Communication involves the exchange of information between individuals or groups. It can occur internally within an organization or externally. The main purposes of communication are to provide information, gather information, provide reassurance, clarify issues, and influence or start action. Effective communication is a multi-step process that requires getting the right message, media, channel, timing, and feedback. Barriers like noise, incorrect channels or media, contradictions, language differences, and emotional states can interfere with effective communication.
Dr.Kretov Kirill on interpersonal communication (methods, process, and barriers)drkretov
Present article is a part of Master Thesis written and successfully defended by Dr. Kretov Kirill (Master of Arts in Human Resource Management and Doctor of Business Administration) in May 2007, Geneva, Switzerland. The primary objective of this present article is to discuss communication: define the concept of communication, explain the communication process in its entirety and enumerate factors which may improve its efficiency.
URLS:
EyeComTec.Com
LAZgroup.com
Dr.Kretov Kirill on interpersonal communication (methods, process, and barriers)drkretov
Present article is a part of Master Thesis written and successfully defended by Dr. Kretov Kirill (Master of Arts in Human Resource Management and Doctor of Business Administration) in May 2007, Geneva, Switzerland. The primary objective of this present article is to discuss communication: define the concept of communication, explain the communication process in its entirety and enumerate factors which may improve its efficiency.
URLS:
EyeComTec.Com
LAZgroup.com
CONTENTS
WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
OBJECTIVES
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
PURPOSE
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION BASED ON THE COMMUNICATION CHANNELS
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
What is Communication?
The imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing ,or using some other
medium is called Communication.
Objectives – CREATING AWARENESS, – IMPARTING KNOWLEDGE, – PROJECTING AN IMAGE, – SHAPING ATTITUDES, – STIMULATING A WANT OR DESIRE, – EFFECTING A SALE. •Types of Communication
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
– KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE. – KNOW YOUR PURPOSE. – KNOW YOUR TOPIC. – ANTICIPATE OBJECTIONS. – PRESENT A ROUNDED PICTURE. – ACHIEVE CREDIBILITY WITH YOUR AUDIENCE. – FOLLOW THROUGH ON WHAT YOU SAY. – COMMUNICATE A LITTLE AT A TIME.
–
– PRESENT INFORMATION IN SEVERAL WAYS. – DEVELOP A PRACTICAL, USEFUL WAY TO GET FEEDBACK. – USE MULTIPLE COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES. •Purpose
COMMUNICATION SERVES FIVE MAJOR PURPOSES: TO INFORM, TO EXPRESS
FEELINGS, TO IMAGINE, TO INFLUENCE, AND TO MEET SOCIAL EXPECTATIONS. EACH
OF THESE PURPOSES IS REFLECTED IN A FORM OF COMMUNICATION.
1.INFORMATIVE COMMUNICATION
2.AFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
3.IMAGINATIVE COMMUNICATION
4.PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION
5.RITUALISTIC COMMUNICATION
•TYPES OF COMMUNICATION BASED ON THE
COMMUNICATION CHANNELS
There are three types of communication based on Communication channel:
Verbal communication involving listening to a person to understand the meaning of a
message, Written communication in which a message is read, and Nonverbal
communication involving observing a person and inferring meaning. Let’s know them in
more details in further slides.
Verbal Communication
• Verbal communication is the use of words to share information with other people. It
can therefore include both spoken and written communication. However, many
people use the term to describe only spoken communication.
Written Communication
In contrast to verbal communications, which are oral, written business communications
are printed messages. Examples of written communications include memos, proposals, e-mails, letters,
training manuals, and operating policies. They may be printed on paper or appear on
the screen. Written communication is often asynchronous. That is, the sender can write
a message that the receiver can read at any time, unlike a conversation that is carried
on in real time.
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Nonverbal communication is the transmission of messages or signals through a
nonverbal platform such as eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, posture, and body
language. It includes the use of social cues, kinesics, distance and physical
environments/appearance, of voice and of touch.
The End
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CONTENTS
WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
OBJECTIVES
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
PURPOSE
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION BASED ON THE COMMUNICATION CHANNELS
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
What is Communication?
The imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing ,or using some other
medium is called Communication.
Objectives – CREATING AWARENESS, – IMPARTING KNOWLEDGE, – PROJECTING AN IMAGE, – SHAPING ATTITUDES, – STIMULATING A WANT OR DESIRE, – EFFECTING A SALE. •Types of Communication
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
– KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE. – KNOW YOUR PURPOSE. – KNOW YOUR TOPIC. – ANTICIPATE OBJECTIONS. – PRESENT A ROUNDED PICTURE. – ACHIEVE CREDIBILITY WITH YOUR AUDIENCE. – FOLLOW THROUGH ON WHAT YOU SAY. – COMMUNICATE A LITTLE AT A TIME.
–
– PRESENT INFORMATION IN SEVERAL WAYS. – DEVELOP A PRACTICAL, USEFUL WAY TO GET FEEDBACK. – USE MULTIPLE COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES. •Purpose
COMMUNICATION SERVES FIVE MAJOR PURPOSES: TO INFORM, TO EXPRESS
FEELINGS, TO IMAGINE, TO INFLUENCE, AND TO MEET SOCIAL EXPECTATIONS. EACH
OF THESE PURPOSES IS REFLECTED IN A FORM OF COMMUNICATION.
1.INFORMATIVE COMMUNICATION
2.AFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
3.IMAGINATIVE COMMUNICATION
4.PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION
5.RITUALISTIC COMMUNICATION
•TYPES OF COMMUNICATION BASED ON THE
COMMUNICATION CHANNELS
There are three types of communication based on Communication channel:
Verbal communication involving listening to a person to understand the meaning of a
message, Written communication in which a message is read, and Nonverbal
communication involving observing a person and inferring meaning. Let’s know them in
more details in further slides.
Verbal Communication
• Verbal communication is the use of words to share information with other people. It
can therefore include both spoken and written communication. However, many
people use the term to describe only spoken communication.
Written Communication
In contrast to verbal communications, which are oral, written business communications
are printed messages. Examples of written communications include memos, proposals, e-mails, letters,
training manuals, and operating policies. They may be printed on paper or appear on
the screen. Written communication is often asynchronous. That is, the sender can write
a message that the receiver can read at any time, unlike a conversation that is carried
on in real time.
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Nonverbal communication is the transmission of messages or signals through a
nonverbal platform such as eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, posture, and body
language. It includes the use of social cues, kinesics, distance and physical
environments/appearance, of voice and of touch.
The End
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Wave 7: The Story of Why - Social media landscape in Singapore and SEA madhavitumkur
Wave is a global survey conducted by UM, revealing the social habits of consumers in 65 countries. The study has tracked the dynamic shifts that have taken place within the social media landscape for the last seven years. Wave 7 has identified that consumers will connect with brands that meet five basic needs. By answering these needs, and by combining technology, social platforms and media in a more cohesive way, brands can put themselves in an extremely powerful position.
Importance of Business Communication & Communication in an Organization 1.pdf
Communication notes
1. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
What is communication?
Communication can be defined as the exchange of information between one group or
person and another group or person. This communication can be between people within
the same organisation (internal communication) or with people or groups outside the
organisation (external communication)
The purpose of communication
There are various specific reasons why we communicate. These are:
2. To give information
A common reason for communication is to give information. For example, a manager
may want to tell people when a meeting has been arranged, or to inform people of Health
and Safety requirements. Communicating with customers to tell them about a new
product through advertising and promotion is also an example.
To gather information
People in organisations need information to help them make decisions. For example, the
managing director may ask for sales figures from different regions or the personnel
manager may want information about accidents and injuries in the workplace. We may
also need to communicate with our suppliers to find out the price of goods etc.
To give reassurance
Information is needed to reassure people that they are doing things correctly or that things
are happening in an organisation. For example, employees may feel better if they are
given a written report on their work. A manager may want a report to reassure him or her
that safety checks are being carried out properly.
To clarify issues and points
Communications are required to clarify anything that may be confusing in an
organisation. For example, if employees are not sure who they should report to after
being absent from work, then this can be made clear in a written notice.
To start action
Communications are important in getting new ideas off the ground. For example, if
managers want to introduce a major change in an organisation, they may call everyone
together to tell them what will be happening.
3. To influence action
Communications are required to make sure that things happen in a desired way. For
example, if output is falling and costs are rising in a company, managers may need to
warn staff that if things don’t improve the business may fold.
THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
In order to communicate effectively, there are certain stages of the communication
process that must occur. We can show these stages in the form of a diagram.
Effective communication is a two way process. If there were no feedback, you would not
know whether the message has been understood or not.
Communication can occur in different directions. The most common of these are
horizontal and vertical.
HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION
This occurs among employees at the same level of an organisation structure. This could
be staff within the same department or staff with the same level of seniority in different
departments (i.e. all of the secretaries).
DOWNWARD VERTICAL COMMUNICATION
This occurs when a person who is at a higher level of the organisation structure,
communicates with a person or a group who is below them in the structure. Very often
this is to give instructions or to pass on important information.
UPWARD VERTICAL COMMUNICATION
This occurs when a person communicates with a person or group above them in the
4. organisation structure (i.e. someone more senior). This communication often passes on
information relating to targets that have been set or is a response to enquiries from more
senior staff.
COMPONENTS OF THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
To communicate effectively, you must get the following combination of elements correct.
MESSAGE
Knowing exactly what you want to say is one of the most important elements in effective
communication. If you do not know what you are saying, how can you expect someone
else to understand you? It is generally a good idea to keep messages short and to the
point.
MEDIA
The media you choose should be appropriate for the message you are putting across. It
could be verbal (spoken), non-verbal (body language, expression, tone of voice) or
written (memos, reports, letters, posters). It can also be electronic (SMS, fax, email)
CHANNEL
How the message arrives at its destination is also important. The most effective
communication goes from the sender to the receiver in one step. However, business
sometimes complicate matters by sending messages via other people (such as your boss
or secretary). Sometimes information gets muddled (like Chinese whispers).
TIMING
If you don’t send a message at the right time, you may as well not send it at all as it will
be ineffective. Sending Christmas cards in June is not effective, neither is telling
someone they have done a good job and then sacking them!
FEEDBACK
If the above elements have all been carried out effectively then the receiver should be
able to communicate back to the sender what the message was, or ask questions relating
5. to it. Feedback also allows the sender to discover whether the communication has been
successful or not.
FORMAL OR INFORMAL
In addition communication can be formal or informal. Formal communications tends to
be written (especially in the form of letters, reports and memorandums) or verbal (i.e.
meetings). Formal communication involves business related matters.
Informal communication tends to be more verbal, face to face (i.e. meeting someone in
the corridor) or written (i.e. a poster of a notice board). It generally relates to less
important business matters or other issues such as social occasions or ‘the grapevine’ i.e.
gossip.
DIFFERENT COMMUNICATION MEDIA
Here is a list of the different communications media which can be used which has been
broken down into whether they are mainly used internally (within a business), externally
(between businesses) or can be either.
Internal Grapevine (gossip)
Memorandum (memo)
Internal e-mail
Notice board
Tannoy
Employee newsletter
External Postal service
Bills/invoices
E-mail
Customer magazine
Public relations material
Either Phone
Fax
Meeting
Letters
Reports
Signs
6. Tele-conferencing
Presentations
This is not an exhaustive list but gives you some indication of what is seen as an
acceptable way to communicate with external stakeholders of the organisation.
BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
These are issues that prevent effective communication from talking place
within an organisation or between organisations.
Type of Barrier Barrier Explanation
Too much background noise in the environment can
Transmission Noise
cause transmission of a message to fail
Passing a message through the incorrect channel can
cause distortion of the message to occur and
Incorrect channel
lengthen the time taken for the message to be
communicated
Communicating using the wrong media can put
across the wrong message i.e. pinning a formal
Incorrect media
communication on a notice board may detract from
its important message
When different people instruct staff to do two
Contradictions
different things, problems arise.
Can be a problem, especially in multinational
Language Different language
business or those who supply foreign clients.
7. Especially difficult for customers in high tech fields.
Slang stops people or groups from understanding
Slang/jargon
the message as it can be just like hearing half a
conversation in a foreign language.
Using too many words instead of being short and
Verbosity too the point can mean that the meaning of a
message is lost
Giving out too much information at one time often
Information
Reception results in NONE of the information being
overload
remembered or acted on correctly.
Subconsciously predicting the response a person
will give to a communication (based on gender,
Stereotypes
race, age, education etc) may stop the ACTUAL
response from being communicated effectively.
A person who is in a heightened emotional state (i.e.
overexcited, upset etc) will have difficulty in
Emotional state
comprehending any message that is being
communicated to them.
As I am sure you will know, trying to communicate
to someone who is bored is very difficult! Trying to
Lack of interest
keep someone’s interest will always make
communication more effective.
You also need to know about Management Information Systems and this can be found in
your textbooks.