Urinary tract infections are common urological issues that occur when bacteria enter the urethra and cause painful urination. Obstructions in the urinary tract can be caused by kidney stones or issues in the vas deferens or prostate. Lifestyle factors like obesity increase risks for chronic kidney disease. Common urological issues for men include benign prostatic hyperplasia and related urinary symptoms, urinary tract infections, prostatitis, infertility, vasectomy, kidney stones, and prostate cancer. Key symptoms of urological conditions are difficulties urinating, abnormal urine volumes or contents, pain, and incontinence. People experiencing these symptoms should see a urology specialist for treatment.