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Commonwealth
The Commonwealth of Nations is an intergovernmental organization of 54 independent member states. It was formerly known as the British Commonwealth. Its main objectives are to promote democracy, human rights, good governance, rule of law, individual liberty, equality, free trade, international relations, and world peace. Queen Elizabeth II has been the Head of the Commonwealth since 1952. The organization aims to facilitate cooperation among member states.
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Commonwealth
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- 2. Introduction The Commonwealthof Nations formerly known as British Commonwealth. Intergovernmental Organization. 54 independent member states.
- 3. Main Objective ToPromote ◦ Democracy. ◦ Human rights. ◦ Good governance. ◦ Rule of law. ◦ Individual liberty. ◦ Equality among people. ◦ Free trade. ◦ International Relations. ◦ World peace.
- 4. Head Of Commonwealth QueenElizabeth ll since 6 February 1952. Secretary General ◦ Kamalesh Sharma since 1 April 2008.
- 6. Commonwealth Secretariat Established In1965 The main intergovernmental agency of the Commonwealth. Facilitating, consultation and cooperation among member governments and countries.
- 7. Secretariat The Commonwealthof Nations is represented in the United Nations General Assembly by the Secretariat, as an observer. Organizes Commonwealth summits, meetings of ministers, consultative meetings and technical discussions.
- 8. Background The Commonwealthconsists almost entirely of countries which were once part of the British empire. Burma, on becoming independent, chose not to join.
- 9. Decolonization The oldDominions were confirmed in their independence by the 1931 Statute of Westminster. India and Pakistan became independent in 1947.
- 10. Members by 1965the Commonwealth member states numbered 22 by 1985 : 49 by 2006 : 53 In Present : 54
- 11. Members The largestmember of the Commonwealth is Canada, at nearly 10 million square kilometers. The most populous Commonwealth country is India, with nearly 1.1 billion people. The smallest member is Nauru, with only 13,000 inhabitants. The Commonwealth also includes the world's driest and most sparsely populated
- 13. States Detached 1949– Ireland 1961 – South Africa readmitted in 1994 ( Hedrick Verwoerd unsuccessful assassination) (Sharpeville massacre demonstration) 1972 – Pakistan left readmitted in 1989
- 14. Membership Suspended Fiji’s membershipwas suspended from 2000 to 2001, and again in 2006 Zimbabwe in 2002–3 Pakistan’s from 1999 to 2004
- 15. Organizations The Commonwealthof Learning (COL) is an intergovernmental organization created by the Heads of Government to encourage the development and sharing of open learning/distance education knowledge.
- 16. The CommonwealthGames a multi-sport event is held every four years. the goal is promoting relations between Commonwealth countries and celebrating their shared sporting and cultural heritage.
- 17. The CommonwealthWar Graves Commission (CWGC) responsible for maintaining the war graves of 1.7 million service personnel that died in the First and Second World Wars fighting for Commonwealth member states.
- 18. The CommonwealthBusiness Council (CBC) was formed at 1997 The aim was to utilize the global network of the Commonwealth more effectively for the promotion of global trade and investment for shared prosperity.
- 19. Commonwealth Events CHOGMCommonwealth Heads Of Government Meeting, which is held after every 2 years. CGF Commonwealth Games Federation, games event held after every 4 years.
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- 22. Commonwealth Benefits All membershave seen the advantages of remaining in a group, that bridges the gap between the world’s ‘north’ and ‘south’. It has survived bitter disputes, and even wars, between its members.
- 23. What does the commonwealthdo? Have assistance which monitor elections in different countries. Training of judges. Teachers training. Scholarships for students. Training of medical persons. Commonwealth heads meet with government to discuss how to work together.
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Editor's Notes
- #3 Volunteer org.
- #8 provides technical assistance to help governments in the social and economic development of their countries and in support of the Commonwealth's fundamental political values.
- #13 Humanrightsinitiative.org
- #15 Fiji had seen four definitive coups in the past two decades. At the heart of the previous three of these lay the tensions between the ethnic Fijians and Indian Fijians. Religion played a significant role; the majority of ethnic Fijians belong to the Methodist church whereas the majority of the Indians are Hindu. The suspensions of Fiji, Nigeria and Zimbabwe were moves intended to encourage a return to democracy in those countries. In each coup, one of the sides sought to establish reduced rights for the Indian Fijians; the other side sought to grant greater rights and equality to the Indian Fijians. The coups of 1987 led by Colonel Sitiveni Rabuka resulted in a constitution that ensured that Indian Fijians could only have less than half of all seats in parliament and banned Indians from the post of prime minister. The coup of 2000 by George Speight removed the elected Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudry, who is a Hindu of Indian origin. The church in Fiji frequently played a significant role—Methodist church leaders supported the 2000 coup and the subsequent proposal to pardon those involved. Even the possibility of declaring Fiji a theocratic Christian state was proposed in the past.[4] This has brought Josaia Voreqe "Frank" Bainimarama, leader of the December 2006 coup, in conflict with the Methodist church in the past.
- #20 Issues discussed include international peace and security, democracy, good governance, sustainable development, debt management, education, environment, gender equality, health, human rights, information and communication technology, law, multilateral trade issues, small states and youth affairs.
- #21 The 2013 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM)will be held in Colombo, Sri Lanka, from 15 to 17 November.
- #22 Scotland 2014