Communication styles vary between individuals and depend on both the sender and receiver. Effective communication requires consideration of barriers like authority, language, personality, and gender. True communication is only achieved when barriers are identified and removed through an anti-oppressive approach. Verbal communication includes both written and oral exchanges, while non-verbal communication conveys messages through gestures and body language to supplement verbal interactions. The communication process involves a sender encoding a message, choosing a channel to send it through, a receiver decoding the message, and feedback to assess understanding. Noise can also interfere with successful transmission and interpretation of the message.

2. SUBMITTED BY
ankit sahu
MSW1ST SEM
SUBMITTED to
Neha Mishra Mam

3. Communication
• Communication styles change from person to person.
During the process of communication, a person may
invoke several channels or modes or methods to
convey a message. But, the process of communication
doesn’t only depend on the source producing or
relaying information.
• It also equally depends on the communication method
and the manner in which the receiver understands the
message. Let us first understand the method by which
we communicate.

4. According to Koprowska
• “Communication is both interactive and context related.
Therefore, careful consideration needs to be taken when
communicating. There may be several barriers involved in
communication, such as: authority, language, ability,
personality, gender, age, and class (Thompson, 2009).”
• “True communication can only be achieved if the barriers
are identified and removed. This can be attained by the
practice of an anti oppressive and anti discriminatory
approach to communication on the part of the social
worker.”

5. Categories of Communication
1 •Verbal
2 •Non-Verbal
3 •Visual

6. Verbal
This involves the use of
language and words for the
purpose of passing on the
intended message. In general
terms, Verbal Communication
means communication in the form of spoken
words only. But, in the context of types of
communication, verbal communication can be
in the spoken or the written form. Thus, the
verbal form may be oral or written as
discussed below.

7. • Written Communication: This kind of communication
involves any kind of exchange of information in the written
form. For example, e-mails, texts, letters, reports, SMS,
posts on social media platforms, documents, handbooks,
posters, flyers, etc.
• Oral Communication: This is the communication which
employs the spoken word, either direct or indirect as a
communication channel. This verbal communication could
be made on a channel that passes information in only one
form i.e. sound.
You could converse either face to face, or over the phone,
or via voice notes or chat rooms, etc. It all comes under
the oral communication. This form of communication is an
effective form.

9. Non-Verbal Communication
In this type of communication,
messages are relayed without
the transmission of words. The
messages here are wordless
messages. This form of communication mainly
aides verbal communication. It
supplements it with gestures, body language,
symbols, and expressions.

11. Visual Communication

12. Process of Communication

13. • Sender: The sender or the communicator is the person
who initiates the conversation and has conceptualized the
idea that he intends to convey it to others.
• Encoding: The sender begins with the encoding process
wherein he uses certain words or non-verbal methods
such as symbols, signs, body gestures, etc. to translate
the information into a message. The sender’s knowledge,
skills, perception, background, competencies, etc. has a
great impact on the success of the message.
• Message: Once the encoding is finished, the sender gets
the message that he intends to convey. The message can
be written, oral, symbolic or non-verbal such as body
gestures, silence, sighs, sounds, etc. or any other signal
that triggers the response of a receiver.

14. • Communication Channel: The Sender chooses the
medium through which he wants to convey his message
to the recipient. It must be selected carefully in order to
make the message effective and correctly interpreted by
the recipient. The choice of medium depends on the
interpersonal relationships between the sender and the
receiver and also on the urgency of the message being
sent. Oral, virtual, written, sound, gesture, etc. are some
of the commonly used communication mediums.
• Receiver: The receiver is the person for whom the
message is intended or targeted. He tries to comprehend
it in the best possible manner such that the
communication objective is attained. The degree to which
the receiver decodes the message depends on his
knowledge of the subject matter, experience, trust and
relationship with the sender.

15. • Decoding: Here, the receiver interprets the sender’s
message and tries to understand it in the best possible
manner. An effective communication occurs only if the
receiver understands the message in exactly the same
way as it was intended by the sender.
• Feedback: The Feedback is the final step of the process
that ensures the receiver has received the message and
interpreted it correctly as it was intended by the sender. It
increases the effectiveness of the communication as it
permits the sender to know the efficacy of his message.
The response of the receiver can be verbal or non-verbal.
• Noise: The Noise shows the barriers in communications.
There are chances when the message sent by the sender
is not received by the recipient.