This document discusses the importance for scientists to communicate their research to the public. It notes that the public may not understand aspects of scientific research like the fact that one study is not definitive or that health messages can change. Scientists also may not understand that the public wants to understand results and their relevance in everyday terms. The document provides tips for scientists in preparing research summaries, developing key messages, and conducting interviews with reporters to help raise awareness of their findings.
Co-design, Co-produce, Co-deliver: Collaboration is the only viable path to s...Simon R. Stones
In this presentation, delivered to the Translate external advisory board at their bi-annual meeting, the importance of patient and public involvement in research is highlighted, as well as simple strategies that researchers, healthcare professionals and private organisations can take to involve people in all aspects of research, from the bench to the bedside.
A mobile health application called "CareGoggles" for locating affordable healthcare options for the rehabilitation population in Newark. CareGoggles will improve primary care access and health outcomes, thereby empowering patients to become better stewards of their own health.
Health Literacy Through Testing aims to improve health literacy and the patient-doctor relationship through testing of health literacy in the waiting room. The test will provide a snapshot of a patient's problem areas to improve education and compliance, as well as provide invaluable data regarding health literacy.
Co-design, Co-produce, Co-deliver: Collaboration is the only viable path to s...Simon R. Stones
In this presentation, delivered to the Translate external advisory board at their bi-annual meeting, the importance of patient and public involvement in research is highlighted, as well as simple strategies that researchers, healthcare professionals and private organisations can take to involve people in all aspects of research, from the bench to the bedside.
A mobile health application called "CareGoggles" for locating affordable healthcare options for the rehabilitation population in Newark. CareGoggles will improve primary care access and health outcomes, thereby empowering patients to become better stewards of their own health.
Health Literacy Through Testing aims to improve health literacy and the patient-doctor relationship through testing of health literacy in the waiting room. The test will provide a snapshot of a patient's problem areas to improve education and compliance, as well as provide invaluable data regarding health literacy.
WhyIUD: A Peer-Led Social Communication InterventionYTH
Friends and family are a trusted source of contraceptive information for young people. However, when it comes to IUDs, negative and incorrect information is prevalent in social communication. We developed a multi-technology, peer-led intervention to encourage fact-based communication about the IUD among women. Our intervention, WhyIUD, includes text messages for IUD users and a webpage and pamphlets for IUD users and their friends. WhyIUD is delivered by clinicians to IUD users during their IUD insertion or other clinic visit, and then by IUD users to their friends. WhyIUD aims to accelerate awareness, acceptance and uptake of IUDs among women for whom this method may be a good fit, thus decreasing the rate of unintended pregnancy. WhyIUD's development and evaluation may serve as a model to other behavior change initiatives seeking to harness social influence and spread evidence-based health information by partnering technology and clinical care.
Ensuring research really does involve the young personSimon R. Stones
This presentation was delivered during a session discussing the ethics of conducting research with children and young people. The presentation emphasises the importance of involving children, young people and their families in the design and conduct of research, in order to make it more relevant.
Copernicus, Copernicus incentivizes diabetic patients in under-served populations to actively engage in their diabetes management through an mobile platform that provides notification, media content and reward incentives for disease tracking, medication adherence, improved health literacy and communication with providers. Users receive points by employing clinically proven health-promoting habits, which can be verified by their health care provider, which can be cashed out for gift cards.
Joshua M. Sharfstein, M.D.
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Practical Playbook National Meeting, May 2016
Bringing Public Health and Primary Care Together: The Practical Playbook National Meeting was at the Hyatt Regency in Bethesda, MD, May 22 - 24, 2016. The meeting was a milestone event towards advancing robust collaborations that improve population health. Key stakeholders from across sectors – representing professional associations, community organizations, government agencies and academic institutions – and across the country came together at the National Meeting to help catalyze a national movement, accelerate collaborations by fostering skill development, and connect with like-minded individuals and organizations to facilitate the exchange of ideas to drive population health improvement.
The Practical Playbook was developed by the de Beaumont Foundation, the Duke University School of Medicine Department of Community and Family Medicine, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Learn more at www.practicalplaybook.org.
WhyIUD: A Peer-Led Social Communication InterventionYTH
Friends and family are a trusted source of contraceptive information for young people. However, when it comes to IUDs, negative and incorrect information is prevalent in social communication. We developed a multi-technology, peer-led intervention to encourage fact-based communication about the IUD among women. Our intervention, WhyIUD, includes text messages for IUD users and a webpage and pamphlets for IUD users and their friends. WhyIUD is delivered by clinicians to IUD users during their IUD insertion or other clinic visit, and then by IUD users to their friends. WhyIUD aims to accelerate awareness, acceptance and uptake of IUDs among women for whom this method may be a good fit, thus decreasing the rate of unintended pregnancy. WhyIUD's development and evaluation may serve as a model to other behavior change initiatives seeking to harness social influence and spread evidence-based health information by partnering technology and clinical care.
Ensuring research really does involve the young personSimon R. Stones
This presentation was delivered during a session discussing the ethics of conducting research with children and young people. The presentation emphasises the importance of involving children, young people and their families in the design and conduct of research, in order to make it more relevant.
Copernicus, Copernicus incentivizes diabetic patients in under-served populations to actively engage in their diabetes management through an mobile platform that provides notification, media content and reward incentives for disease tracking, medication adherence, improved health literacy and communication with providers. Users receive points by employing clinically proven health-promoting habits, which can be verified by their health care provider, which can be cashed out for gift cards.
Joshua M. Sharfstein, M.D.
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Practical Playbook National Meeting, May 2016
Bringing Public Health and Primary Care Together: The Practical Playbook National Meeting was at the Hyatt Regency in Bethesda, MD, May 22 - 24, 2016. The meeting was a milestone event towards advancing robust collaborations that improve population health. Key stakeholders from across sectors – representing professional associations, community organizations, government agencies and academic institutions – and across the country came together at the National Meeting to help catalyze a national movement, accelerate collaborations by fostering skill development, and connect with like-minded individuals and organizations to facilitate the exchange of ideas to drive population health improvement.
The Practical Playbook was developed by the de Beaumont Foundation, the Duke University School of Medicine Department of Community and Family Medicine, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Learn more at www.practicalplaybook.org.
This is the presentation by Dr. Padmal De Silva - Head of the Research Unit, National Institute of Health Sciences, Sri Lanka done on the inauguration of Medical Research Consortium. http://learnent.net/research-symposium-dgh-hambantota/
Cihr guest presentation and webinar afternoon talk - january 2014Simon Denegri
Presentation on public involvement and engagement in health research: why, how and what next? Given to the staff of the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR), Ottawa, Canada, 2014
Similar to Communicating Your Science to the Public (20)
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.
Communicating Your Science to the Public
1. National Institutes of Health • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Communicating Your Science to the
Public
April 17, 2018
Virginia Guidry, Ph.D.
Office of Communications and Public Liaison
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
3. National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
NIEHS Communications
Media relations
4. National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Why practice communicating science?
5. National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
What the Public May Not Understand About Science
• One study is not definitive
• Most studies don’t show a clear
cause and effect
• Research yields new knowledge -
but also raises new questions
• Legitimate controversies exist
• Health messages can change,
based on new knowledge
6. National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
What Scientists May Not Understand About the Public
• Good communication is not “dumbing it down,” it is a
clear message using common language
• Public wants to hear results – and why they matter
• Public wants to know what you are doing to make their
lives better
• People like science and learning new things
• Jargon is a major turnoff
7. National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
DNA methylation associated with smoking
"We had a very large sample, which gave
us a lot of power ... and found sites in the
genome where smoking leads to a
difference in methylation," said Dr.
Stephanie London, deputy chief of the
epidemiology branch of the National
Institute of Environmental Health
Sciences, who led the study.
"The genes we found to be impacted
were ones associated with smoking-
related diseases," she said.
8. National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
What Makes a Study Newsworthy?
• Timely – relates to current events
• Topic important to public
• Fascinating
• Controversial
• Refutes earlier findings
• Celebrity connection
9. National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Why Should You Talk to Reporters?
• The media is an important link to the general public
• Improves accuracy of reporting
• Provides context for research
• Creates support for funding science
• Science needs good representatives
• MEDIA IS CHANGING
Dr. Daryl Zeldin, NIEHS scientific
director, on PBS’ Second Opinion
10. National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Interview Tips: Develop your message
• Three points
• Focus on what was learned and why it matters to
the public.
– Key results
– New knowledge this study adds
– Benefit to the public
• Practice saying your talking points OUT LOUD.
• Avoid jargon, or prepare to explain it
• “What’s really important about this study is…”
11. National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Interview Tips: Front Load the Important Stuff
Source: Communicating the Science of Climate Change – Somerville and Hassol, 2011
Background
Methods
Results/
Conclusions
Bottom Line
So What?
Supporting
Details
Scientist
Public
13. National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Practice
• Pair up (at least one person must have read the paper)
• Mock interview
– Thanks for taking the time to talk to me today. Can you help me
understand what your study found?
– How is the fluoride exposure in this study different from in the U.S.?
– Should we stop fluoridating water?
– Anything else you’d like to add?
18. National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Scientists need to communicate
• Clear communication is a skill
• Scientists need to engage
• Prepare for interviews
Thank you!
virginia.guidry@nih.gov
@GingerTGuidry
Linda Birnbaum, Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand, D-N.Y.,
Padma Lakshmi of Top Chef, and Ken Cook of
Environmental Working Group discuss possible
environmental contributors to endometriosis.
(Photo courtesy of Mark Miller)
