salem Municipality, including conveyance of sewage via underground sewerage and treatment at a 35 MLD capacity plant. The environmental management plan for the project is also summarized, which aims to meet consent norms and minimize impacts during construction and operation.
IRJET - River Pollution: A Case Study of Panchaganga RiverIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a case study on the pollution of the Panchganga River in Maharashtra, India. The river originates in Kolhapur and flows through two major cities, Kolhapur and Ichalkaranji, which house many sugar, textile and other industries that discharge untreated effluents into the river. This industrial and domestic pollution has made the river water unusable and led to increased waterborne diseases. Corrective measures proposed include requiring all industries to install effluent treatment plants and ensuring cities have functioning wastewater treatment infrastructure to reduce pollution entering the river.
Challenges of Water Quality Management: Case of Peripheral rivers in Dhaka Me...Global Water Partnership
Challenges of Water Quality Management: Case of Peripheral rivers in Dhaka Mega City, presented by Reba Paul, Executive Secretary, Bangladesh Water Partnership and Azharul Haq, Former Managing Director, Dhaka WASA at World Water Week 2010.
The Ganga Action Plan was launched in 1986 with the objectives of improving water quality in the Ganga River by treating domestic sewage and preventing toxic industrial waste, and subsequent plans and programs aimed to further conserve biodiversity, develop new treatment technologies, control non-point pollution sources, and promote awareness of pollution issues. Phases of the plan covered major cities and states along the Ganga River in an effort to ultimately make the river clean by 2020 through infrastructure development, surface cleaning, afforestation, monitoring, and public education.
The document discusses various sources of water pollution in India including agricultural runoff, industrial waste, and city sewage. It notes that 39% of water pollution comes from agriculture, 12% from industry, and 10% from cities. It also discusses solutions to reduce water pollution such as improving sewage treatment, preventing nonpoint runoff, reducing toxic pollutants, and practicing the four R's of resource use.
The document discusses a conference on water management for smart cities in India. It notes that rapid urbanization is increasing challenges for water management in cities. The Ministry of Urban Development in India approved plans worth over 2 billion rupees for water supply and sewerage projects in 89 cities. The conference aims to bring together stakeholders to discuss challenges and develop smart approaches to deliver robust urban water infrastructure and services. Key issues to be discussed include water distribution challenges, preventative maintenance, smart metering, water quality and treatment technologies.
The document summarizes a dialogue session on ecoregion-specific water conservation in India. It discusses that India has 90 agro-ecological zones requiring different approaches to water conservation based on local conditions. Examples are shared from different regions of how communities are addressing water scarcity through reviving traditional structures and adopting localized solutions. Key recommendations include respecting geo-cultural diversity, converging government schemes for maximum impact, strengthening local institutions, recognizing traditional knowledge, and ensuring participation of communities, governments, and civil society in water security efforts. The dialogue series aims to develop solutions for water and livelihood security in India.
Similar to Community Based Monitoring in India: A Tale of Two Rivers (20)
Community Based Monitoring in India: A Tale of Two Rivers
1. Community Based Monitoring in India:
A Tale of Two Rivers
Presentation by Nadia B. Ahmad, Esq.
Community Expectations for Sustainable Development
in Natural Resources Projects (Fall 2011)
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
October 29, 2011
2. Community Based Monitoring:
A Tale of Two Rivers
Kaveri River
Energy – Hydroelectric Power
Sand Mining
Flooding
Eco-tourism
Sarsi River – (tributary of Sutlej)
Irrigation
Pollution
Grassroots activism
Meaningful Public Participation
Barriers to Entry for Community Based Monitoring
5. Kaveri River
o Located in south India
o Unique ecosystem
o Source for vast irrigation system
o Provider of hydropower
o Krishna Raja Sagara dam near Mysore
o Sand mining
o Flooding concerns
o Brindavan Gardens
6.
7. Dam
o 3,000 meters in length
o 40 meters in width
o Sheet of waters in the reservoir
created by the dam spreads
over 130 sq. kilometers
o Constructed from 1911 to
1931.
o Simsha Hydroelectric Power
Project at Shivanasamudram
o Suited for pleasure boating
Krishna Raja Sagara Dam
8. Simsha Hydroelectric Power Project
o Installed capacity of 17,200
kilowatts.
o First hydroelectric project in
Asia.
o Kolar Gold Fields was
supplied with the electricity
generated in 1902.
o In 1905, Bangalore got
electricity.
9. Sand Mining Issue
Sand found on the river bed of the Shimsha river is
mined and used for construction activities, sometimes
illegally.
Due to the environmental issues caused by sand mining,
this activity is currently banned.
Discharge of waste from towns and cities on the way are
major contributors to pollution in the Shimsha.
The Government is trying to clean up the river and has
released funds to do so.
10. Flooding Concerns
o Overflow water from Karnataka dams
o Release of water into neighboring areas has led to
severe flooding
o Unauthorized developments
o Choked drains in residential areas
o Traffic resulting from flooding stranded thousands of
office-goers on Bangalore’s waterlogged roads.
o Schools in the city closed and several apartment
complexes flooded.
o Water entered office-buildings, including one of the
offices of India's third largest software exporter,
Wipro.
o Bangalore accounts for one-third of India's annual
export revenue of $17.2 billion in software and
back-office outsourcing.
11. Sustainable Development of
Water Resources
Current technologies
Large scale dams
Canals
Turbines Alternatives
Rainwater harvesting
Water conservation
Hydrokinetic Energy
Solar Energy
Ecotourism
Community Based Monitoring
19. Sirsa River Valley
o The ground water level = shallow
o Water level varies on an average from 5.5 to 6.3
meters near the riverbed and increases towards
the hills.
o Dry except during monsoon season
o Ground water is the only water source for
domestic, agricultural and industrial use.
21. Pollution Control
The state Pollution Control Board stepped up its
drive to check the units violating pollution control
norms with its environmental surveillance squads
conducting extensive raids in the Baddi-Barotiwala-
Nalagarh (BBN) industrial hub.
The Board discovered that toxic sludge had not
been disposed of properly through the Hazardous
Waste Management Plant, but was openly dumped.
Increased probability of toxic chemicals ending up
in the soil.
22. The Pollutors
o Dr. Reddy’s Lab
o Brooks Lab
o HRI Cosmetics
o Hindustan Unilever Limited
o Vaishnavi Kosmeticos Industries
o Torrent Pharmaceutical
23. Community Monitoring Campaign
While the Sirsa river is choked with effluents, dust
and bad odor due to chemical leaks have become
serious nuisance across the industrial area.
Since there is little awareness about the actual
extent of industrial pollution in this area and the
impacts on the local environment, Community
Environmental Monitoring Campaign is educating
and training community members to address the
industrial pollution through environmental
monitoring campaigns.
24. Campaign Coordination
GCM’s regional partner, Shweta Narayan has been
coordinating a campaign with Him Parivesh, a local
environment action group based in Nalagarh, under the
banner of Community Environmental Monitoring
Campaign.
Communities affected by pollution can monitor and
document pollution levels:
Air
Dust
Water
25. “People living next to polluted
facilities are much more aware
about pollution and do not need
any educational degrees to
identify when pollution levels
are excessive. Documenting
their common sense
experiences in a scientific
manner can provide the best
evidence of pollution which
cannot be refuted by Pollution
Control Board and other
agencies”
- Shweta Narayan
26. Stressed Water Resources
Intense industrialization in the Baddi, Barotiwala and
Nalagarh (BBN) has stressed the water resources in
region for the recently released state environment report
has held that water quality was a lowly D grade because
of low levels of oxygen due to organic pollution.
Speaking about the BBN industrial belt, Nagin Nanda,
member secretary state pollution control board said,
“being a water stressed region and increasing effluents
adding to the pollutants, we have raised the bar for
those intending to set up new units in Baddi, Barotiwala
or Nalagarh. We insist that any upcoming new unit
incorporate a reverse osmosis affluent treatment plant in
its proposal in order to contain water pollution in the
belt.”
27.
28.
29.
30. Training Program for CBM
“The objective of the training is not only to build community
capacities and knowledge on pollution check and monitoring but
also to build a body of local evidence to pressurize bodies like
the Pollution Control Board into action. It is truly appalling that
in such a scenario, where people's health, livelihoods and
environment are at stake, the state government is demanding
extension of the industrial subsidy package instead of making
Baddi-Barotiwala-Nalagarh free of polluting units.”
Balkrishna Sharma, a founding member of Him Parivesh
o Tour of the industrial area to identify the areas most affected by
pollution
o Community training in Kaduana, Baddi and Jhidiwala, Nalagarh
with almost 50 participants including members of Him Parivesh.
31. Meaningful Public Participation
Integration of meaningful public participation into
environmental management is not only important, but
critical for sustainable development and perhaps even
one of the most significant developments in resource
management since the environmental movement itself.
Stewardship-driven environmental monitoring initiatives
improve community environmental and civic capacity,
while adding substantial social capacity that can have
measurable beneficial impacts.
Public participation in environmental monitoring has
emerged in an effort to work towards informing society’s
decisions. In order for this to occur, there is a need for
new approaches to environmental policy and ecosystem
management.
32. Dilemma of Indian River Communities
Although the merit of public participation in
environmental monitoring and management has been
recognized, the need to move from simple participation
to that which is meaningful and linked to relevant
decision-makers remains.
33. Barriers to Entry
The lack of integration and use of information collected
by community-based groups in decision-making can be
traced to social and organizational barriers, as opposed
to technical barriers, meaning that investments in
ecological research and its supporting information
technology alone will not provide a solution.
When information and data gathered via community-
based monitoring initiatives fail to be integrated into
mainstream decision-making processes, the reason is
that they are often developed apart from the
management and policy making processes; rather than
emerging from within.
34. Transparency +
Accountability Program
TAP's mission is to increase the capacity of civil
society organizations to reduce corruption and
better hold government accountable for efficiency
in social sector public spending.
36. Increasing Effectiveness of CBM
1) Process should be gradual.
2) Strong ethic of learning by doing.
3) Careful and adequate attention paid to the
training and development of a core cadre of
facilitators.
4) A commitment on the part of the country to a
cultural change in the institutional environment
which has to become more participatory,
responsive, transparent and with downward
accountability.
37. Sources
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http://www.unisa.edu.au/waterpolicylaw/projects/india_compared.asp
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http://www.himachalpress.com/baddi-barotiwala-nalagarh-industrial-hub-units-found-violating-
pollution-norms/
5. Catherine Conrad, “Towards Meaningful Community-Based Ecological Monitoring in Nova Scotia: Where
are we versus where we would like to be,” Environments Journal Volume 34(1) 2006.
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Water Services: Evidence from Sri Lanka and India,” August 2001. Available at SSRN:
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7. “Daria Daulat Bagh,” http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/seringapatam/images/gardens/.
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http://www.dfid.gov.uk/r4d/PDF/Outputs/IDS/id21Water_7.pdf.
9. Bastiaanssen, W. G. M., D. J. Molden, S. Thiruvengadachari, A. A. M. F. R. Smit, L. Mutuwatte, and G.
Jayasinghe, “Remote sensing and hydrologic models for performance assessment in Sirsa Irrigation
Circle, India,” Research Report 27. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute,
http://www.lk.iwmi.org/Test/CD/pub/pubs/PUB027/body.htm.
10. Ravinder Makhaik, ”Water pollution on the rise in Baddi-Barotiwala-Nalagarh industrial belt of
Himachal,” Hill Post, November 27, 2009, http://hillpost.in/2009/11/27/water-pollution-on-the-rise-in-
baddi-barotiwala-nalagarh-industrial-belt-of-himachal/17381/latest-news/ravinder.
11. Michael Manuel, “How to Create a Social Media Monitoring Strategy,” July 17, 2008, http://mike-
manuel.com/2008/07/17/how-to-create-a-social-media-monitoring-strategy/.
12. “Sleeping on Our Own Mats: An Introductory Guide to Community Based Monitoring and Evaluation,”
The World Bank, Rural Development II, Africa Region, October 2002,
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCDD/Resources/sleepingg.pdf.