Community Assess. Wheel.pdf
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The document discusses the "Community as Partner" model of community assessment. It has two major components: the Community Assessment Wheel and the Nursing Process. The Community Assessment Wheel depicts the community with a core of residents influenced by eight surrounding subsystems - physical environment, education, safety, politics/government, health services, communication, economics, and recreation. Circular lines represent the community's normal defenses, flexible buffer zone, internal strengths, and potential stressors. The amount of disruption from stressors penetrating the normal and flexible lines of defense is known as the degree of community reaction.
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(1) introduction to community health nursing
This document provides an introduction to community health nursing. It defines key terms like community health, community health nursing, and public health. It distinguishes between community health nursing and community-based nursing. It describes the historical development of community health nursing and identifies the mission as improving population health. It outlines characteristics of community health nursing practice and roles including client-oriented, delivery-oriented, and population-oriented.
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This document provides an overview of Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory. It defines key concepts such as self-care, self-care agency, therapeutic self-care demand, and self-care requisites. Orem's theory includes three related parts: the theory of self-care, theory of self-care deficit, and theory of nursing systems. Nursing is needed when an individual is unable to engage in effective self-care to meet universal, developmental, and health-derived self-care requisites. The nurse helps by acting for, doing for, guiding, supporting, providing an environment to develop self-care skills, and teaching patients.
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The health belief model is a social psychological health behavior change model developed to explain and predict health-related behaviors, particularly in regard to the uptake of health services.
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Family health services are the central point of health services.
It is an important component of “Health for All” goal.
Health of each individual affects the health of other member of family.
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Family health services aim to promote the health and well-being of the family unit. The family is considered the basic building block of any healthcare system. Family health nurses provide comprehensive care through services related to reproductive health, child health, adolescent health, mental health, gender issues, and aging. The goals of individual, family, and community health can be achieved through family health services, which follow a nursing process of assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation to address family health needs and problems. An effective family health nurse has qualities like being family-centered, holistic, non-judgmental, and able to work flexibly with diverse families.
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STUDY UPON A FAMILY TO REACH A FAMILY DIAGNOSIS
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3. SOCIO CULTURAL
4. HOUSING & ENVIRONMENT
5. HEALTH, KNOWLEDGE & ATTITUDE
6. IMMUNIZATION STATUS
7. NUTRITIONAL STATUS
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9. FAMILY DIAGNOSIS
10. ACTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
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The document outlines several principles of community health nursing:
1) Community health nursing is community focused and requires understanding the defined community and establishing relationships.
2) Services should be based on identified community health needs and integrated within total community health programs.
3) Health services should be available and accessible to all without discrimination.
4) Community health nurses are accountable to health authorities and should function as part of a team within the policies and goals set by health agencies.
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The document discusses elder abuse, including definitions, types, signs, and causes. It defines elder abuse as harm inflicted on an older person, whether physical, emotional, sexual, financial, or due to neglect. The types of abuse discussed in detail are physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional/psychological abuse, financial abuse, and neglect. Signs of abuse may include bruises, fractures, untreated injuries, or changes in behavior. The causes of elder abuse are complex and can include factors such as ageism, caregiver stress, dependency, mental illness, and relationship issues.
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Community assessment: application to community/public health nursing practice
Assessment, the first step of the nursing process, forms the foundation for determining the client's health, regardless of whether the client is an individual, a family, or a community.
Nurses gather information by using their senses, as well as their cognition, past experiences, and specific tools.
These data are analyzed to make diagnoses about the community's health status and allow the nurse to answer the question, “How healthy is this community, or what are its strengths, problems, and concerns?”
Components of Healthy Communities
Low crime rates
Good schools
Strong family life
Robust economy, good jobs
High environmental quality (clean air, water)
Accessible and quality health services
Adequate housing
Civic involvement
Nice weather
Good transportation (roads, public transportation)
Wide variety of leisure activities
Exposure to the arts
Reasonable taxes
Community defined
Community is defined as an open social system that is characterized by people in a place who have common goals over time.
Aggregate is any number of individuals with at least one common characteristic (Williams, 1977). The terms population group and aggregate are synonyms for population (Williams, 1977)
Population is a collection of individuals who share one or more personal or environmental characteristics, the most common of which is geographical location (Schultz, 1987).
Critical Components of a Community
People, Population is the most obvious of the necessary community components.
Place, traditionally, communities were described in relation to geographical area.
Social interaction or common characteristics, interests, or goals.
Geopolitical
The geopolitical community is a spatial designation—a geographical or geopolitical area or place.
Geopolitical communities are formed by either natural or human-made boundaries. A river, a mountain range, or a valley may create a natural boundary
Human-made boundaries may be structural, political, or legal.
Political boundaries may be exemplified by congressional districts or school districts.
Phenomenological
Another way of thinking about community is in terms of the members' feeling of belonging or sense of membership, rather than geographical or political boundaries
People in a phenomenological community have a group perspective that differentiates them from other groups.
A group consists of two or more people engaged in an interdependent relationship that includes repeated face-to-face communication.
A group's identity may be based on culture, beliefs, values, history, common interests, characteristics, or goals.
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Health economics in nursing
Health economics is the study of how limited resources are used in the health care industry and how they affect health care systems. It aims to provide the best quality health care to as many people as possible given financial constraints. Key aspects of health economics include cost accounting, cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, and analyzing the effects of factors like technology, population changes, and policies on health care systems. Resources in health care may be evaluated using quantitative techniques like cost minimization and cost-effectiveness analysis.
EOA 2016: AHC & the Age of Integration
During the last breakout session of the day at Edge of Amazing 2016 a group came together to discuss the importance of partnerships and social determinants on health. And to give the audience a view into work happening to bridge the gap.
Vicci Hilty, Domestic Violence Services
Tom Hingson, Everett Transit
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Neil Watkins, Snohomish County Food Bank Coalition
Scott Forslund, Providence Institute for a Healthier Community
THEORIES IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING PRACTICE
THEORIES AND MODELS FOR COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
The commonly used theories are:
Nightingale’s theory of environment
Orem’s Self care model
Neuman’s health care system model
Roger’s model of the science and unitary man
Pender’s health promotion model
Roy’s adaptation model
Milio’s Framework of prevention
Salmon White’s Construct for Public health nursing
Block and Josten’s Ethical Theory of population focused nursing
Canadian Model
The ecological
The ecological perspective views individuals in the context of their environments and how they interact and adapt to one another. It originated from biological theories of adaptation and was expanded in social work to understand how social factors shape people's environments and development. A systems approach adds that individuals are part of interconnected social systems from micro to macro levels that influence them. The generalist model in social work applies these perspectives by focusing on client strengths, empowerment, social justice, and facilitating change through engagement, assessment, and action planning.
Community Engagement Part3
The document discusses the key elements and typologies of communities including their structures, dynamics, and processes. It outlines that communities are composed of various social, political, economic, sociocultural, technological, and environmental structures that intersect and overlap. The dynamics and processes involve how individuals and groups interact and influence one another within communities as well as how communities develop over time. The document also presents different typologies of communities.
Lect-1. Introducton to CHN chapter 1.pdf
The document provides an introduction to community health nursing. It defines key terms like community, community health, and community health nursing. It discusses the historical background of community health nursing from its origins in early home care through the development of district nursing, public health nursing, and modern community health nursing. It also covers the philosophy of community health nursing and concepts of health, wellness, illness and disease. The document aims to provide foundational knowledge on community health nursing.
Middle Class environmentalism.pptxMiddle Class Radicalism & .docx
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Middle Class Radicalism & Environmentalism
What Kind of environmentalist are you?
http://thegreenists.com/its-complicated/what-kind-of-environmentalist-are-you/7562
Questions
Are those who join environmental associations particularly aware of the problems?
Is it just about awareness? Are those who are more aware of environmental problems more likely to participate in environmental organizations?
What is the difference between environmentalists and non-environmentalists?
Is it just about awareness? Are those who are more aware of environmental problems more likely to participate in environmental organizations?
3
Research
Questionnaire distributed to 3 groups.
1) Environmentalists 2)Industrialists (Business & Engineering 3) General Public
On some items, environmentalists and general public both agreed on damage to environment (Environmentalists agreement was stronger)
Awareness of environmental dangers can only account in part for membership in environmental groups
How do we then
explain participation in
Environmental groups?
Need to examine beliefs about environment in the context of wider systems of belief & action (We see bigger difference between environmentalists and others)
Environmentalists see environmental dangers to be much more serious.
Environmentalists: More likely to lack confidence in and even show hostility toward science and technology
Environmentalists: More opposed to institutions of industrial society
Belief Systems (Environmentalists)
Low support for material values (Maintaining high rate of economic growth, maintaining stable economy)
High support for post-material values (Progressing toward less impersonal, more humane society; Progressing toward a society where ideas are more important than money)
Environmentalists have a different worldview, meaning system, and value system than non-environmentalists.
Environmentalists Vs. General Public
What differentiates environmentalists from general public is not awareness of environmental dangers but use to which they put their environmental beliefs.
Universal trump cards: Time, money, God, Nature
Laws of nature are used to sanction moral codes (Hurricane Katrina happened b/c of abortion)
Environment is trump card used by environmentalists
Those on Left: Less confidence in science, higher scores on anti-industrial society scale, higher post-material scores, more opposed to economic individualism, more likely to rate environmental dangers as more serious.
Environmental Movement
Environmental movement: Vehicle for harnessing beliefs about environmental dangers to support attack on central values and beliefs of industrial capitalism -- the hegemony of economic goals and values. (Define good citizenship through consumerism)
In other words, Environmental movement is a way of acting out beliefs. Belief is that the world and society is not just about money, individualism, etc. A belief system that feels the environment is in seri ...
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experience and quality of life. Paper presented to the 2011 Aging and Society: An
Interdisciplinary Conference, University of California, Berkeley, CA . Paper recipient of the 2011 Graduate Scholar Award.Introduction of Community Health Nursing
This document defines and discusses concepts related to community health and community health nursing. It provides definitions of community from WHO and other sources that emphasize geographical boundaries, common values, social interaction, and shared goals among community members. Components of community are identified as people, common goals, place, and social interaction. Community health is defined as providing primary health facilities to achieve health for all, and referring to the health status and problems of a community as well as the total healthcare provided. Functions of community health nursing include assessing community health needs, formulating public health policies, and ensuring access to care. Key characteristics are that it combines public health and nursing services while focusing on population health, prevention, and collaboration.
Johnson's theory - Ms. Ritika soni
Dorothy Johnson developed the Behavioral System Model which views the patient as a behavioral system composed of seven subsystems: affiliative, dependency, ingestive, eliminative, sexual, aggressive, and achievement. The goals of nursing according to this model are to assist the patient in maintaining behavioral equilibrium despite illness or stressors. The document provides an overview of Johnson's model, including its key concepts, application to the nursing process, strengths, and limitations.
Transforming social care into social capital
This presentation discusses how social care can be understood as social capital by examining the 'Intelligent Community' model and locating social care within an active civil society. It outlines 10 key elements of social care as social capital, including reflective practice, decentralized partnerships, and developing a sustainable form of social care in the community. The values of social justice, self-determination, communities of practice, and participation are seen as core to social care. Civic intelligence and diversity are also discussed as important aspects of conceptualizing social care as social capital.
Chn unit 1
This document provides an introduction to community health nursing. It defines key terms like community, community health, public health, and community health nursing. It discusses the objectives of community health nursing which are to define related concepts and discuss the historical background, essential functions, and roles of community health nurses. The roles discussed include clinician, educator, manager, leader, researcher, and advocate. The document also covers applying the nursing process in home visits as part of the community health nurse's role.
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Chapter 15 Community AssessmentSergio Osegueda Acuna, MSN-FNP-
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- 1. Community Assessment II Community As A Partner
- 2. Community as Partner • Anderson and McFarlane (1996) used the term “Community as Partner” instead of “community as client”. • To demonstrate equality in the nursing relationship with the community. • Community as Partner was based on the total-person approach (Neuman, 1972). • Two major components compose the Community as Partner • Community assessment wheel. • Nursing process.
- 3. Community Assessment Wheel • Two major components • The core • The community residents who are described by demographics, values, beliefs and history • Eight surrounding subsystems. • Physical environment • Education • Safety and transportation. • Politics and government. • Health and social services. • Communication. • Economics and • recreation. • Community residents are affected by and influence the eight community subsystems.
- 5. Community Assessment Wheel • Surrounding the community is its normal line of defense (level of health obtained by the community) represented by the solid line. • The broken line represents the flexible line of defense “a buffer zone”. Representing the dynamic level of health resulting from temporary response to stressors. • Broken lines between the eight subsystems indicate that they both influence and are influenced by each other. • Lines of resistance (strengths) or internal mechanisms within the community represented by circular broken lines, which defend against stressors
- 6. Community Assessment Wheel • Stressors are tension-producing stimuli that may potentially produce disequilibrium in the system. • Stressors (either from within or from outside of the community) penetrate the flexible and normal lines of defense causing disruption of the community. • The amount of disruption or disequilibrium is known as “the degree of reaction” (Anderson & McFarlane, 2015).